NiTiHf high temperature shape memory alloys are attractive due to their high operating temperatures (>100 oC) and acceptable transformation strain compared to NiTi. However, NiTiHf has limitations due to their lack of ductility and low strength, resulting in poor shape memory properties. In this study, Pd has been added to NiTiHf alloys in an attempt to improve their shape memory behavior. A combined approach of quaternary alloying and precipitation strengthening was used. The characterization of a Ni45.3Ti29.7Hf20Pd5 (at. %) polycrystalline alloy was performed in compression after selected aging treatments. Transmission electron microscopy was used to reveal the precipitation characteristics. Differential scanning calorimetry, load-biased (constant stress) thermal cycling experiments and isothermal stress cycling (superelasticity) tests were utilized to investigate the effects of aging temperature and time. The crystal structure and lattice parameters were determined from X-ray diffraction analysis. Significant improvement in the shape memory properties of Ni45.3Ti29.7Hf20Pd5 was obtained through precipitation strengthening. The effects of chemical composition (effects of Hf content replacing with Ti) on the shape memory properties of NiTiHfPd alloys were also revealed. Orientation dependence of the shape memory properties in aged Ni45.3Ti29.7Hf20Pd5 single crystals were investigated along the [111], [011] and [-117] orientations. The shape memory properties were determined to be strong functions of orientation and aging condition. A perfect superelastic behavior (with no irrecoverable strain) with 4.2 % recoverable compressive strain was obtained in the solutionized condition at stress levels as high as 2.5 GPa while 2 % shape memory strain under a bias stress of 1500 MPa was possible in an aged [111] oriented single crystal. A mechanical hysteresis of 1270 MPa at -30 oC, which is the largest mechanical hysteresis that the authors are aware of in the SMA literature, was observed along the [111] orientation. Finally, thermodynamic analyses were conducted to reveal the relationships between microstructure (e.g. precipitate size and interparticle distances) and martensitic transformations in Ni45.3Ti29.7Hf20Pd5 SMAs. Precipitate characteristics were found to be effective on the elastic energies for nucleation, propagation with dissipation energy and these energies influenced the TTs and the constant stress shape memory properties in Ni45.3Ti29.7Hf20Pd5 alloys.

Brazing, as a type of joining process, is widely used in manufacturing industries to join individual components of a structure. Structural reliability of a brazed assembly is strongly dependent on the joint mechanical properties. In the present work, mechanical reliability of low carbon steel brazed joints with copper filler metal is investigated and a methodology for failure analysis of brazed joints using the cohesive zone model (CZM) is presented. Mechanical reliability of the brazed joints is characterized by strength and toughness. Uniaxial and biaxial strengths of the joints are evaluated experimentally and estimated by finite element method using the ABAQUS software. Microstructural analysis of the joint fracture surfaces reveals different failure mechanisms of dimple rupture and dendritic failure. Resistance of the brazed joints against crack propagation, evaluated by the single-parameter fracture toughness criterion, shows dependency on the specimen geometry and loading configuration. Fracture of the brazed joints and the subsequent ductile tearing process are investigated using a two-parameter CZM. The characterizing model parameters of the cohesive strength and cohesive energy are identified by a four-point bend fracture test accompanied with corresponding FE simulation. Using the characterized CZM, the joint fracture behavior under tensile loading is well estimated. Predictability of the developed cohesive zone FE model for fracture analysis of brazed joints independent of geometry and loading configuration is validated. The developed cohesive zone FE model is extended to fatigue crack growth analysis in brazed joints. A cyclic damage evolution law is implemented into the cohesive zone constitutive model to irreversibly account for the joint stiffness degradation over the number of cycles. Fatigue failure behavior of the brazed joints is characterized by performing fully reversed strain controlled cyclic tests. The damage law parameters are calibrated based on the analytical solutions and the experimental fatigue crack growth data. The characterized irreversible CZM shows applicability to fatigue crack growth life prediction of brazed joints.

La cavité abdominale présente des organes nobles richement vascularisés qui possèdent une mobilité et une inertie importantes. Au cours des AVP, le niveau élevé d'accélération peut conduire à des arrachements de leurs systèmes d'attaches (dont les vaisseaux sanguins). L'objectif de ce projet est de comprendre comment prendre en compte les interactions et la mobilité des organes abdominaux pour évaluer leur influence sur les mécanismes lésionnels. Pour cela, nous avons tout d'abord caractérisé le comportement du ligament gastro-colique en traction jusqu'à la rupture. Son comportement hyperélastique a été relevé ainsi que sa sensibilité à la vitesse de déformation. Ensuite, nous avons étudié l'avulsion de la rate avec une approche couplant expérimentation et simulation numérique. Cela a permis d'identifier le comportement hyperélastique faiblement non linéaire du ligament pancréatico-splénique. Au travers de l'approche numérique, nous avons pu conclure que la modélisation de la jonction pancréatico-splénique doit s'appuyer sur la modélisation des structures vasculaires, mais doit également intégrer les tissus connectifs et leurs interactions avec les organes adjacents. Enfin nous avons amélioré la modélisation des interactions et de la mobilité des organes dans le modèle préexistant MELBA sur les résultats obtenus précédemment. La cinématique des organes a été évaluée par une étude comparative de la mobilité avec la première version du modèle. Ce modèle ainsi amélioré permet une meilleure représentativité des mécanismes lésionnels de la cavité abdominale en soulignant le rôle prépondérant de leurs systèmes d'attaches lors d'un traumatisme. / The abdominal cavity presents noble and richly vascular organs which have an important mobility and inertia. During road accidents, the high level of acceleration may lead up to tearing of their attachments systems (including blood vessels) and therefore to serious haemorrhages. The target of this project is to understand how to take into account the interactions and the mobility of the abdominal organs in order to be able to assess their influence on the mechanisms of injury. Therefore, we have first of all characterized the performance of the gastro-colic ligament in uniaxial tension until the failure. We noted down its hyper-elastic performance as well as its sensitivity to strain rate. Afterwards, we studied the splenic avulsion with an approach combining experiments and numerical simulation. This has made it possible to identify the slightly nonlinear hyper-elastic performance of the pancreatico-splenic ligament. Through the numerical approach, we could conclude that the modelling of the pancreatico-splenic junction should rely on the modelling of the vascular structures, but should also integrate the connective tissues and their interactions with the adjacent organs. At last we improved the modelling of the interactions and of the organs' mobility in the pre-existing model MELBA upon the results obtained previously. The organs' kinematics was assessed through a comparative study of the mobility with the first version of the model. This model thereby improved allows a better representativeness of the mechanisms of injury of the abdominal cavity by highlighting the important role of their attachments systems during trauma.

Submitted by EDUARDO DA SILVA PINTO null (falecom_edu@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-11T16:16:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Revisada.pdf: 15135107 bytes, checksum: 771e35a4fe6f9c0ef2e875ce1487b7c4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-12T16:15:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_es_me_bauru.pdf: 15135107 bytes, checksum: 771e35a4fe6f9c0ef2e875ce1487b7c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-12T16:15:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_es_me_bauru.pdf: 15135107 bytes, checksum: 771e35a4fe6f9c0ef2e875ce1487b7c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-16 / No presente trabalho são propostos métodos de ensaio para caracterização física e mecânica de solo-cimento compactado. Para que esse objetivo seja alcançado, é proposto um novo modelo de molde, para produção de corpos de prova, tornando os ensaios mais práticos e confiáveis, com intuito de incentivar o uso de técnicas de construção civil que gerem menos impactos ambientais negativos. Além disso, através dos resultados obtidos, pretendeu-se produzir subsídios para futuras discussões com outros pesquisadores, com intuito de que seja feita uma revisão das normas brasileiras de solo-cimento, junto a Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT). Os resultados obtidos através dos ensaios realizados com o novo molde são promissores no que diz respeito a facilitar o processo de caracterização física e mecânica do material, mantendo um nível de confiabilidade compatível com o obtido através da metodologia atual. / In this research we propose a new methodology for testing physical and mechanical characterization of rammed earth stabilized with cement. For this objective to be achieved, it proposes a new mold for the production of test specimens, making it more practical and reliable, aiming to encourage the use of construction techniques that generate less negative environmental impacts. In addition, through the results obtained, we intend to generate a basis for future discussions with other researchers, with an objective to a revision of Brazilian soil-cement standards, with the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - ABNT. Results obtained from the tests performed with the new mold are promising with regard to facilitate the process of physical and mechanical characterization of the material while maintaining a reliability level consistent with that obtained over the current methodology.

nÃo hà / A reduÃÃo das temperaturas de usinagem e de compactaÃÃo de misturas asfÃlticas à considerada uma alternativa na produÃÃo de revestimentos asfÃlticos, podendo proporcionar vantagens tÃcnicas, econÃmicas e ambientais. Diversas tecnologias sÃo utilizadas na produÃÃo dessas misturas denominadas usualmente de misturas asfÃlticas mornas. Esta pesquisa se propÃs a comparar algumas destas tecnologias com uma mistura asfÃltica que foi produzida na temperatura obtida atravÃs da curva de viscosidade versus temperatura para o ligante asfÃltico, a qual à comumente utilizada na produÃÃo de misturas asfÃlticas a quente. O ligante utilizado foi o Cimento AsfÃltico de PetrÃleo classificado por penetraÃÃo como CAP 50-70. A mistura denominada âControleâ refere-se Ãquela em que nÃo ocorreu nenhum tipo de modificaÃÃo (ligante e/ou processo de produÃÃo) enquanto que outros dois tipos de misturas estudadas foram produzidas modificando-se o CAP 50-70 original com dois aditivos diferentes. Uma quarta mistura foi produzida com agregado Ãmido com 2%. As misturas avaliadas foram elaboradas contendo em sua composiÃÃo: (i) CAP puro; (ii) CAP c/ um aditivo surfactante comercial denominado GemulÂ; (iii) CAP com cera de carnaÃba do tipo CT4; (iv) CAP puro com a inserÃÃo de agregado miÃdo Ãmido. Os ligantes e os agregados foram caracterizados de acordo com as especificaÃÃes vigentes. Para proporcionar uma maior resistÃncia à deformaÃÃo permanente, especialmente na fase de compactaÃÃo da mistura optou-se por utilizar a metodologia Bailey para gerar uma curva granulomÃtrica com maior intertravamento entre os agregados. A definiÃÃo da temperatura de compactaÃÃo dos corpos de prova se deu pelos parÃmetros CDI e TDIm procurando-se obter valores de trabalhabilidade semelhantes Ãqueles encontrados na mistura de controle e que, simultaneamente, se mostrassem em condiÃÃes adequadas para resistir à deformaÃÃo permanente. Estes parÃmetros (CDI e TDIm) sÃo calculados por meio da saÃda de dados do compactador giratÃrio Superpave, tendo sido escolhido por este motivo, o mÃtodo de dosagem Superpave. Com o intuito de se avaliar o efeito da reduÃÃo de temperatura e a influÃncia dos aditivos no comportamento mecÃnico das misturas asfÃlticas, as mesmas foram submetidas a ensaios relacionados à resistÃncia a deformaÃÃo permanente, fadiga, rigidez e sensibilidade ao dano por umidade. Pode-se dizer que todas as misturas modificadas se comportaram de forma semelhante Ãquela mistura produzida sem qualquer alteraÃÃo no ligante ou na temperatura de produÃÃo e compactaÃÃo. Buscou-se tambÃm avaliar os custos de cada mistura com o intuito de se verificar a viabilidade econÃmica das amostras estudadas. Como jà era esperado, a mistura com agregado Ãmido gerou o menor custo, por nÃo ter utilizado aditivo e pela reduÃÃo das temperaturas. A mistura com o aditivo Gemul gerou um custo praticamente igual aquele encontrado para a mistura de Controle, enquanto que a mistura com a Cera CT4 sofreu um acrÃscimo de custo em cerca de 6% se comparado com a mistura de Controle. Espera-se que esta pesquisa juntamente com outras jà publicadas no Brasil possam demonstrar que as misturas mornas podem nÃo somente contribuir para mitigaÃÃo de danos ambientais, mas tambÃm que apresentam viabilidade tÃcnica e econÃmica para serem produzidas no paÃs / The reduction in mixing and compaction temperatures of asphalt mixtures is considered an alternative for the production of asphalt pavements and can offer technical economical and environmental advantages. Several technologies are used in the production of these mixtures usually called warm mix asphalt (WMA). This research aimed to compare some of these technologies with a hot mix asphalt produced at the temperature obtained from the commonly used viscosity versus temperature curve. The binder used was the AC classified by penetration as AC 50-70. The so called "Control mix" refers to the mix that was no was (binder and / or production process) while the other two mixtures studied were produced by modifying the original AC 50-70 with two different additives. A 4th mixture was produced with 2% moisture. Thus, the mixtures studied were distributed as follows: (i) Pure AC; (ii) AC with commercial surfactant additive known as GemulÂ; (iii) AC with carnauba wax CT4; (iv) Pure AC with moist aggregates. The binders and the aggregates were characterized according to current Brazilian specifications. To provide greater resistance to permanent deformation especially during compaction the Bailey methodology was used to generate the gradation curve. Thus, more interlocking between the aggregates was expected. The compaction temperature of the specimens was determined by CDI and TDIm parameters, seeking to obtain similar workability to the control mixture and that simultaneously show themselves in appropriate conditions to resist permanent deformation. These parameters (CDI and TDIm) are calculated from output data from the gyratory compactor, and for this reason the Superpave design method was used. To evaluate the effect of temperature reduction and different additives on mechanical properties, tests related to mixture permanent deformation, stiffness and sensitivity to moisture damage were performed. After comparison and analysis of the mechanical tests, an assessment of costs of each mixture was performed to evaluate the economic viability of the studied samples. It can be said that all modified mixtures behaved in a similar manner to the mixture produced with no modification in the binder or in mix/compaction temperature. It is attempted to perform a cost assessment of each mixture in order to evaluate the economic viability. As expected, the mixture with moist aggregate had the lowest value, for not having used additive and due to temperature reduction. The mixture with the additive Gemul had almost the same cost of the control mixture, while the mixture with wax CT4 had the cost increased by about 6% compared to the Control mixture. It is expected this research along with others already published in Brazil can demonstrate that WMA not only contributes to the environmental damage mitigation, but also presents technical and economic advantages and, therefore it is a technique that can be used in this country to be produced

Owing the capability of recovering large deformations through reversible phase transformation, shape memory alloys (SMAs) are well-known for their unique behaviors such as shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE), which can also be characterized by instrumented indentation techniques. Nickel titanium (NiTi) SMAs have been extensively used for nano/micro-indentation studies and widely applied to biomedical and other elaborate medical devices. In this study, indentation responses of NiTi, NiTiHf, NiTiHfPd and NiTiHfCu alloys were investigated using spherical and Berkovich indenters at room temperature. Spherical and Berkovich indentation hardness, modulus, and work/depth recoverable ratio of these NiTi-based alloys were revealed as a function of maximum loading level at nano and macro scales. It has been revealed that indentation responses are highly composition, aging and load level dependent. Perfect work/depth recovery was observed in superelastic NiTiHfPd alloys using the spherical indenter. Temperature-dependent shape memory properties of equiatomic NiTi, Nickel rich NiTi, and as-received and aged NiTiHf alloys were investigated using a spherical indenter between 30-340 ºC under selected load levels. Ti-6Al-4V was also tested for comparison. Spherical indentation response of aged high temperature NiTiHf alloys showed a clear relationship between the work recoverable ratio and transformation temperatures, superelastic and plastic behavior. It was concluded that indentation response can be used to measure local superelasticity response, determine phase transformation temperatures and reveal the temperature intervals of the deformation mechanisms of shape memory alloys. Spherical indentation hardness and modulus as a function of temperature can be used to exam the phase transformation, but cannot provide sufficient information regarding the superelastic and plastic behavior. Orientation dependence of the shape memory properties in aged Nickel rich Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 single crystals were investigated along the [100], [110] and [111] orientations under room and high temperatures through indentation techniques. Indentation hardness, modulus and work /depth recoverable ratio were investigated as a function of temperature and indentation depth/load. It was found that indentation response of work recovery ratio is orientation independent, however, shape memory properties (e.g. transformation temperatures) determined from the indentation responses are almost orientation independent.

Ces travaux de thèse présentent le développement de capteurs à ondes acoustiques, plus particulièrement de capteurs à ondes de Love, à l’aide de matériaux mésoporeux. La première partie de ces travaux a porté sur la mise au point d’une méthode de caractérisation du module de rigidité d’un film mésoporeux déposé sur un capteur et soumis à un flux d’humidité. Le banc de mesure développé permet d’effectuer simultanément des mesures acoustiques et ellipsométriques. Les variations du module de rigidité d’un film mésoporeux d’oxyde de titane en fonction du taux d’humidité ont ensuite été calculées à l’aide d’une procédure d’ajustement de courbe entre les résultats expérimentaux et un modèle numérique dédié modélisant la propagation des ondes de Love dans la structure multicouche. Nous avons ainsi montré que l’influence de la sorption sur le comportement mécanique d’un film mésoporeux est un facteur important à prendre en compte, notamment lors de la conception de micro-capteurs. Par la suite, des dispositifs recouverts de SiO2 et de TiO2 mésoporeux ont été développés pour différentes applications: la détection de composés organiques volatils, la détection d’espèces biologiques et le suivi d’une réaction de photocatalyse. Enfin, nous avons réalisé des capteurs recouverts d’une unique couche mésoporeuse de TiO2 assurant simultanément les fonctions de guide d’onde et de couche sensible, permettant d’augmenter de manière significative la sensibilité du capteur. / This research thesis presents the development of acoustic wave sensors, particularly Love wave sensors, using mesoporous materials. The first part of this work has focused on the development of a method to characterize the stiffness modulus of a mesoporous film, deposited on a sensor, and under humidity exposure. The experimental setup allows simultaneous acoustic and ellipsometric measurements. Changes in the stiffness modulus of a mesoporous titania film as a function of humidity were calculated using a curve-fitting procedure between experimental results and a numerical model dedicated to modeling the Love waves propagation in the structure. We have shown that the influence of sorption on the mechanical behavior of a mesoporous film is an important factor to consider, especially in the design of micro-sensors. Subsequently, devices coated with SiO2 and TiO2 mesoporous were developed for different applications: the detection of volatile organic compounds, the detection of biological species and the monitoring of a photocatalysis reaction. Finally, we realized sensors coated with a single layer of mesoporous TiO2 that performs the functions of waveguide and sensitive layer, which enable to increase significantly the sensor sensitivity.

De nos jours la quasi-totalité des grandes métropoles du monde comptent avec des réseaux de transport étendus et ont pour la plupart satisfait leurs besoins de construction d’ouvrages souterrains. Cependant le parc des ouvrages existants est vieillissant et une part importante est en service depuis plusieurs décennies, par conséquence, l’entretien et la pérennisation des infrastructures souterraines existantes un enjeu majeur pour la gestion et le développement des villes. En vue d’améliorer leur politique de maintenance, c’est-à-dire pérenniser leur patrimoine et le maintenir dans de bonnes conditions de sécurité et d’exploitation, il est nécessaire que les gestionnaires d’ouvrages puissent mettre à jour leurs techniques de diagnostic (AFTES, 2005). Il est donc impératif de disposer d’outils leur permettant de mieux évaluer l’état réel des ouvrages. Or les méthodes dont disposent à l’heure actuelle les gestionnaires sont le plus souvent soit insuffisantes pour apporter une information quantitative de qualité, soit mal adaptées aux contraintes de ces ouvrages. Dans ce contexte, le projet ANR MéDiTOSS « Méthodologie de Diagnostic des Tunnels et Ouvrages Souterrains en Service » vise à développer une nouvelle méthodologie de diagnostic adaptée à ce type d’ouvrage en caractérisant les différents composants de l’ouvrage (structure du revêtement, terrain encaissant ainsi que leur interface ou contact). L’objectif de cette thèse est de fournir au gestionnaire des indicateurs physiques et mécaniques lui permettant d’orienter sa politique de maintenance en s’appuyant sur une expertise plus certaine. / Maintenance and sustainability of underground structures are the major tasks for infrastructures’ owners. To carry out these tasks, managers need to qualify the actual state of these facilities. There are very few operational methods to describe separately each component of an underground structure (structure lining, contact interface and surrounding soil). Most of them are mainly based on visual inspection. Nevertheless only the intrados of the tunnel is open to visual inspection. To improve their maintenance policy, that is to say sustain their heritage and keep it in good conditions of safety and operational, it is necessary that manager’s can update their diagnosis methods (AFTES, 2005). It is therefore imperative to have tools to better assess the actual condition of structures. However, the methods available at present managers are often either insufficient to provide quantitative information quality or poorly adapted to the constraints of these works. In this context, the ANR project MéDiTOSS "Methodology Diagnostic Tunnels and Underground Structures in Service" aims to develop a new diagnostic methodology adapted to this type of work characterizing the various components of the structure (structure of the lining, enclosing soil and their interface or contact). The objective of this thesis is to provide to the managers of physical and mechanical indicators that will guide its maintenance policy based on a certain expertise.

Nous étudions la déformation d'une capsule dans un canal microftuidique expérimentalement et numériquement. L'écoulement des rnicrocapsules est d'abord étudié numériquement dans un canal droit à section carrée. L'objectif est de développer une méthode de caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de la membrane des capsules, à partir de leur déformation dans le canal. Nous avons mis en place une méthode d’identification afin de comparer la déformation des capsules observée expérimentalement et celle prédite par un modèle numérique tridimensionnel correspondant. La précision et la robustesse de l'algorithme d'analyse inverse ont été étudiées en faisant varier légèrement la géométrie des canaux. Finalement, la méthode a été utilisée afin de déterminer les propriétés mécaniques de rnicrocapsules dont la membrane est faite d’albumine réticulée. Nous avons ensuite appliqué une méthode de décomposition orthogonale aux valeurs propres (POD) aux formes prises par les capsules lors de leur passage dans un canal droit ou bifurqué. Des données numériques ont d 'abord été utilisées afin de déterminer la dimension de la variété des formes prises par une capsule dans un canal droit. La base POD ainsi construite a été utilisée pour interpoler les formes et obtenir la déformation d'une capsule à tous les temps, et pour tout paramètre d’écoulement. Nous avons également étudié expérimentalement les microcapsules lors de leur déformation dans un canal bifurqué. Nous avons ainsi obtenu les premiers résultats qualitatifs pour cette configuration. Nous avons développé un programme de détection de contour semi-automatique afin de faciliter le traitement d’image. Enfin, nous avons appliqué la méthode POD sur ces contours 2D réalistes et ainsi démontré la faisabilité d'utiliser une base réduite POD pour décrire la déformation de capsules clans un canal bifurqué. / The motion and deformation of a liquid-filled classic microcapsule flowing in microchannels is investigated bath experimentally and numerically. The flow of capsules into a straight microfluidic channel with a square cross-section is firstly studied. The objective is to develop a method to determine the mechanical properties of the capsule membrane from its hydrodynamic deformation. A method of identification has been devised to compare the particle deformed shape measured experimentally in the microchannels to the ones predicted by a three-dimensional numerical model for the same configuration. The precision and robustness of the inverse analysis algorithm have been tested when the microfluidic channels slightly depart from pure squareness. We have finally applied the method on microcapsules with a membrane made of reticulated albumin and determined their rnechanical properties. A Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) has then been applied to the shapes assumed by the capsules while flowing in either a straight or bi­ furcated channel. Using numerical data in a straight channel, we have determined the dimension of the capsule shape variety. We have then interpolated the coefficients resulting from the POD analysis to compute the capsule deformed shape at any time for any flow parameter. Capsules have finally been investigated flowing in a bifurcated microchannel. Qualitative results of the motion and deformation of capsules in such channel have been obtained. A semi-automatic contour detection program has been developed to improve the image analysis. The POD method has been applied to the experimental results, thus proving the feasibility of building a reduced-order model of the phenomenon by using a POD reduced basis.

This study provides an overview of the implementation of a nonlinear microstructural constitutive model in ABAQUS employing a user subroutine at the level of the biomedical engineer. Two different element formulations are employed: a continuum incompressible and a plane stress incompressible. All examples are validated by performing a number of deformations on 2D and 3D square elements and comparing the analytical formulation in a programming language and the user subroutine in ABAQUS. Application models will be presented that provide a deeper look into the impacts of soft tissue deformation, damage, and fracture. Additionally, we investigate the mechanical behavior of skin layers in terms of the nominal stress-strain curve using uniaxial and cyclic loading tests on porcine skin specimens in two forms: dermis integrating epidermis and hypodermis. Experiments were performed on specimens from the belly and breast of the pigs and under both orthogonal orientations with respect to the spine direction. All tests were carried out at room temperature with cyclic loading at a constant strain rate and increasing stretch increments. Finally, data is fitted using microstructural constitutive model.