Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Dokumentationsformen åtgärdsprogram får utstå en hel del kritik både från tidigare forskning och från media vad gäller innehåll och utformning. Åtgärdsprogram ska skrivas när det misstänks att en elev inte når aktuella kunskapskrav. Då blir det därför viktigt i ett ämne som matematik som har en relativt hög andel underkända elever att åtgärdsprogramsprocessen fungerar väl. Denna systematiska litteraturstudies syfte är att kartlägga/identifiera eventuella faktorer som kan öka måluppfyllelsen i åtgärdsprogramprocessen i ämnet matematik. Det resultat och slutsatser denna studie kommer fram till är att det är ett antal olika faktorer som måste samspela för att åtgärdsprogramsprocessen i matematik skall falla väl ut. Faktorer som denna studie kommer fram till som kan påverka är exempelvis elevers och föräldrars delaktighet samt rektors engagemang och vilja att delta i arbetet. / Both from previous research and from the media the documentation form of education plan receives a lot of criticism in terms of both content and design. An education plan must be written if a student is suspected not to achieve current knowledge requirements. It will therefore be important in a subject like mathematics which has a relatively high percentage of students who fails to achieve the knowledge requirements. Therefore it is important that the process with the education plan fulfils its purpose. This systematic literature study aims to identify factors that may increase the effectiveness of education plan process in mathematics. The results and conclusions of this study put forward several different factors that must interact in order to make the educational plan process in mathematics successful. Factors that this study concludes that might have an affect are for example, pupils' and parents' participation and the headmasters’ commitment and volition to participate.

The study´s main purpose is to examine how three educators who work with children ages 1-3  in three different preschools working with mathematics in preschool. I have used a qualitative research in the form of interviews to obtain educators perspectives on their working. The educator´s stories about their working methods are the most important findings and it turned out that the interviewed educators was working fairly similar in terms of mathematics learning with the youngest children  in preschool. They both schedule mathematics in various activities and work with it in everyday situations. Their different approaches can be divided into five different categories which are: planned theme work and experiences, body and play, interaction and conversation, environment and materials, visualize mathematics. / Studiens främsta syfte är att undersöka hur tre pedagoger som arbetar med barn i åldrarna 1-3 år på tre olika förskolor arbetar med matematik i förskolan. Jag har använt mig utav en kvalitativ forskningsmetod i form av intervjuer för att få fram pedagogernas perspektiv på deras arbetssätt. Pedagogernas berättelser om deras arbetsmetoder är studiens viktigaste resultat och det visade sig att de intervjuade pedagogerna arbetar någorlunda liknande när det gäller matematiklärandet med de yngsta barnen i förskolan. De både planerar in matematik i olika aktiviteter och jobbar med det i vardagliga situationer. Deras olika arbetssätt kan delas in i fem olika kategorier som är följande: planerade temaarbeten och upplevelser, kroppen och leken, samspel och samtal, miljön och material samt synliggöra matematik.

La signalisation cellulaire induite par les récepteurs à sept domaines transmembranaires(R7TM) contrôle les principales fonctions physiologiques humaines. Ces R7TMs sont cibles de médicaments et initient de larges réseaux d'interactions. Nous avons modélisé dynamiquement les réseaux de signalisation du récepteur à l'hormone folliculo-stimulante(FSH) régulant la fonction de reproduction et du récepteur angiotensine, un R7TM modèle régulant la tension pour comprendre le fonctionnement de ces réseaux et prédire des données inaccessibles expérimentalement. Notre modélisation a utilisé des équations différentielles ordinaires, en assimilant une variable par espèce et un paramètre par constante cinétique. Les paramètres manquants ont été déterminés par optimisation paramétrique.Puis, nous avons développé un environnement afin de comparer plusieurs algorithmes d'optimisation et créer une nouvelle méthode hybride plus performante et adaptée à la paramétrisation des réseaux de signalisation. / Seven transmembrane receptor (7TMR) signaling controls the main human physiological functions. R7TMs are targeted by drugs and initiate large and complex networks responsible for physiological effects. In this thesis, we dynamically modelled the FSHR induced network that have critical role in reproduction and the angiotensin receptor induced network which regulates blood presure and is considered as a model 7TMR with the objective to understand their mechanisms of functionning and to predict experimentally unreachable data. Our modeling, based on ODE formalism, assumes each species as a variable and each kinetic rate as a parameter. Some parameters were unknown and requiered an adjustment. This led us to develop an environement allowing the comparaisonof existing adjustment methods and to create a novel and efficient hybrid method well-adapted to parametrization of signaling networks.

The purpose with this study was to investigate how teachers working in junior highschool use feedback when they teach mathematics to their students, and when and how they give feedback and how they experience in what grade the feedback affects the students learning. The study was performed by me doing eight interviews with mathematic teachers working in two different schools.  The result of the study shows that the teachers have different perceptions about what should be called feedback and that they also work different with feedback to their students. Some of the teachers give their students more traditional feedback that doesn´t effects the students substantially while some of the teachers are more conscious about modern research in feedback and about its effects and uses some of the examples that research have shown given a positive effect on students learning. I also found out that most of the teachers that I have interviewed think feedback is something that both is hard and takes a lot of time and they want to be better and more effective in using feedback.

I dagens skola har många elever en oroskänsla inför matematik, vilket påverkar prestationerna negativt. Genom att öka motivationen förväntas prestationerna göra detsamma. Om elever får arbeta genom lektionsformer de känner att de lär sig av ökar motivationen. Syftet med denna enkätstudien var att ur ett elevperspektiv undersöka vilka lektionsformer som elever i mellanstadiet upplever att de lär sig bra av och därmed blir motiverade av. 189 elever deltog i studien. För att analysera resultatet valdes det sociokulturella perspektivets medierande redskap för att skapa ett analysverktyg. Resultatet visade att matteboken, matematiska spel samt lärarledd genomgång uppskattades något mer av eleverna än de resterande lektionsformerna. Det fanns inga samband mellan dessa vad gällde vilka medierande redskap som används. Enda sambandet som hittades var att många elever från urvalsgruppen använt dessa lektionsformer till skillnad från vissa andra. Slutsatsen antyder att en varierad undervisning bestående av olika lektionsformer samt olika medierande redskap gynnar elevernas lärande och motivation samt hur ofta en lektionsform praktiseras i klassrummet. / In today's school, many pupils have anxiety towards mathematics, which negatively affects their performance. By increasing the pupils’ motivation, their performance is expected to do the same. If the pupils work with methods they feel that they can learn from, their motivation will increase. The purpose of the survey was to investigate, from a pupil perspective, what methods middle school pupils experience have a positive effect on their learning and motivation in math. To analyze the result the mediating tools of the sociocultural perspective was chosen to support the analysis of the result. The result showed that the math book, mathematical games and teacher-led instructions were estimated slightly better than the remaining methods by the pupils. There was no correlation between the methods according to which mediation tools that was used. The only relationship found was that most pupils of the sample group have used these methods, unlike some of the others. The conclusion suggests that a varied teaching consisting of diverse types of methods and various mediating tools favors the pupils’ learning and motivation but also how often a method is used.

Esta tese tem por objetivo mostrar a possibilidade de observação da existência da aprendizagem significativa a partir do uso de modelos matemáticos quando os alunos do curso de administração equacionam situações-problema empresariais com o auxílio do software LINDO. A pesquisa foi realizada com discentes do Centro Universitário UNIVATES, situado em Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, quando estes frequentaram a disciplina Pesquisa Operacional. Os fundamentos teóricos estão embasados na teoria da aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel (1968, 2003), na pesquisa operacional e suas ferramentas de resolução, principalmente o software LINDO, bem como na modelagem matemática. Metodologicamente, foram aplicados instrumentos de avaliação de subsunçores relacionados à capacidade de modelagem de problemas de programação linear. Face à ausência de alguns subsunçores, foram utilizados organizadores avançados que serviram como mecanismos pedagógicos para estabelecer relações entre aquilo que os alunos já sabiam e o que deveriam saber. Posteriormente, cada aluno desenvolveu, no mínimo, dois modelos matemáticos e dois mapas conceituais, sendo os primeiros no início da pesquisa e outros ao final. Como resultado, percebeu-se que o ambiente de modelagem matemática sugerido por Barbosa (2006) favoreceu a observação de aprendizagem significativa (AUSUBEL, 2003) da programação linear quando os alunos abstraíram e resolveram situações-problema empresariais com o auxílio do software LINDO. Os modelos matemáticos finais evoluíram, na maioria dos casos, apresentando mais variáveis e restrições. Por meio dos modelos matemáticos e mapas conceituais, foi possível observar algumas evidências em relação às exigências profissionais do administrador como a capacidade de reconhecer e de definir problemas e equacionar soluções e a capacidade de pensar estrategicamente e introduzir modificações no processo produtivo. Cabe ressaltar que os modelos matemáticos ilustram o conhecimento que o aluno possui. Por isso, são diferentes, têm níveis diferentes e refletem a idiossincrasia do processo ensino-aprendizagem, como postulam Moreira (2005) e Biembengut (2003). / This thesis aims at demonstrating the possibility of observing the existence of the significant apprenticeship, proceeding from the use of mathematic models when business administration students solve corporative problem situations with the help of the LINDO software. The research was carried out with students at UNIVATES University Center, in the city of Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, while attending the subject of Operational Research. The theoretical basis lies on Ausubel's (1968, 2003) significant apprenticeship theory, on the operational research and its solving tools, mainly the LINDO software, as well as on mathematic modeling. Methodologically, subsumer evaluation instruments related to the modeling capacity of linear programming problems were applied. Due to the lack of some subsumers, advanced organizers were used that served as pedagogical mechanisms in order to establish relationships between what the students already knew and what the should know. Later, each student developed, at least, two mathematic models and two conceptual maps, the first being at the research commencement, and the others at its end. As a result, it was noted that the mathematic modeling environment suggested by Barbosa (2006) favored the observation of a significant apprenticeship (AUSUBEL, 2003) of linear programming when the students abstracted and solved corporative problem situations with the help of the LINDO software. The final mathematic models evolved presenting, in most cases, more variables and restrictions. Through of mathematic models and conceptual maps, it was possible to observe some evidences relative to business administrator's professional requirement, such as the capacity of identifying and solving problems and finding solutions, and the capacity of thinking strategically and introducing modifications into the productive process. It is necessary to be emphasized that the mathematic models illustrate the student's knowledge. Therefore, they are different, have different levels and reflect the idiosyncrasy of the teaching-learning process, as postulated by Moreira (2005) and Biembengut (2003).

Esta Dissertação tem como objetivos identificar e analisar os discursos da masculinidade presentes no livro didático "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos", organizado pelo engenheiro, educador e escritor brasileiro José Theodoro de Souza Lobo. Esse livro, editado pela Livraria Selbach & CIA, foi aprovado pelo Conselho de Instrução e por uma comissão da Escola Militar do Rio Grande do Sul para ser adotado nas escolas públicas e nas escolas particulares nessa Província. Com base nas teorizações sobre as relações de gênero, segundo o viés pós-estruturalista, metodologicamente, foi desenvolvido um movimento que denominei analítico-descritivo-analítico, documentando e sistematizando o conjunto de informações focadas nesse livro didático e ampliadas por demais fontes, entre elas, legislação da época, cartas-parecer e manual de civilidade. Essas fontes, necessárias ao objetivo em questão, foram tomadas como monumentos no sentido foucaultiano. A escolha do livro didático "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos" deu-se por considerá-lo um artefato cultural, compreendendo que nele circularam discursos que implicaram - direta ou indiretamente - a produção de identidades de gênero, de acordo com determinados modos de ser menino. Foram estabelecidos quatro focos de análise: O ensino de Matemática no livro didático "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos", em que descrevo e analiso alguns aspectos em relação aos conteúdos desenvolvidos nos três primeiros capítulos do livro; O nome de autor, em que examino de que maneira, em que condições e segundo quais regras foi produzido, utilizado e valorizado o livro didático "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos"; A inferiorização da identidade feminina, em que verifico que saberes foram produzidos e veiculados através do livro didático de Matemática sobre feminilidades, determinando "modos de ser mulher"; A constituição da masculinidade, em que analiso a contribuição desse livro didático no fortalecimento de uma educação diferenciada para meninos, problematizando as significações criadas sobre "modos de ser menino" dados como normais, corretos, naturais, únicos. Por fim, concluo que esse livro didático, através de um conhecimento matemático - Aritmética - desenvolvido para meninos, permitiu a circulação de discursos que contribuíram para a produção de masculinidades, em consonância com o proposto pela legislação e pelas orientações estabelecidas nos manuais de civilidade da época. / This dissertation aims at both identifying and analyzing discourses of masculinity in the didactic book named "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos", organized by the engineer, educator and writer José Theodoro de Souza Lobo. This book, published by Livraria Selbach & CIA, was approved by Conselho de Instrução and a commission from Escola Militar do Rio Grande do Sul to be adopted in public and private schools in that province. Based on theories about gender relations, according to the post-structuralist view, in terms of methodology, I have developed a movement that I have characterized as analytical-descriptive-analytical, documenting and systematizing the set of information focused on that didactic book and broadened with the help of other sources, such as regulations, reports and civility handbooks that were current at the time of its publication. Those sources, which have been necessary to the achievement of the objective of this study, have been taken as monuments, in the Foucauldian sense. The didactic book "Primeira Arithmetica para Meninos" has been regarded as a cultural artifact that spread contents implying - both directly and indirectly - the production of gender identities, in accordance with certain ways of being a boy. Four focuses have been set for analysis: 1) Mathematics teaching in the didactic book "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos", in which I have described and analyzed some aspects of the contents developed in the first three chapters of the book; 2) The author's name, in which I have examined how, and under which conditions and regulations, the didactic book "Primeira Arithmetica Para Meninos" was produced, used and valued; 3) Lowering of the female identity, in which I have observed which knowledges were produced and spread through the Mathematics didactic book concerning femininities, thus determining "ways of being a woman"; and 4) The constitution of masculinity, in which I have both analyzed the contribution of this book towards the strengthening of a differentiated education for boys, and problematized significations created about "ways of being a boy" taken as normal, correct, natural, and unique. Finally, I have concluded that this didactic book, through a mathematical knowledge - Arithmetic - developed for boys, allowed for the circulation of discourses that contributed to the production of masculinities, in accordance with what was proposed by regulations and guidelines pointed out in civility handbooks from that time.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:15:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSSANA CARLA DA FONSECA1.pdf: 2830547 bytes, checksum: d30ae61b9900bb1b38a9ab7979c45545 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-02 / This dissertation has how I aim to analyse my teaching action in classrooms of mathematics, which implacate the use of two types of electronic plays in computerized environment. For so much, there were observed the actions and reactions of the students while using the electronic plays, the demonstration of the thought, of the reasoning and of strategies for the solution of the considered problems. The methodology of this inquiry was characterized for the qualitative nature to the molds of the inquiry-action in a narrative kind, being developed by the bibliographical inquires and of field. The collection of the data was carried out through semi-structured interview devoted to nine pertaining students to two classes of 5 th grades of the basic teaching, in this second phase. The analysis of the results and of the observations in the classroom made possible to conclude that the plays, in a general way, and the electronic ones, of specific form, can be used like useful tools in mathematic teaching, providing a pleasurable learning, under the discerning direction of the teacher. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a minha ação docente em aulas de matemática, que implicam a utilização de dois tipos de jogos eletrônicos em ambiente informatizado. Para tanto, foram observadas as ações e reações dos educandos ao utilizarem os jogos eletrônicos, a manifestação do pensamento, do raciocínio e de estratégias para a solução dos problemas encontrados. A metodologia desta pesquisa caracterizou-se pela natureza qualitativa - aos moldes da pesquisa-ação - numa modalidade narrativa, desenvolvendo-se pelas pesquisas bibliográficas e de campo. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada aplicada a nove sujeitos pertencentes a duas classes de 5ª série do ensino fundamental, em sua segunda fase. A análise dos resultados e das observações em sala de aula possibilitou concluir que os jogos, de uma maneira geral, e os eletrônicos, de forma específica, podem ser utilizados como ferramentas úteis no ensino da Matemática, proporcionando um aprendizado prazeroso, sob a orientação criteriosa do professor.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:32:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 parente_mg_me_rcla.pdf: 1231513 bytes, checksum: a95d864ab76f8e8c71f6960f9ddcc4f2 (MD5) / Este trabalho tomou como norte a pergunta qual o significado do ato educador do professor de matemática em uma escola destinada a trabalhar com jovens em cumprimento de medidas sócio- educativas? . Foi relatada a experiência vivida em uma escola do Rio de Janeiro, que tem por objetivo trabalhar com jovens que estão em conflito com a lei. Foi descrita a ação conjunta de duas Secretarias de Estado a de Justiça e a de Educação, mostrando o trabalho isolado de cada uma, a situação de estranhamento dos professores da educação e a ação de vigilância dos agentes da Justiça. Foram evidenciadas as situações de ensino, em ambiente desprovido de liberdade, e descrita a dinâmica do cotidiano de professores, alunos e agentes da justiça. Foram efetuadas descrições e análises de relatos e por fim foi apresentada a compreensão da educação que se deu nessa situação, caracterizada como abertura para possibilidades educadoras que ocorrem ao se estar com o outro, de modo atento, transcendendo a situação educar/vigiar, que caracteriza a falta de liberdade. / The research question that guided this study was What is the meaning of the educational act for a mathematics teacher in a school for youth who are completing a social-educational penal sentence? I report on an experience in a school in Rio de Janeiro whose objective is to work with youth who are in conflict with the law. A joint action by two State Secretaries was described, the Secretaries of Justice and of Education, showing the isolated work of each, the strange situation for the teachers from Education, and the guard actions of the agents from Justice. The teaching situations were shown, in an environment without liberty, and the daily dynamic of the teachers, the students, and the agents was described. Descriptions and analyses of the reports were carried out, and finally a comprehension of the education that took place in this situation was presented, characterized as an opening for educational possibilities that occur when being with the other, in an attentive fashion, transcending the educate/guard situation that characterizes the lack of liberty.