A desintegração da plataforma de gelo da enseada Larsen A, em 1995, possibilitou uma oportunidade para estudar a comunidade bêntica da região. Foram analisadas a densidade da macrofauna e a densidade e biomassa da meiofauna. Duas estações na região de mar aberto, no Mar de Weddell, também foram coletadas, para comparações entre diferentes ambientes. Parâmetros ambientais também foram analisados, e serviram para tentar explicar a variação da fauna bêntica. Na região do Mar de Weddell as porcentagens de matéria orgânica foram maiores que na enseada Larsen A, provavelmente um reflexo da maior produtividade primária da área, enquanto as porcentagens de carbonato foram mais altas na enseada do que em mar aberto. A granulometria variou entre silte arenoso a areia síltica, sendo as estações no Mar de Weddell tiveram maiores porcentagens de areia. Em relação à fauna, Nematoda foi o táxon mais abundante, seguido por Copepoda e Nauplii dentro da meiofauna, enquanto Bivalvia e Polychaeta foram os mais abundantes dentro da macrofauna. As maiores densidades de meio- e macrofauna foram encontradas nas estações de mar aberto, e apresentaram correlação com as concentrações de pigmentos. A biomassa total dos nemátodes se correlacionou à biomassa individual do grupo, enquanto a biomassa dos copépodes se correlacionou com a densidade do grupo. Através dos resultados obtidos no presente trabalho foi possível observar que as comunidades bênticas das duas regiões estudadas diferem entre si, em termos de densidade e número de grandes grupos encontrados. E que a disponibilidade de alimento é o principal fator estruturados da fauna na região. / The collapse of the Larsen A ice shelf, in 1995, allowed an opportunity to study the benthic community in the region. The density of macrofauna and the density and biomass of meiofauna were analyzed. Two open water stations in the Weddell Sea were also collected for comparisons between different environments. Environmental parameters were analyzed to look for possible relations with benthic fauna distribution, abundance and biomass. In the Weddell Sea region the percentage of organic matter were higher than in the Larsen A, which was probably a reflection of the higher primary productivity of the area, while the carbonate percentages were higher in the bay than in open water. Particle size ranged from sandy silt to siltic sand, with Weddell Sea stations presenting higher sand content. Nematoda was the most abundant meiofauna taxon, followed by copepods and Nauplii, while Bivalvia and Polychaeta were the most abundant macrofauna. The highest densities of meio- and macrofauna were found in the open sea stations, and were correlated with pigment concentrations. The total nematode biomass was correlated with nematode individual biomass of the group, while copepod biomass correlated with its density. We observed that the benthic communities differed between studied areas in terms of density and taxon richness. Food availability appears to be the main factor structuring fauna in the region.

Os ambientes costeiros marinhos são sítios de uma intensa produção, movimentação e enterramento de carbono orgânico, já que uma fração substancial do material orgânico produzido na zona eufótica deposita-se nos sedimentos e constitui a principal fonte de alimento para o bentos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é estudar a influência da quantidade, origem e qualidade (composição bioquímica) da matéria orgânica sedimentar sobre a estrutura e distribuição vertical e horizontal da meiofauna e macrofauna bentônicas, em três ambientes com aportes diferenciados de matéria orgânica e submetidos a duas condições oceanográficas diferentes. Foram realizadas 2 campanhas de coleta em 6 estações localizadas no Canal de São Sebastião (CSS), Enseada de Caraguatatuba e Baía de Castelhanos. Em cada estação, foram analisadas as variáveis físico-químicas da água do mar, topografia do fundo, taxa de sedimentação atual. Coletaram-se amostras de sedimentos para análise das características granulométricas, concentração de pigmentos fotossintéticos, teores de matéria orgânica, carbono orgânico, nitrogênio e enxofre total, biopolímeros orgânicos (carboidratos, lipídios e proteínas), concentração e composição dos ácidos graxos, meiofauna e macrofauna, em sete horizontes da coluna sedimentar. As concentrações de pigmentos fotossintéticos, carbono orgânico, biopolímeros orgânicos, carbono biopolimérico e da razão PRT/CHO mostram que com exceção das estações 1 e 6, os sedimentos das demais áreas da região do CSS apresentam um certo grau de eutrofizacão e recebem um aporte importante de detritos orgânicos derivados da produção primária planctônica e bentônica, em diferentes estados de degradação. A composição dos ácidos graxos evidencia que a matéria orgânica particulada possui uma origem principalmente autóctone, e está constituída por uma combinação de material derivado do plâncton vivo ou detrítico, das microalgas bentônicas, da produção bacteriana e da fauna associada ao sedimento, havendo uma contribuição terrestre relativamente pequena. Nos locais estudados na região do CSS a quantidade do alimento não é um fator limitante; porém, a variação na sua qualidade em função de aportes esporádicos de matéria orgânica lábil, derivada da produção primária planctônica e bentônica, é um fator com importante influência na estruturação das comunidades bentônicas. / Coastal marine environments are places of intensive production, movement and burial of organic carbon, due to a considerable fraction of the organic material produced in the euphotic zone is deposited on sediments and represents the main food source for the benthos. The general aim of this work is to study the influence of sedimentary organic matter quantity, origin and quality (biochemical composition) on the structure, vertical and horizontal distribution of benthic meiofauna and macrofauna, in three environments with different organic inputs and under two different oceanographic conditions. Two sampling surveys were performed at 6 stations located in the São Sebastião Channel (SSC), Caraguatatuba Bight, and Castelhanos Bay. At each site the physico-chemical variables of marine water, bottom topography and the sedimentation rate were analyzed. Sediment samples were taken to analyze granulometric characteristics, photosynthetic pigment concentrations, organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen and sulphur contents, organic biopolymers (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins), concentration and composition of fatty acids, meiofauna and macrofauna in seven sediment layers. Phytopigments, organic carbon, organic biopolymers and biopolymeric carbon concentrations and the PRT/CHO ratio show that excepting stations 1 and 6, the sediments of the other locations have a certain degree of eutrophication and receive a significant input of organic detritus derived from planktonic and benthic primary production at different stages of degradation. Fatty acids composition shows that the particulate organic matter has mainly an autochthonous origin and it is constituted by a mixture of material derived from live or dead plankton, benthic microalgae, bacterial production and from the resident fauna, having a relatively low terrestrial contribution. Food quantity is not a limiting factor at the studied sites in the SSC region; however, variability in food quality related to sporadic inputs of labile organic matter produced by planktonic and benthic primary producers, is an important structuring factor of benthic communities.

Despite a slow start freshwater meiofauna research is now gathering pace. Evidence is accumulating which indicates the importance of their inclusion in lotic metazoan studies. Here I contribute towards this research effort by conducting an investigation of meiofauna and macrofauna from a chalk stream. I sampled meiofauna for a 19 month period, and macrofauna for a 12 month period between April 2004 and October 2005 from the subsurface, macrophyte stands and gravel beds. The chalk stream community was highly diverse with 57 taxa identified from the subsurface and 186 from the benthos. Meiofauna outnumbered macrofauna in all habitats in terms of density. Both meio- and macroinvertebrates preferred macrophyte stands over gravel beds as habitat, indicated by higher densities, biomass and species richness. Speciesabundance relationships and density-size spectra indicated the invertebrate assemblages of the benthos to be stable over the period of the study as patterns varied little between sampling months and habitats. Production and standing biomass were dominated by the macroinvertebrates which suggests meiofauna had a limited role within functioning of the stream. However, gut content data indicated meiofauna may play an important trophic role, linking basal resources and top consumers. Combined gut content and stable isotope analysis suggested a strong pattern of generalist feeding throughout the whole spectrum of body size in the community, rejecting the concept of functional feeding groups. Predominance of generalist feeding also suggested a large number of weak interactions in food webs. While higher species richness lower in food webs indicated greater functional redundancy of lower trophic levels. Density-body size distributions were shallow with a biased distribution of energy towards larger size classes. Moreover, testing of production, standing biomass and PIB body size allometry was inconclusive with regards to theoretical predictions. The interrelationship ofbiodiversity, stability, and trophic dynamics, with body size determine the structure and dynamics of the chalk stream community, not metabolism.

This thesis focuses on the study of the meiofaunal community in streams and rivers of the Mediterranean region. It approaches to a community level from a functional point of view, studying their response as a whole to different processes occurring in those systems. The thesis is divided into 5 chapters, in which we sampled various substrates in order to study the small-scale processes affecting them and the interactions with other organisms. We focused essentially on the main lotic ecosystem determinants: hydrology and nutrient inputs (organic and inorganic). In Chapter 1, we studied the meiofaunal community over 2 years. Its structure reflected high intra- and inter-annual variability, which coincided with the alternating periods of hydrological stability and disturbances. Since flow is a major abiotic determinant of invertebrate distribution patterns in streams and its impact on meiofauna is relatively well known (see Swan and Palmer, 2000 and references therein), the study addressed mainly the adaptive responses of organisms to spates and droughts in a Mediterranean context. These adaptations were measured in terms of advantageous traits (either structural or life strategies) that could confer resistance or resilience to organisms. Results from that study pointed out that the resilient response of meiofauna in downstream reaches of the study site had a slower recovery given that heavy rainfall events resulted in higher discharges (as a consequence of higher water run-off from catchments). In that system, previous hydrological history also appeared to modulate invertebrate response to floods, diminishing recovery response of the community in that reaches. In contrast, this effect was not observed in the most upstream reach which also showed a fast recovery after spates caused by higher habitat heterogeneity and complexity that served as a refuge to fauna. Organic matter input and its availability to consumers is one of the major processes in headwater streams. In Chapter 2, we analysed the colonisation pattern of experimentally disposed riparian leaves, including all organisms (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, meiofauna and macroinvertebrates) involved to trace the fate of carbon during the process. The experiment showed a clear energy transfer from bacterial to faunal compartments modulated by differences in temperature and discharge that naturally occurred in the stream. Eutrophication of lotic systems is one of the negative results of human activity. Therefore we paid special attention to the effects of nutrient availability to meiofauna because their small size and high turnover rates can provide information of interest about their rapid response to these kinds of disturbances. In Mediterranean systems scarcity can potentiate the negative effects of eutrophication. Therefore, we also explored the interaction of hydrology and nutrient inputs. In Chapter 3 we analysed the meiofaunal response to an experimental addition of nutrients in an almost pristine headwater stream. For this purpose, we focused on differences in community assemblages and secondary production of microcrustaceans, finding that hydrological stability and even water scarcity could potentiate the effects of the nutrient addition. In that system, hydrological disturbances were the “background noise”. In contrast, in Chapter 4 we explored a nematode community in a eutrophic system and we focused on the stability of substrate. We found a different pattern of fauna inhabiting the same biofilm depending on the mobility (attached vs. free-floating cyanobacterial mats). Nematodes were found to be an active part of this detachment though their activity and adapted their life strategies to those changes. In Chapter 5, using a laboratory experiment, we analysed the fast response of two nematode species to eutrophication and examined life strategies adopted to adapt to increased nutrient availability. We could observe a clear bottom-up effect in microcosms and also that small differences in behavioural attributes may shape the successional pattern of recolonisation after a disturbance. / L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi doctoral és caracteritzar la comunitat de la meiofauna en sistemes mediterranis i integrar-la com a baula dins dels processos funcionals d’ambients lòtics. Tot i que el coneixement sobre la meiofauna d’aigua dolça és encara escàs, aquesta tesi no ha pretès tenir un caire descriptiu de la comunitat des d’un punt de vista taxonòmic sinó emprar classificacions funcionals que permetin integrar la meiofauna en processos i contextos més amplis. La tesi esta articulada en 5 capítols i en cadascun s’ha mostrejat diferents substrats en funció de les interaccions entre organismes i les característiques dels processos a petita escala. En aquests experiments, s’han adreçat diferents qüestions depenent de l’hàbitat o de les característiques del lloc. Essencialment, aquesta tesi s’ha centrat en els processos lòtics més influents: la hidrologia i les entrades de nutrients (ja siguin orgànics com inorgànics). La resposta general de la meiofauna trobada al llarg d’aquesta tesi ha estat sempre molt vinculada als factors climàtics, ja fos analitzant l’efecte de les avingudes o de les sequeres sobre la comunitat de meiofauna o sobre processos de descomposició, o bé la variabilitat intranual sobre comunitats de cianobacteris i nematodes. Al llarg d’aquesta tesi doctoral, els trets adaptatius de la meiofauna en front a pertorbacions hidrològiques o d’entrada de nutrients han demostrat ser nombroses i merèixer una investigació mes exhaustiva en la recerca futura.

The ocean is the most extended biome present on our planet. Recent decades have seen a dramatic increase in the number and gravity of threats impacting the ocean, including discharge of pollutants, cultural eutrophication and spread of alien species. It is essential therefore to understand how different impacts may affect the marine realm, its life forms and biogeochemical cycles. The marine nitrogen cycle is of particular importance because nitrogen is the limiting factor in the ocean and a better understanding of its reaction mechanisms and regulation is indispensable. Furthermore, new nitrogen pathways have continuously been described. The scope of this project was to better constrain cause-effect mechanisms of microbially mediated nitrogen pathways, and how these can be affected by biotic and abiotic factors. This thesis demonstrates that meiofauna, the most abundant animal group inhabiting the world’s seafloors, considerably alters nitrogen cycling by enhancing nitrogen loss from the system. In contrast, larger fauna such as the polychaete Marenzelleria spp. enhance nitrogen retention, when they invade eutrophic Baltic Sea sediments. Sediment anoxia, caused by nutrient excess, has negative consequences for ecosystem processes such as nitrogen removal because it stops nitrification, which in turn limits both denitrification and anammox. This was the case of Himmerfjärden and Byfjord, two estuarine systems affected by anthropogenic activities, such as treated sewage discharges. When Byfjord was artificially oxygenated, nitrate reduction mechanisms started just one month after pumping. However, the balance between denitrification and nitrate ammonification did not favor either nitrogen removal or its retention. Anoxia is also present in aggregates of the filamentous cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena. This thesis shows that even in fully oxic waters, millimetric aggregates can host anaerobic nitrogen processes, with clear implications for the pelagic compartment. While the thesis contributed to our knowledge on marine nitrogen cycling, more data need to be collected and experiments performed in order to understand key processes and regulation mechanisms of element cycles in the ocean. In this way, stakeholders may follow and take decisions in order to limit the continuous flow of human metabolites and impacts on the marine environment. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.</p>

Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2018-01-12T16:09:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 552188.pdf: 13006169 bytes, checksum: 8bf2dc666edb41bf9ed601e7ecf7af4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-12T16:10:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 552188.pdf: 13006169 bytes, checksum: 8bf2dc666edb41bf9ed601e7ecf7af4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Determina a composição genérica, a estrutura trófica e a estrutura da comunidade de nematódeos marinhos da planície de maré de Coroa Grande, Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (22º 55' 00"S e 43º05' 30"W). Amostras mensais foram coletadas durante a baixa-mar, usando-se um amostrador de 1cm², no período de maio/1998 a abril/1999. As amostras foram obtidas em perfis com estratos que representaram os diferentes níveis da zona entre-marés. Também. coletaram-se amostras para determinar a composição granulométrica, o teor de matéria orgânica e a concentração de clorofila a. A análise canônica de correspondência foi utilizada para avaliar a estrutura da comunidade. Duas diferentes classificações foram utilizadas para determinar a estrutura trófica da comunidade. Um total de 31 gêneros foi encontrado: Anoplostoma, Bathylainnus, Comesoma, Daptonema, Enoplolainnus, Eurystomina, Halichoanolaimus, Haliplectus, Metachromadora, Oxystomina, Oncholainnus, Paracanthonchus, Paraodontophora, Sabatieria, Steineria, Sphaerolaimus, Spirinia, Terschellingia, Theristus, Viscosia e Trissonchulus. Os gêneros Chromadorella, Chromaspirinia, Dorylaimopsis, Euchromadora, Gomphionema, Gammanema, Linhomoeus e Paramonohystera apresentaram o seu primeiro registro de ocorrência para a costa brasileira. A composição faunística não foi diferente de outros hábitats similares. A análise canônica de correspondência mostrou uma estrutura espaço-temporal da comunidade de nematódeos, com as amostras dos níveis inferiores da planície de maré (próximos a zona infralitoral) formando um grupo separado das amostras dos níveis superiores. Os padrões de diversidade mostram-se influenciados pelas características sedimentológicas do ambiente, especialmente, a quantidade de finos. Os valores de diversidade encontrados para a área de estudo são semelhantes aos de outros estudos realizados em áreas tropicais, no entanto, são mais baixos quando comparados aos valores obtidos em áreas temperadas. Os padrões gerais da estrutura trófica da comunidade estão associados às variações na abundância dos três principais gêneros: Comesoma, Daptonema e Oncholaimus. Em termos espaciais, os comedores de depósito stricto sensu são dominantes nos níveis inferiores da planície de maré, enquanto os predadores facultativos predominam nos níveis superiores. / Determine the generic composition, trophic structure and community structure of marine nematodes on the Coroa Grande tidal flat, Sepetiba bay, Rio de Janeiro. Brazil (22º55'00"S e 43º05' 30''W). Monthly samples were taken during Iow tides, using a corer with 1cm², from may-98 to april-99. Samples were obtained within transect strata which represent the different levels of the intertidal zone. Samples for granulometric composition, organic matter anel chlorophyll analysis were also collected. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate the community structure. Two different classifications were used in order to determine the trophic structure. The structure of nematode community showed a spatial-temporal. with samples of the lower tidal flat level (near to the subtidal zone) forming a separate group from samples of the upper levels. A total of 31 genera were found: Anoplostoma, Bathylainnus, Comesoma, Daptonema, Enoplolainnus, Eurystomina, Halichoanolaimus, Haliplectus, Metachromadora, Oxystomina, Oncholainnus, Paracanthonchus, Paraodontophora, Sabatieria, Steineria, Sphaerolaimus, Spirinia, Terschellingia, Theristus, Viscosia and Trissonchulus. The genera Chromadorella, Chromaspirinia, Dorylaimopsis, Euchromadora, Gomphionema, Gammanema, Linhomoeus and Paramonohystera were recorded for the first time in Brazilian sediments. The faunal composition was not very different from other similar habitats. Diversity patterns were influenced by the sedimentological characteristics of the environment, especially, the amount of fine sediments. Diversity values found on the studied arca were similar to those of different studies in tropical areas; nevertheless are low when compared to temperate areas. The general patterns of lhe trophic structure were associated with the change in the abundance of the three main genera: Comesoma, Daptonema e Oncholaimus. In spatial terms, deposit feeders stricto sensu predominated in the lower level of the tidal flat, while facultative predators dominated the upper levels.

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Los turbelarios conforman uno de los grupos más basales de los bilateria, habitan ecosistemas acuáticos continentales y marinos. Estudios sobre la diversidad de turbelarios son escasos en nuestro país. El Perú sólo cuenta con registros recientes de turbelarios de ambientes continentales; sin embargo, los registros de especies de ambientes marinos son prácticamente inexistentes. Bajo este contexto, el presente trabajo registra y describe la fauna de turbelarios marinos que habitan la Bahía de Ancón (Playa San Francisco). Se reporta por primera vez para el Perú cinco especies: Alcha evelinae (Polycistididae), Trigonostomum galapagoensis (Trigonostomidae), Itaipusa divae (Koinocystididae), Urastoma sp. (Urastomidae) y una especie sin determinar de la familia Cylindrostomidae. Además, la descripción de T. galapagoensis constituye la primera desde su descripción original hace 44 años. / Tesis

Submitted by Rosana Amâncio (rosana.amancio@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-12T21:32:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EDCLEBESON BERTO DE SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCNBio 2016..pdf: 1801961 bytes, checksum: fe198d82ea402e4567249d7728cf5868 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T21:32:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDCLEBESON BERTO DE SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCNBio 2016..pdf: 1801961 bytes, checksum: fe198d82ea402e4567249d7728cf5868 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-14 / CNPq / O Filo Nematoda compreende as maiores abundâncias e densidades em vários ecossistemas, por englobar animais cujas características morfológicas são adaptáveis aos diversos tipos de habitats bentônicos, incluindo praias arenosas. Estes ambientes são bastante explorados, mas não existe nenhum dado registrado para o litoral da Paraíba sobre a comunidade estudada em nível específico. O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar taxonomicamente e ecologicamente a comunidade nematofaunística de quatro praias urbanas do litoral da Paraibana. Uma única coleta foi realizada em outubro de 2013, em cada praia foram estabelecido 3 pontos distintos, seguindo a linha da água, no médio litoral, com 10cm de profundidade no sedimento, as amostras coletadas foram fixadas com formol salino 4%. As amostras foram lavadas em água corrente utilizando uma peneira com malha de 0,044 mm e material retido foi transferido a um béquer. Os Nematoda foram triados em placa de Dolffus, diafanizados, identificados e medidos em nível de gênero e espécie com auxilio de um microscópio binocular, munido de câmera clara. Nematoda representou mais de 90% da meiofauna estudada. Foram encontradas 6 ordens, 13 famílias e 26 gêneros, dentre eles Phanodermelha, Nemmanema e Rhabdodemania foram aqui registrados pela primeira vez para praias do Brasil. Foram identificadas 22 espécies, 4 novas para ciência. A maior densidade esteve relacionada à Calomicrolaimus que foi representado unicamente pela espécie Calomicrolaimus rugatus. Os valores de diversidade e dominância como também a riqueza total, variaram entre as praias. A estrutura trófica apresentou uma maior abundância na tipologia 1B seguido de 2B. O estágio de desenvolvimento foi dominado por juvenis. O ANOSIM mostrou que há diferenças significativas entre as praias. Na análise de ordenação do MDS foi formado um grupo separando a praia do Bessa das demais. As espécies que mais contribuíram para as dissimilaridades foram Mesacanthion rigens, Bathylaimus parafilicaudatus, Pseudosteineria sagittispiculata, Pseudosteineria horrida, Calomicrolaimus rugatus e Theristus complexus, analisado pelo SIMPER. Dentre as variáveis ambientais, areia muito grossa foi a que mais se correlacionou com a estrutura da comunidade. Os gêneros e as espécies mantiveram o mesmo padrão de densidade, estrutura trófica, dominância entre as praias prospectadas. Dessa forma, a estrutura da comunidade foi distribuída de acordo com os fatores abióticos estudados. / The phylum Nematoda comprehends the largest abundances and densities in several ecosystems, by gathering animals whose morphological features are adaptable to the many types of benthic habitats, including sandy beaches. These environments are quite explored, but there is no data recorded to the coast of Paraiba on the studied community in specific level. This study aimed to characterize taxonomically and ecologically the nematofauna community of four urban beaches of Paraiba coast. A single sample was realized in October 2013, in each beach three distinct points were established, following the line of the water, in the middle coast, with 10 centimeters deep in the sediment, the samples were fixed with 4% saline formaldehyde. The samples were washed in running water using a sieve with a mesh of 0.044 mm and retained material was transferred to a beaker. The Nematoda were screened in a Dolffus plate and diaphanized, identified and measured at genus and species with the aid of a binocular microscope equipped with clear camera. Nematoda represented more than 90% of the meiofauna which was studied. We found 6 orders, 13 families and 26 genera, including Phanodermelha, Nemmanema and Rhabdodemania that were reported here for the first time to the beaches in Brazil. We identified 22 species, 4 of them which are new to science. The highest density was related to Calomicrolaimus which was represented only by the species Calomicrolaimus rugatus. The values of diversity and dominance as well as the total wealth, ranged among the beaches. The trophic structure presented a higher abundance in the type 1B followed by 2B. The development stage was dominated by juveniles. The ANOSIM showed that there are significant differences among the beaches. In MDS ordination analysis a group was formed, separating Bessa beach from the others. The species that mostly contributed to the dissimilarities were Mesacanthion rigens, Bathylaimus parafilicaudatus, Pseudosteineria sagittispiculata, Pseudosteineria horrida, Calomicrolaimus rugatus and Theristus complexus, analyzed by SIMPER. Among the environmental variables, very coarse sand was the most correlated with the community structure. The genera and species maintained the same pattern density, trophic structure and dominance among the prospected beaches. Thus, the community structure was distributed according to the abiotic factors studied.

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-01-22T15:48:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERAS_TESE_2015.pdf: 4898785 bytes, checksum: 410876fc260612e846fff8f29589e93c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-22T15:48:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERAS_TESE_2015.pdf: 4898785 bytes, checksum: 410876fc260612e846fff8f29589e93c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / FACEPE / CAPES / O abastecimento de água além de ser realizado por águas superficiais também pode ser obtido pelas águas subterrâneas, onde não se pode esquecer que existe uma interação entre elas de grande potencial na gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos. Dentro da perspectiva dessa interação, surge a técnica de Filtração em Margem (FM) como um método de tratamento de água alternativo e de baixo custo. Vários processos ocorrem durante a FM, onde esses dependem direta ou indiretamente da zona hiporreica que é uma região de intercâmbio entre o curso de água superficial e subterrâneo, onde ocorre um conjunto de reações importantes. Sendo assim, o sucesso da técnica de Filtração em Margem, entre outras coisas, depende das características do ambiente hiporreico que é responsável pela sustentabilidade do abastecimento de água através dessa tecnologia. A presente pesquisa teve o intuito de caracterizar os aspectos físicos e biológicos da zona hiporreica num trecho do rio Beberibe, Olinda - PE, onde existe um projeto piloto de Filtração em Margem com 4 poços rasos de produção e sete poços de observação. Em relação ao potencial da Filtração em Margem foi realizado um monitoramento qualitativo através de análises físico-químicas e bacteriológicas, onde foi possível observar uma melhora significativa na qualidade da água após submetida a FM. A interação rio-aquífero foi analisada através da correlação da lâmina d'água do rio Beberibe, da precipitação do local e dos níveis piezométricos dos poços de produção e dos poços de observação. A partir dos resultados, ficou evidente que existe uma conexão hidráulica entre os poços rasos e o rio Beberibe, caracterizando interação rio-aquífero. A caracterização biológica foi realizada através da quantificação e identificação da distribuição vertical da meiofauna bentônica presente nos sedimentos hiporreicos. A meiofauna esteve composta por um total de 7804 indivíduos, distribuídos em oito taxa, onde 96% dos organismos foram representados pelos rotíferas, nemátodas e anelídeos. A caracterização física da zona hiporreica consistiu em ensaios granulométricos dos sedimentos do ambiente hiporreico, onde o material representativo da superfície do leito apresentou certa homogeneização predominantemente arenosa. Além disso, foi avaliada a capacidade de transporte de volumes hídricos entre o rio e o aquífero através de ensaios de infiltração e leituras da diferença da carga hidráulica, onde observou-se que o rio Beberibe no seu curso médio, contribui para a recarga do lençol freático, com exceção de alguns dias que o fluxo no leito do rio apresentou ascendência após longos períodos de chuva. A taxa média de infiltração nos ensaios realizados foi de 0,013 mm/s. Observou-se, ainda, que a distribuição granulométrica dos sedimentos influenciam as taxas de escoamento vertical e a condutividade hidráulica da zona hiporreica. / Water supply can be accomplished either by surface water or by groundwater, and it is important to state that there is an interaction between them, for the sustainable management of water resources. Riverbank Filtration technique (RBF) within the perspective of this interaction, arises the as an alternative and low cost method for water treatment. Multiple processes occur during RBF, that depend directly or indirectly on the hyporheic zone, which is a region between the surface and underground water flow, where a series of important reactions occur. Therefore, the success of Riverbank Filtration technique, among other things, depends on the characteristics of hyporheic environment that is responsible for the sustainability of the water supply through this technology. The present research aimed to characterize the physical and biological aspects of the hyporheic zone in a stretch of the Beberibe river, Olinda-PE, where there is a pilot project of Riverbank Filtration with four shallow production wells and seven observation wells. In regards to the potential of Riverbank Filtration, it was conducted a qualitative monitoring by physicochemical and bacteriological analyses, where it was possible to observe a significant improvement in the water quality after submitted to RBF. River-aquifer interaction was analysed by correlation of water from the river, local precipitation and piezometric levels of production wells and observation wells. From the results, it was evident that there is a hydraulic connection between the shallow wells and the Beberibe river, featuring river-aquifer interaction. Biological characterization was performed by quantification and identification of the vertical distribution of benthic meiofauna present in hyporheic sediments. The meiofauna was composed of a total of 7804 individuals, distributed in eight taxa where 97% of organizations were represented by rotíferas, nematodes and annelids. Physical characterization of the hyporheic zone consisted of grain size sediment tests of hyporheic environment, where the material representative of the surface of the bed, presented homogenization, predominantly sandy. In addition, it was evaluated the carrying capacity of water volumes between the river and the aquifer through infiltration tests and difference of hydraulic had, where it was observed that Beberibe river in its middle course, contributes to the recharge of groundwater, with the exception of a few days that the flow in the river presented ascendancy after long periods of rain. The average rate of infiltration in the tests was of 0,013 mm/s. It was observed that particle size distribution of sediments affect the vertical flow rates and the hydraulic conductivity of the hyporheic zone.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-29T17:44:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2011-Dissertação-VeronicaOliveira.pdf: 1667348 bytes, checksum: 414658d0814de55828e22ff1ca12623b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T17:44:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2011-Dissertação-VeronicaOliveira.pdf: 1667348 bytes, checksum: 414658d0814de55828e22ff1ca12623b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / Esse estudo representa a primeira avaliação da meiofauna em cânions submarinos no Atlântico Sul e, em especial, na Bacia de Campos. A meiofauna dos cânions Almirante Câmara e Grussaí e, em transectos adjacentes, foi analisada em quatro isóbatas (400m, 700m, 1.000m e 1.300m), em duas campanhas (maio/2008 e fevereiro/2009), considerando três estratos sedimentares (0-2cm, 2-5cm e 5-10cm). Para testar a significância da densidade e da riqueza da meiofauna, utilizou-se uma análise de variância fatorial com um “desenho amostral balanceado”, considerando como fatores: áreas, campanhas, isóbatas e estratos. A composição taxonômica da meiofauna, registrada nos cânions e em suas áreas adjacentes, foi semelhante à outros estudos realizados em áreas de mar profundo, sendo composta por 23 táxons, com Nematoda sendo o mais freqüente e abundante. As densidades da meiofauna nos sedimentos dos cânions e nas áreas adjacentes na Bacia de Campos foram altas, sendo aquelas encontradas dentro dos cânions mais elevadas do que nos seus transectos adjacentes correspondentes. As densidades foram, significativamente, maiores no estrato sedimentar superior em relação aos demais, em ambas as campanhas. No presente estudo observou-se que a abundância da meiofauna e a riqueza de grupos não apresentaram variações significativas em função do aumento da profundidade.O teste de correlação não indicou a presença de umarelação entre o carbono orgânico total e a riqueza/abundância da meiofauna. / This study represents the first meiofauna evaluation in submarine canyons from South Atlantic, with emphasis in Campos Basin. The meiofauna from Almirante Câmara and Grussaí canyons and adjacent transects were analyzed in 4 different isobaths (400m, 700m, 1000m and 1300m) during two campaigns (May/2008 and February/2009). Meiofauna core was divided in 0-2cm, 2-5cm and 5-10cm. A balanced four-way analysis of variance was applied in order to evaluate the difference in density and richness; for this analysis area, campaign, isobaths and layers were used as factors. Meiofauna composition from canyons and their adjacent areas were similar to other studies in deep-sea areas being composed of 23 taxa. Nematoda was the most frequent and abundant taxon. Meiofauna density from canyons and adjacent areas was high, but the density from canyons was higher than in their adjacent area in both sampling campaigns. The densities were significantly higher in the upper sedimentary strata in relation to others, in both campaigns. In this study we observed that the abundance and richness of meiofauna groups showed no significant variations as a function of increasing depth. There was no correlation between total organic carbon and meiofauna richness/abundance.