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New general mechanistic model for predicting civil disturbances and their characteristicsMense, Jelte Pierc January 2017 (has links)
Since the wave of civil violence in the USA in the 1960s, many social theorists have tried to explain why riots occur. Despite at least 50 years of research since then, there is still not enough insight to anticipate large events like the 2011 Arab Spring and London riots. The main goal of this thesis is therefore to improve understanding about how underlying conditions influence and drive riot dynamics, such as the intensity, spread, and duration. I develop a new mechanistic and stochastic agent-based model for riots. Previous models have either only targeted general phenomena associated with riots, or aimed at behaviour specific to a single event. In this thesis I combine both approaches: I demonstrate how the model in which the motivation of the agents is based on general concepts, can be applied to the specific situation of the 2011 London riots. The model reproduces the majority of the behaviour observed in the London riots (r = 0.4-0.8). One of the key factors under investigation is the relationship between protests and outbursts of civil violence. Riots are often preceded by protests, such that a large pool of potential rioters is directly available. I find that the number of times a protest is repeated has greater influence on riot dynamics than the protest crowd size. The support shown during demonstrations might incite false confidence in individuals, potentially leading to quicker escalation. Another question is how contact networks and collective identity influence the spread of violence between different locations. The role of online social media (e.g. Twitter) has been a major focus in trying to explain why the violence in the 2011 Arab spring spread so quickly and so far. I investigate the role of social similarity as another factor that might have contributed to the diffusion of unrest, and demonstrate the existence of a critical transition in riot activity when increasing the density of the contact network in the model. Such increases in density beyond the critical thresholds might have been introduced by online social networks. Finally, I explore the sensitivity to cooperation of different potential riot groups. In some cases, mixed populations with different collective identities can form coalitions within neighbourhoods based on shared grievances, which could lead to increases in riot size and riot probability. I examine the influence of the social structure and spread of these populations over different neighbourhoods, as well as the overlap in grievances and different demographic structures.
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A treatise on Web 2.0 with a case study from the financial marketsSykora, Martin D. January 2012 (has links)
There has been much hype in vocational and academic circles surrounding the emergence of web 2.0 or social media; however, relatively little work was dedicated to substantiating the actual concept of web 2.0. Many have dismissed it as not deserving of this new title, since the term web 2.0 assumes a certain interpretation of web history, including enough progress in certain direction to trigger a succession [i.e. web 1.0 → web 2.0]. Others provided arguments in support of this development, and there has been a considerable amount of enthusiasm in the literature. Much research has been busy evaluating current use of web 2.0, and analysis of the user generated content, but an objective and thorough assessment of what web 2.0 really stands for has been to a large extent overlooked. More recently the idea of collective intelligence facilitated via web 2.0, and its potential applications have raised interest with researchers, yet a more unified approach and work in the area of collective intelligence is needed. This thesis identifies and critically evaluates a wider context for the web 2.0 environment, and what caused it to emerge; providing a rich literature review on the topic, a review of existing taxonomies, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the concept itself, an investigation of the collective intelligence potential that emerges from application usage. Finally, a framework for harnessing collective intelligence in a more systematic manner is proposed. In addition to the presented results, novel methodologies are also introduced throughout this work. In order to provide interesting insight but also to illustrate analysis, a case study of the recent financial crisis is considered. Some interesting results relating to the crisis are revealed within user generated content data, and relevant issues are discussed where appropriate.
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From sunrise to sunset: Exploring landscape preference through global reactions to ephemeral events captured in georeferenced social mediaDunkel, Alexander, Hartmann, Maximilian C., Hauthal, Eva, Burghardt, Dirk, Purves, Ross S. 07 November 2024 (has links)
Events profoundly influence human-environment interactions. Through repetition, some events manifest and amplify collective behavioral traits, which significantly affects landscapes and their use, meaning, and value. However, the majority of research on reaction to events focuses on case studies, based on spatial subsets of data. This makes it difficult to put observations into context and to isolate sources of noise or bias found in data. As a result, inclusion of perceived aesthetic values, for example, in cultural ecosystem services, as a means to protect and develop landscapes, remains problematic. In this work, we focus on human behavior worldwide by exploring global reactions to sunset and sunrise using two datasets collected from Instagram and Flickr. By focusing on the consistency and reproducibility of results across these datasets, our goal is to contribute to the development of more robust methods for identifying landscape preference using geo-social media data, while also exploring motivations for photographing these particular events. Based on a four facet context model, reactions to sunset and sunrise are explored for Where, Who, What, and When. We further compare reactions across different groups, with the aim of quantifying differences in behavior and information spread. Our results suggest that a balanced assessment of landscape preference across different regions and datasets is possible, which strengthens representativity and exploring the How and Why in particular event contexts. The process of analysis is fully documented, allowing transparent replication and adoption to other events or datasets.
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Activation of Place : Curating Site-Specific Art at the Luleå Biennial in 2018 and 2020 / Aktivering av Plats : Curering av Platsspecifik Konst vid Luleåbiennalen 2018 och 2020Nåtoft, Maria January 2023 (has links)
This thesis investigates how site-specific art manifest itself in different ways, specifically in the biennial format. The focus is on the Luleå Biennale, one of Scandinavia's oldest biennales that returns every two years. Through a case study of four different works of art from two of the biennale's editions, two from the year 2018 and two from 2020, I want to broaden the understanding of the concept of site specificity and how to curate such an exhibition. The theory is based on Miwon Kwon's One Place to Another: Site-Specific Art and Locational identity (2004) and Nick Kaye's Site-Specific Art: Performance, Place and Documentation (2000) which deal with the concept of site specificity and its various expressions. The questions that arose were centered around research, audience and how art activates the place. Through my investigation, I came to the conclusion that all four artworks are strongly connected to their context, not only the context of the biennial but also the physical location they treated, and that a long process of research made the groundwork for this. One of the works was not newly produced for the place in which it was exhibited, but was realized by translating its original meaning to the place of the biennale with the help of curatorial work. I also come to the conclusion that the audience is of great importance in realizing these site-specific works of art exhibited in places that are otherwise not accessible to the public. The biennale opens up new places and memories. / Denna uppsats är en undersökning av hur platsspecifik konst kan uttrycka sig på olika sätt och specifikt hur det kan se ut i biennalformatet. Fokus ligger på Luleåbiennalen, en av Skandinaviens äldsta biennaler som återkommer vartannat år. Genom en fallstudie på fyra olika konstverk från två av biennalens utgåvor, två från år 2018 och två från 2020, vill jag vidga förståelsen för begreppet platsspecificitet och hur man curerar en sådan utställning. Den grundläggande teorin utgår från Miwon Kwons One Place to Another: Site-Specific Art and Locational identity (2004) och Nick Kayes Site-Specific Art: Performance, Place and Documentation (2000) som behandlar begreppet och dess olika uttryckssätt, vilket ledde till frågor kring research, publik och hur konsten aktiverar platsen. Genom min undersökning kommer jag fram till att alla fyra konstverk är starkt kopplade till sin kontext, inte endast kontexten av en biennal men även den fysiska platsen de behandlar, samt att en lång process av research har lagt grunden för detta. Ett av verken var inte tillverkade för platsen som den ställdes ut på men blev ändå realiserad genom att dess ursprungliga mening översattes till platsen för biennalen, detta med hjälp av curatoriskt arbete. Jag kommer även fram till att publiken utgör en viktig del för att realisera dessa platsspecifika konstverk som ställts ut på platser som annars inte är tillgängliga för allmänheten. Biennalen möjliggör besök av nya platser och minnen.
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A Pedagogy of Holistic Media Literacy: Reflections on Culture Jamming as Transformative Learning and HealingStasko, Carly 14 December 2009 (has links)
This qualitative study uses narrative inquiry (Connelly & Clandinin, 1988, 1990, 2001) and self-study to investigate ways to further understand and facilitate the integration of holistic philosophies of education with media literacy pedagogies. As founder and director of the Youth Media Literacy Project and a self-titled Imagitator (one who agitates imagination), I have spent over 10 years teaching media literacy in various high schools, universities, and community centres across North America. This study will focus on my own personal practical knowledge (Connelly & Clandinin, 1982) as a culture jammer, educator and cancer survivor to illustrate my original vision of a ‘holistic media literacy pedagogy’. This research reflects on the emergence and impact of holistic media literacy in my personal and professional life and also draws from relevant interdisciplinary literature to challenge and synthesize current insights and theories of media literacy, holistic education and culture jamming.
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A Pedagogy of Holistic Media Literacy: Reflections on Culture Jamming as Transformative Learning and HealingStasko, Carly 14 December 2009 (has links)
This qualitative study uses narrative inquiry (Connelly & Clandinin, 1988, 1990, 2001) and self-study to investigate ways to further understand and facilitate the integration of holistic philosophies of education with media literacy pedagogies. As founder and director of the Youth Media Literacy Project and a self-titled Imagitator (one who agitates imagination), I have spent over 10 years teaching media literacy in various high schools, universities, and community centres across North America. This study will focus on my own personal practical knowledge (Connelly & Clandinin, 1982) as a culture jammer, educator and cancer survivor to illustrate my original vision of a ‘holistic media literacy pedagogy’. This research reflects on the emergence and impact of holistic media literacy in my personal and professional life and also draws from relevant interdisciplinary literature to challenge and synthesize current insights and theories of media literacy, holistic education and culture jamming.
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