The thesis explores the intersection between medicine and religion in the context of colonisation in Korea in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. I will focus on the work of medical missionaries from Europe and North America that pursued perfect cleanliness in body, mind and society, including total abstinence and spiritual cleanliness, by spreading biomedical concept of hygiene. One of the points that I will articulate is the ways in which medicine as a colonising force in its own right worked in the mission field to produce 'the docile bodies of people' in the Foucauldian sense. I will argue that what mission medicine in Korea utilised and relied on for its work was a new concept of cleanliness based on biomedical knowledge, the germ theory, rather than the power of colonisation. It was because mission medicine in Korea often worked without collaborating with direct colonial powers. In this sense, Protestant Christianity and biomedicine shared a common foundation in 'cleanliness.' Consequently, I will try to emphasise the multi-dimensional and multi-directional role of the use of cleanliness as an efficacious tool for control of the body. In relation to the historiography of medicine in Korea, I will argue that Confucianism served the social and cultural control of bodies as a medicalised form and that Christianity tried to replace it by providing new knowledge concerning body, disease, health, and cleanliness. In the same respect, I will explore the historical relationship between the germ theory and missionary medicine in Korea. The germ theories of disease were not simply a new etiology but also an effective cultural implement to change people's lives. Thus, the theories did not simply remain in the realm of medicine but were introduced, disseminated, and applied to all matters relating to the body, including its mental and spiritual aspects, through the concept of cleanliness.

Orientadores: Maria Conceição da Costa, Silvia Fernanda de Mendonça Figueiroa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T22:10:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carreta_JorgeAugusto_D.pdf: 1645136 bytes, checksum: 628069139e0969a3c34089c9f3ef44ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo principal desta tese é mostrar o conflituoso processo de aceitação do conhecimento da microbiologia no Brasil entre o final do século XIX e começo do século XX. O foco se concentrou nas polêmicas e controvérsias em torno deste conhecimento entre os cientistas e médicos do Rio de Janeiro. Inicialmente, foram analisados os efeitos da Reforma de 1880 na Faculdade de Medicina, ligada aos projetos de profissionalização dos médicos cariocas, e que ambicionava introduzir os mais recentes avanços da medicina experimental na instituição. O trabalho mostra que essa reforma obteve alguns êxitos, mas teve alcance limitado. Entre as metas não atingidas pelos médicos estava o estabelecimento do consenso acerca do conhecimento que embasaria a sua profissão. Em seguida, essa ausência de consenso é exposta por meio do exame das diversas polêmicas sobre a etiologia, combate e profilaxia das doenças epidêmicas, que assolavam a capital do país desde a década de 1850. Destaque especial foi dado a doenças como a varíola, a febre amarela e o beribéri. Também foi investigada a trajetória do Laboratório de Fisiologia do Museu Nacional, um dos espaços exteriores à Faculdade de Medicina onde se desenvolveram atividades na área de microbiologia. A análise das controvérsias sobre o conhecimento microbiológico, ainda não completamente aceito por todos os médicos e pela sociedade, serviu assim para indicar o grau de experimentalismo e improvisação que ainda marcava a ciência médica no Brasil do último quartel do século XIX. Já no século XX, dois episódios foram escolhidos para continuar a acompanhar esse processo: a fundação do Instituto Soroterápico de Manguinhos (1899) e a Revolta da Vacina (1904). No primeiro caso, foram enfatizadas as dúvidas que rondavam a produção e aplicação de soros curativos. No segundo, foi evidenciada a desconfiança que setores letrados e não letrados tinham do uso da vacina como meio profilático. Finalmente, aponto para a permanência do dissenso sobre a microbiologia nas décadas seguintes usando um debate pouco conhecido da literatura brasileira sobre o tema. Trata-se da disputa entre os partidários das idéias de Louis Pasteur e Antoine Béchap. Este último negava a teoria microbiana das doenças e afirmava que os estados doentios advinham de um desequilíbrio do próprio organismo. Ficou claro que mesmo após fundação do Instituto de Manguinhos, tido por alguns como o marco inicial das atividades científicas no Brasil, a microbiologia ainda levou alguns bons anos para obter o consenso (não absoluto) de que desfruta hoje em dia / Abstract: The main objective of this work is to show the conflictive acceptance process of the microbiology in Brazil in the late XIX and beginnings of XX centuries. The focus was kept in the controversies about this knowledge among the Brazilian scientists and physicians. The first analysis made in this work is the one of the effects of the 1880's reforms in Rio de Janeiro's Medical School that was linked to the profissionalization projects of the Brazilian physicians. This project¿s main goal was to introduce the most recent advances of experimental medicine in that school. The investigation shows that the reform was only partially successful, as they did not achieve a consensus regarding the knowledge that would be the basis of their profession. This lack of consensus is exposed by the analyzes of the polemics about the etiology, combat and prophylaxis of epidemic diseases that had been devastating the capital of the country since 1850. Special prominence is given to illnesses such as smallpox, yellow fever and beriberi. Also the trajectory of the Physiology Laboratory of the National Museum is investigated in this work, known as an outside space to the Medicine School and where activities in the microbiology area were developed. The analyzes of the controversies on the microbiological knowledge, not yet completely accepted by all the doctors and the society, revealed the depth of uncertainty that marked the Brazilian medical science in the last quarter of the XIX century. Already in the XX century, two episodes were chosen to follow this process: the foundation of the Manguinhos Serumtherapeutical Institute (1899) and the Vaccine Revolt (1904). In the first episode, the emphasis is made on the doubts concerning the production and application of serum to cure the epidemic diseases. In the second, there is an exposure of the suspicion of the physicians and population on the vaccine as a way of prophylaxis. Finally, this study shows the permanence of the dissent on the microbiology during the following decades through an almost unknown debate on the history of biology: the dispute between the ideas from Louis Pasteur and the ones from Antoine Béchamp. The last one denied the microbial theory of the illnesses and affirmed that the unhealthy states happens from disequilibrium of the organism itself. The microbiology still took some good years after the foundation of the Manguinhos Institute, fact that would be identified/known by some people as the initial mark of scientific activities in Brazil, to achieve the consensus (not absolute) that it has nowadays / Doutorado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Maria Stella Martins Bresciani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T18:09:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Correia_LucianaCristina_M.pdf: 2587452 bytes, checksum: d3f6b2d40f5947d83d018d008702c96b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente texto de dissertação analisa as relações entre medicina e espaço urbano presentes na cadeira de Higiene da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, no período entre 1918 e 1928. A intenção é acompanhar e analisar o olhar dos médicos pertencentes ao departamento de Higiene para as cidades paulistas. Para tanto, primeiramente, recuperamos aspectos do campo médico paulista no início do século XX, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Analisamos também as mudanças na legislação estadual que deu origem à Faculdade de Medicina, bem como a trajetória da Fundação Rockefeller, pois levamos em consideração o fato de que a cadeira de Higiene possuía um laboratório anexo, o Instituto de Higiene. Tanto a cadeira como o Instituto de Higiene são frutos de um acordo entre a Faculdade de Medicina e a Fundação Rockfeller. Assim, buscamos enfatizar em nossa leitura que a cooperação entre essas duas instituições coaduna-se com a atuação internacional da Fundação Rockefeller. Para analisar especificamente a estrutura da disciplina de Higiene, utilizamos os relatórios dos professores responsáveis pela disciplina no Instituto, enviados à Fundação Rockefeller e também a inspeção sanitária realizada pelo médico Mário da Costa Galvão em Mogi das Cruzes para demonstrar que o olhar dos médicos voltava-se especialmente para os equipamentos sanitários das cidades / Abstract: This text dissertation analyzes the relationship between medicine and urban space in the present chair of Hygiene, Medical School, São Paulo, between 1918 and 1928. The intention is to observe and analyze the look of doctors belonging to the department of Hygiene for the cities of São Paulo. To do so, first, we recover aspects of the medical field São Paulo in the early twentieth century, through literature. We also analyzed changes in state law that gave rise to the Faculty of Medicine as well as the trajectory of the Rockefeller Foundation since we take into consideration the fact that the chair had a laboratory attached, the Institute of Hygiene. Both the chair and the Institute of Hygiene are the result of an agreement between the School of Medicine and the Rockefeller Foundation. So we try to emphasize in our reading that the cooperation between these two institutions is consistent with international operations of the Rockefeller Foundation. To specifically analyze the structure of the discipline of Hygiene, we use the reports of teachers responsible for discipline in the Institute sent to the Rockefeller Foundation and also the sanitary inspection performed by the doctor Mario Costa Galvão in Mogi das Cruzes to demonstrate that physicians look-back especially for sanitation of cities / Mestrado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Mestra em História

This thesis examines women’s experiences of, and attitudes towards, motherhood between 1945 and 1970. The thesis is based on ninety-two oral history interviews with women from different locations in Oxfordshire – rural, urban and suburban. Oral history is a methodology that can provide objective information about women’s lives, but also reveals their thoughts and feelings through the subjectivity of their accounts. The thesis forms a qualitative study looking at six aspects of motherhood. The first is the portrayal of motherhood in contemporary social surveys and community studies. The second is the issue of education for motherhood and questions over whether mothering was innate to women or needed to be taught. Thirdly, the thesis investigates maternity care provision and disputes over who should provide it (namely midwives, GPs or consultants); where this care should take place; and whether pregnancy and childbirth were medical conditions at all. Next it discusses theories of child development and discourses of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ mothers, in order to look at women’s relationship with authorities on childcare. Then it considers critiques of working mothers and debates over whether women should work outside the home; if so, when they should do so; and what strategies they should employ so that work and motherhood could be combined. Finally it analyses popular conceptions of motherhood, marriage and the family, and how the interviewees related to representations of the ideal mother figure during the immediate post-war decades and beyond. The thesis concludes by demonstrating the real difficulties mothers faced during the period 1945-1970; that interviewees from all types of background shared an understanding of how ‘normal’ women should behave; and also that the stereotyping of the period as one of conservatism before the changes that began in the later 1960s and 1970s means the ways in which women were already organising themselves to improve their lives has tended to be disregarded.

This thesis examines the role of microscope technology in informing medical and anatomical knowledge during the Enlightenment. Past historians have claimed that microscopy generally stagnated until the popularisation of achromatic microscopes and cell theory in the middle of the nineteenth century. As evidence for this decline, historians have pointed to the poor quality and slow development of microscope designs until the popularisation of achromatic microscopes in the 1820s. In contrast, this thesis highlights the role of specific Enlightenment-era microscopes in answering medical and anatomical questions. It suggests that medical microscopy was far more advanced than previous scholarship has ascertained. Thus far, instrument historians have focused more attention on competing instrument makers as opposed to rival instrument users. This thesis presents several case studies which explore both makers and users. These concern the histories of Enlightenment-era epidemiology, reproduction theory, anatomy, and physiology as well as the different types of microscopes which influenced these fields. In terms of methodology, this thesis neither follows nor casts doubt on any particular theory of historical development; rather, it attempts to shed further light on available primary sources and their contexts. Presenting key case studies illustrates the difficulties that early microscope users faced in acquiring and publishing new observations. To explore the practice of early microscopy further, this thesis presents re-enactments of these case studies using Enlightenment-era microscopes and modern tissue samples. Thus, this thesis is a call to broaden the scope of primary sources available to historians of science and medicine to include instruments and re-enactments. This thesis finds that technological advances did not correlate to microscopical discovery in medicine or anatomy. Both simple and complex microscope designs aided anatomical and medical research. Broader advances in anatomy, physiology, and medical etiology dictated the utility of medical microscopy. Although various groups, such as the French clinicians, saw little need for microscopy towards the end of the eighteenth century, microscope-based evidence continued to play a diagnostic role among lesser-known practitioners despite its lack of visibility in medical literature.

This thesis investigates several previously neglected networks of imperial tropical medicine (ITM) in Britain and its tropical colonies at the turn of the twentieth-century. It argues for the need to bring back the ‘imperial’ to the study of medicine in colonial localities; and, in doing so, redefines the ‘imperial’ in relation to tropical medicine during this period. To accomplish this, the first part of the thesis considers largely ignored popular networks of ITM, including the 1900 London Livingstone Exhibition; guidebooks and manuals for tropical travel, health and hygiene; and commodities such as Burroughs Wellcome & Co.’s (BWC) Tabloid brand medicine chests and tropical clothing. The second part of the thesis investigates important, but under researched professional networks of ITM, including the training and experiences of non-medical missionaries educated at Livingstone College, London and the London Missionary School of Medicine (LMSM); and the formation and reform of the West African Medical Staff (WAMS). All of the popular and professional networks discussed in this thesis were, for the most part, a response to the urgency generated by domestic and international high politics to ‘improve’ and ‘develop’ Britain’s tropical possessions. While representing a diversity of individuals and interests, one concern that they all shared was the supposed need to preserve Anglo-Saxon health in tropical climates. Such a disparate set of ‘agents of empire’, connected through a common interest, led to a complex set of ideas and practices of ITM, which were informed as much by the environment and climate, as new disciplines such as parasitology. This thesis also demonstrates that a significant fissure existed — within and outside the imperial state — between ideas of ITM and their practice. Ideas of ITM were often aggressively imperial in rhetoric but in practice they generally were not. Therefore, at the start of the twentieth-century ITM was not always working — directly — as a ‘tool of empire’. Nonetheless, this thesis demonstrates that the ‘imperial’ is still the most useful analytical category and organising principle for understanding Western medicine’s relationship to Britain’s tropical possessions during this period. By focusing on both the colony and the metropole, and the uneven power relationship that existed between them, it demonstrates that ideas and practices of medicine and hygiene intended for Britain’s tropical empire were neither colonial nor metropolitan, but imperial.

Observa-se relativa escassez de trabalhos especializados a respeito da reconstrução histórica da institucionalização da Medicina de Adolescentes e da Atenção à Saúde Integral dos Adolescentes, no Estado de São Paulo. Esta lacuna mostra-se ainda maior quando se trata de examinar a implantação desses serviços pioneiros no âmbito das universidades e a maneira como os profissionais responsáveis por esse pioneirismo se posicionavam diante das dificuldades e embates no contexto de suas instituições de ensino, à luz daquele momento histórico: meados da década de 1970, marcado pela ditadura militar no país. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo recuperar as origens da Medicina de Adolescentes em São Paulo, entre as décadas de 1970 a 1990. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, orientado pela análise dos documentos históricos produzidos ao longo das mencionadas décadas acerca da institucionalização da Medicina de Adolescentes e da construção histórico-cultural do adolescente, e pela obtenção de depoimentos dos responsáveis pela implantação dos primeiros serviços de atenção à saúde dos adolescentes no Estado de São Paulo, seja no âmbito da Pediatria, Ginecologia e Obstetrícia e Psiquiatria, seja na área da Saúde Coletiva. Foram realizadas entrevistas, com roteiro semiestruturado, no período de 2009 a 2010, gerando depoimentos pessoais que visaram à recuperação de sentimentos, motivações, dificuldades enfrentadas e entraves institucionais e ideológicos que ocorreram no período da institucionalização da Medicina de Adolescentes e dos programas de saúde pública para essa faixa etária, que não poderiam ser extraídos por meio de documentação escrita. A preocupação com a saúde do adolescente se deu, sobretudo nas décadas de 1970 a 1990, em um momento em que se discutia a efetiva prática da medicina global ou integral ofertada ao indivíduo e se questionava a sua fragmentação efeito colateral da emergência das subespecialidades médicas e da medicalização do sujeito com o advento da medicina tecnológica envolvendo profissionais das áreas clínicas (pediatras, ginecologistas e psiquiatras) e da Saúde Coletiva. No tocante à saúde dos adolescentes, a discussão dos novos paradigmas de saúde fez emergir concepções divergentes entre clínicos e sanitaristas, em relação ao enfoque de atenção integral à saúde. Os sanitaristas e os idealizadores de uma política pública para a adolescência vislumbravam atingir as metas populacionais, baseados em dados epidemiológicos sobre a problemática dos adolescentes. A área clínica, ainda que considerasse as influências externas ao processo de saúde e doença, mantinha seu olhar centrado no indivíduo, nas suas peculiaridades e singularidades, aspecto esse inerente ao seu campo de atuação. Daí as dificuldades de interlocução entre essas duas áreas da saúde, e o embate acadêmico em torno da institucionalização dos programas de atenção à saúde dos adolescentes, o que foi percebido por meio da análise dos depoimentos concedidos. Essa dificuldade de diálogo entre os referidos campos, na trajetória histórica inicial da Medicina de Adolescentes e da Atenção à Saúde Integral ao Adolescente, pode ter gerado entraves e morosidade no processo de implantação de programas e estratégias de obtenção de assistência à saúde de qualidade para essa faixa etária. A reconstrução do passado é necessária para a análise do presente, donde a necessidade de compreensão de alguns aspectos da trajetória da Medicina de Adolescentes em particular, e da Atenção à Saúde dos Adolescentes, em geral, para auxiliar os profissionais de saúde na busca de soluções para as dificuldades enfrentadas no atendimento à saúde desta população. / In light of scarcity of specialized works on the historical reconstruction of the establishment of Adolescent Medicine in particular, and of Adolescents Comprehensive Health Care, in general, in the State of São Paulo, especially as regards implementing these pioneering services within the scope of the universities and also as regards the views of the professionals responsible for such pathbreaking towards the difficulties and resistances within the context of their institutions of education and further in relation to the historical moment considered herein, i.e., mid 70s (characterized by the military dictatorship in the country), the purpose thereof was to recover the origins of Adolescent Medicine in the State of São Paulo between the 70s and the 90s. It regards a qualitative study, oriented by the analysis of the historical documents produced throughout the decades referred to above as regards the establishment of Adolescent Medicine and as regards the historical and cultural development of adolescents, and by gathering testimonies from those responsible for implementing the pioneering services related to adolescents health care in the State of São Paulo, either within the scope of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics and Psychiatry, or within the Public Health area. Interviews, with a semi-structured plan, were conducted between 2009 and 2010, generating personal testimonies with the purpose of recovering feelings, motivations, difficulties experienced and institutional and ideological obstacles encountered during the period of establishment of Adolescent Medicine and public health programs for adolescents, which could not be extracted by means of written documentation. Concern for adolescents health was expressed, especially from 1970 to 1990, on an occasion on which discussions were being conducted as regards the actual practice of global or full medicine offered to individuals and questions were being raised as regards fragmenting the individuals side effect of the emergency for medical sub-specialties and for medicalization of the individuals upon arrival of the technological medicine involving professionals from the clinical areas (pediatricians, gynecologists and psychiatrists), and from Public Health. As regards adolescents health, discussions on the new health paradigms gave rise to diverging conceptions among doctors and sanitarians in relation to the full health care focus. The purpose of the sanitarians and the creators of a public policy for adolescence was to achieve the population goals, based upon epidemiological data on the adolescents problems. The clinical area, even considering the external influences on the health and disease process, focused on the individuals, on their individuality and peculiarity, aspect inherent to their field of operations, thus giving rise to difficulties of communication between those two health areas and academic resistance to the establishment of the adolescents health care programs, which have been noticed by analyzing the given testimonies. Such difficulty to establish communication between the said fields, on the initial historical path of Adolescent Medicine and of Adolescents Comprehensive Health Care, may have given rise to obstacles and slowness in the process of implementing programs and strategies to obtain quality health care for this age group. It is necessary to reconstruct the past to analyze the present, thus the need to understand a few aspects of Adolescent Medicine path in particular, and of Adolescents Health Care, in general, to assist health professionals in search of solutions for the difficulties encountered at providing health to this population.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-28T10:25:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor da Matta Vivolo.pdf: 20931566 bytes, checksum: ed0cc27b6bd567e94009c3f1926509b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T10:25:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor da Matta Vivolo.pdf: 20931566 bytes, checksum: ed0cc27b6bd567e94009c3f1926509b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work aims to investigate Gastão Cruls (1888-1959), an author of medical short stories and novels in the first half of the 20th century. Through a study of his biography, gathered from documents of his family’s personal collection and his works – specially Coivara (1920), A Amazonia Mysteriosa (1925), Elsa e Helena (1927), Vertigem (1934) e De Pai a Filho (1954) – we aim to reveal polyphonic dimensions of discourse between his historical subject, his fictional work and his own historical period. Our approach is essentially Bakhtinian which allows Gastão Cruls to be a great historiographic object of study considering that he composes a historical personality as the member of an extensive spectrum of social relationships and practices. Metaphorically, we could draw a comparison between him and an intersection point: intertwined with a remarkable visibility in Brazilian intellectual elite, also intersected by plethora of multiple interests and interdisciplinary actor in publishing segments. We observed that the overlapping of his personal, historical and fictitious spheres revealed historical features of the medical training during Rio de Janeiro’s Belle Époque: doctors and patient’s daily routines, human suffering in clinical conditions according to Medicine of his time, the national discussions concerning the future of Brazil and even the inception of psychoanalysis into Brazilian Medicine. Those are the kind of historical issues discussed in his fictitious works / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar Gastão Cruls (1888-1959), autor de contos e romances de teor médico na primeira metade do século XX. Através de sua vida, por nós rastreada por documentos de seu acervo familiar pessoal, e suas obras - especialmente Coivara (1920), A Amazonia Mysteriosa (1925), Elsa e Helena (1927), Vertigem (1934) e De Pai a Filho (1954) - procurarmos revelar dimensões discursivas polifônicas entre sujeito histórico, sua obra fictícia e seu próprio tempo. Nossa abordagem é essencialmente bakhtiniana, tornando Gastão Cruls uma ótima possibilidade de objeto historiográfico, pois compõe uma personalidade histórica que era membro de um largo espectro de convívio e de atuação. Metaforicamente, podemos adotar sua comparação a um ponto de intersecção: perpassado por correntes de destaque notável na elite intelectual brasileira, também cruzado por uma gama de interesses múltiplos e atuante interdisciplinar em segmentos de publicação. Pudemos observar que a sobreposição de tais âmbitos pessoais, históricos e fictícios, nos relevaram questões históricas referentes à formação médica na Belle Époque carioca, o quotidiano de doutores e pacientes, o sofrimento humano nas condições clínicas segundo a medicina da época, as discussões nacionais concernentes ao futuro do país e a até mesmo a entrada da psicanálise na medicina brasileira. São tais as questões históricas discutidas em suas obras fictícias

This thesis explores the cultural implications underlying the medical practice of cutting human flesh. The examination focuses, in particular, on the function of representational technologies--from anatomy sketches to computer imaging--in the scientific understanding of the body in the West. By foregrounding the technologies of representation which inform and have directed a history of surgery, it is hoped that the cultural aspects of modern medicine will be made apparent. This thesis argues that while science benefitted from art to construct its image of 'the' body, it has had to rid itself of art in order to justify its empirical claims. The study concludes with a discussion of the work of the French performance artist Orlan who uses plastic surgery in a performative setting to deconstruct these very claims.

Amb aquesta investigació, que s'emmarca dins l'àmbit de l'Antropologia Filosòfica, el que ens proposem és escriure un capítol per a una genealogia de l'home contemporani, intentant respondre a la pregunta: com hem arribat a ser el que som? No pretenem descriure els principals factors que han influït en la manera de ser de l'home contemporani, sinó que l'objectiu d'aquest treball és molt més limitat: dibuixar algunes de les principals relacions entre el saber i el poder que s'han donat en el si de la medicina contemporània, i més concretament en l'àmbit de la Salut Pública, i que han contribuït a subjectar els individus d'una determinada manera, creant un model: l'home saludable.Volem mostrar com el discurs i la pràctica mèdica que es van començar a perfilar entre el segle XVIII i el segle XIX moment en què es solidificaren els fonaments de l'art de guarir tal com ara l'entenem , a part d'aportar un conjunt de tècniques de curació, també van oferir una determinada visió de l'home, la qual va tenir importants repercussions en la manera de ser de l'individu contemporani.Ens interessa mostrar de quina manera la medicina, a partir de la Salut Pública, ha intervingut en la gestió de l'existència humana, prenent una postura normativa que l'ha autoritzat a governar la vida de les persones.L'objectiu de la nostra investigació és respondre les qüestions: quin tipus de subjectivació implica la medicina contemporània? Quin tipus de subjecte ha ajudat a crear, incitant l'home a establir unes determinades maneres de relacionar-se amb si mateix i amb els altres? En definitiva, desciure algunes de les principals estratègies dibuixades des de la Salut Pública que han actuat com a poders de normalització, en tant que han fomentat un determinat tipus d'home.Tal com veurem, la nostra medicina, almenys des del moment en què es va poder parlar d'una salut pública, ha anat lligada al projecte d'una determinada tecnologia de la població. Entre els segles XVIII i XIX, la medicina va anar desenvolupant una nova política de la salut en la qual les malalties van passar a ser considerades com un problema polític i econòmic que afectava les col.lectivitats i que demanava solucions globals. El que va aparèixer en el segle XVIII no es pot resumir només en el fet que l'estat va començar a intervenir d'una forma constant en la pràctica mèdica, sinó que el que va passar va ser que la salut i la malaltia, vistes com a problemes que exigien algun tipus de gestió col.lectiva, van ser considerades des de múltiples llocs del cos social. És a dir, la política de la salut que s'inaugura en el llindar de l'època contemporània, més que una iniciativa vertical, va prendre la forma d'un problema amb orígens i direccions múltiples.Pretenem mostrar aquesta política mèdica que es va posar en joc al voltant de l'origen de la nostra Salut Pública, fent sortir a la llum el que podríem anomenar l'«ètica de la bona salut» que es va potenciar i que va servir no solament per elaborar algunes indicacions per prevenir o curar les malalties, sinó que també fabricà prescripcions que feien referència a la forma de vida en general (des de l'alimentació i la vestimenta fins a la procreació, la sexualitat, el comportament, les relacions familiars, etc.). És a dir, es tractaria de veure com a l'interior del discurs i de les pràctiques de la nostra Salut Pública, s'ha anat contruint un cert espai de la normalitat, en el qual ha estat possible associar Salut i Raó, Malaltia i Desraó. / This thesison Anthropological Philosophy studies the relationships holding between Knowledge and Power tha were originated in the domain of Public Health so as to prove the great influence of these relationships in the building-up of the contemporary man's identity.Besides furnishing a set of healing technics, contemporary Medicine has also promoted a certain view of Man (the Healthy Man) which has worked as a normalizing power of populations, clearfing the way for the associations Heakth and Reason, Illness and Unreason to be made.