Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-02-21T21:54:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielleMacedoPereira_TESE.pdf: 7916343 bytes, checksum: 47f4f16d292c186e81c42187080b1343 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-02-23T21:04:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielleMacedoPereira_TESE.pdf: 7916343 bytes, checksum: 47f4f16d292c186e81c42187080b1343 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-23T21:04:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielleMacedoPereira_TESE.pdf: 7916343 bytes, checksum: 47f4f16d292c186e81c42187080b1343 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O bioma Caatinga ? exclusivamente brasileiro, marcado pelo clima semi?rido. Este bioma se destaca pelo alto ?ndice de endemismo e desconhecimento cient?fico ao seu respeito. Para sobreviver neste ambiente, as plantas desenvolveram mecanismos intr?nsecos de percep??o dos sinais ambientais externos e suas respectivas respostas metab?licas. Dentre as esp?cies de ocorr?ncia no bioma Caatinga, como fonte de alcaloides bioativos, destaca-se Erythroxylum pungens, que apresenta potencial pouco explorado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho ? investigar o proteoma total e o perfil metab?lico de E. pungens, aliado ? bioprospec??o de alcaloides trop?nicos com potencial citot?xico. Para isso, no cap?tulo 1 identificou-se, por espectrometria de massas, sete alcaloides trop?nicos conhecidos; 3-(2-metilbutiriloxi)tropan-6, 7-diol como tamb?m 3-(2-metilbutiriloxi)nortropan-6, 7-diol foram isolados e caracterizado por RMN 1D e 2D pela primeira vez. N,N-Dimetil-1-H-indol-3-etanamina foi isolado e caracterizado a partir de ra?zes de E. pungens. Al?m disso, verificou-se que alcaloides isolados de E. pungens, frente a cinco linhagens celulares, apontaram potencial seletivo de 3-(2-metilbutiriloxi)tropan-6, 7-diol contra c?lulas de tumorais de pr?stata. Para melhor conhecer a esp?cie e, com vistas na produ??o de alcaloides trop?nicos, trabalhou-se o proteoma e perfil alcalo?dico no cap?tulo 2. Dessa forma foi poss?vel identificar 1746 prote?nas nas folhas, 1779 no caule e 1026 na raiz de E. pungens. Atrav?s da recupera??o dos termos no Gene Ontology, observou-se os processos nos quais estas prote?nas est?o envolvidas, verificando o mesmo perfil de processos para os tr?s ?rg?os de E. pungens, com destaque para respostas a estresses bi?ticos, abi?ticos, qu?micos, al?m das respostas ao estresse oxidativo. Foram observados n?veis significativos de prote?nas envolvidas na fotoss?ntese das folhas de E. pungens, fotorrespira??o, al?m prote?nas relacionadas ?s respostas ao estresse: prote?nas da fam?lia 14-3-3, peroxidases, catalases, super?xido-dismutase e prote?nas de choque t?rmico, que tamb?m podem atuar no turnover prote?co. Ainda foram identificadas cinco prote?nas hom?logas a tropinona redutase na folha, e produ??o de alcaloide em todos os ?rg?os. No cap?tulo 3, por meio do experimento com esp?cimes de E. pungens submetidas a estresse h?drico por suspens?o de rega em casa de vegeta??o, notou-se que esta esp?cie investe no aumento de prote?nas relacionadas ?s respostas ao estresse h?drico, aumenta significativamente o teor de prolina livre no citosol. Ademais, mat?m a produ??o de alcaloides que parecem estar mais relacionado a fase de desenvolvimento da planta. Com isso, os resultados deste trabalho busca contribuir para a fitoqu?mica e fisiologia de E. pungens, assim como promove o uso racional da esp?cie, e consequentemente a conserva??o do bioma Caatinga. / Caatinga biome is exclusive brazilian, marked by semi-arid climate. This biome stands out for the high endemism index and scientific unfamiliarity.To survive in this environment with peculiar edaphoclimatic conditions, plants show evolution of intrinsic mechanisms of external environmental signals perception and their respectives metabolic responses. Among the occurrence genera in Caatinga biome, as bioactive alkaloids source, the Erythroxylum pungens species, which has unexplored potential, is outstanding. Thus, the objective of this work is to investigate total proteome and metabolic fingerprint of E. pungens, together with tropane alkaloids bioprospection with cytotoxic potential. For this, in chapter 1 it was possible to identify, by mass spectrometry, seven known tropane alkaloids; 3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tropan-6, 7-diol as well as 3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tropan-6, 7-diol were isolated and characterized by 1D and 2D NMR for the first time. N,N-Dimethyl-1-H-indol-3-ethanamine was isolated and characterized from roots of E. punctures. In addition, it was found that alkaloids isolated from E. pungens, against five cell lines, indicated selective potential of 3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tropan-6, 7-diol against prostate tumor cells. In chapter 2, it was possible to identify 1746 proteins in the leaves, 1779 in the stem and 1026 in the root of E. pungens. Through the recovery of the GO terms, it was possible to evaluate processes in which these proteins are involved, verifying the same process profile for three organs of E. pungens, with emphasis on biotic, abiotic, chemical stress responses, as well as responses to oxidative stress. Were observed significant proteins levels involved in photosynthesis of E. pungens leaves, photorespiration, as well as many proteins related to stress responses: proteins from 14-3-3 family, peroxidases, catalases, superoxide dismutase and shock proteins, which can also act on protein turnover. Were still identificated five proteins homologous to tropinone reductase, and alkaloid production in all organs suggesting that even under chronic stress conditions, E. pungens maintains the production of these metabolites. In chapter 3, through specimens submission experiment of E. pungens to water stress by irrigation suspension in greenhouse, it was observed that this species invest in the increase of proteins related to the responses to water stress, it significantly increases free proline content in cytosol which functions as an important osmoprotector. Furthermore, maintains alkaloids production that appear to be more related to development stage of the plant than stress condition in which it is inserted. The results of this work seek to contribute to knowledge of E. pungens phytochemistry and physiology, as well as to promote the species and consequently conservation of Caatinga biome.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-10-17T23:44:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Amanda.pdf: 2109661 bytes, checksum: 3476eefc68886b52ab99593eb599fe29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T23:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Amanda.pdf: 2109661 bytes, checksum: 3476eefc68886b52ab99593eb599fe29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Cereus jamacaruDC. is a species of Cactaceae used in folk medicine, popularly known as mandacaru. This study aimed to identify the metabolites classes quantify the phenolic content and flavonoids, evaluate the antioxidant activity, toxicity and pharmacological potential of chloroform fractions (FC) and hydromethanol (FHM) C. jamacaru root. The extracts were prepared by maceration and fractions are obtained by liquid-liquid partition. The classes of metabolites were detected by thin layer chromatography, in chemical developers. The content of phenolics, and flavonoids were determined by UV-vis spectrometry. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the radical sequestration methods (DPPH) and ?-carotene/linoleic acid. Acute toxicity and the effect on the central nervous system by route rod test was evaluated. The antinociceptive activity was determined in tests of writhing, formalin and hot plate. The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by the paw edema induced by carrageenan. The presence of terpenes, steroids, flavonoids, phenolic acids and amino acids was detected in the fractions. FC showed higher content of phenolics and flavonoids, and best antioxidant activity FHM analyzed by methods. Through the toxicological evaluation, it is suggested that the fractions are non-toxic orally. Regarding the antinociceptive activity, fractions reduced (p<0,001) the number of writhes and licking time in the 1? and 2? stage, at all doses tested. Fractions increased heat to the latency time (p<0,01 and p<0,001) at all doses and times observed. The anti-inflammatory activity was detected in fractions (p<0,001) in all the doses and times observed. The fractions did not affect the coordination of the animals, besides their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, with central action mechanism indicia, also showing the reduction effect of acute inflammatory processes. It is expected from this study, promote greater public awareness for the conservation and sustainable use of this species. / Cereus jamacaru DC. ? uma esp?cie de Cactaceae utilizada na medicina popular, conhecida popularmente como mandacaru.Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as classes de metab?litos, quantificar o teor de fen?licos e flavonoides, avaliar a atividade antioxidante,toxidade e potencial farmacol?gico das fra??es clorof?rmica (FC) e hidrometan?lica (FHM) da raiz de C. jamacaru. Os extratos foram preparados por macera??o e as fra??esforam obtidas por parti??o l?quido-l?quido. As classes de metab?litos foram detectadas por cromatografia em camada delgada, em reveladores qu?micos. Os teores de fen?licos e flavonoides foram determinados por espectrometria no UV-vis. A a??o antioxidante foi avaliada pelos m?todos de sequestro do radical (DPPH) e ?-caroteno/?cido linoleico. Foi avaliado a toxidade aguda e o efeito sobre o sistema nervoso central pelo teste do rota rod. A atividade antinociceptiva foi apurada nos testes das contor??es abdominais, formalina e placa quente.A atividade anti-inflamat?ria foi realizada pelo teste do edema de pata induzido por carragenina. A presen?a de terpenos, esteroides, flavonoides, ?cidos fen?licos e amino?cidos foi detectada nas fra??es.A FC apresentou maior conte?do de fen?licos e flavonoides, e melhor atividade antioxidante que a FHM pelos m?todos analisados.Atrav?s da avalia??o toxicol?gica realizada, sugere-se que as fra??es s?o at?xicas por via oral. Em rela??o ? atividade antinociceptiva, as fra??es reduziram (p<0,001) o n?mero de contor??es e o tempo de lambida na 1? e 2? fase, em todas as doses testadas. As fra??es aumentaram o tempo de lat?ncia ao calor (p<0,01 e p<0,001) em todas as doses e tempos observados. A atividade anti-inflamat?ria foi evidenciada nas fra??es (p<0,001), em todas as doses e tempos observados.As fra??es n?o afetaram a coordena??o motora dos animais, al?m de possu?rem propriedades antinociceptivas e anti-inflamat?ria, com ind?cios de mecanismo de a??o central, apresentando tamb?m efeito na redu??o dos processos inflamat?rios agudos.Espera-se, a partir desse estudo, propiciar uma maior conscientiza??o da popula??o para a conserva??o e uso sustent?vel desta esp?cie.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-07-12T20:09:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-RGV Tecla dos Santos Silva.pdf: 2247297 bytes, checksum: 4ad8767bfc78928e03453c4831326a56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T20:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-RGV Tecla dos Santos Silva.pdf: 2247297 bytes, checksum: 4ad8767bfc78928e03453c4831326a56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-28 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. (Anacardiaceae) is an endangered tree that has wood and medicinal potential. This work aimed to study the induction of in vitro buds of M. urundeuva and to analyze the calogenesis process, as well as qualitatively evaluate the chemical composition of different organs of the species submitted to different culture conditions. In the induction of shoots, silver nitrate (AgNO3) and plant regulators 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN), meta-topoline (mT) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were evaluated using different explants (cotyledons, petiole, nodal, cotyledonary and apical segments). For calogenesis, combinations of 2,4-D, KIN and glutamine in leaf explants were tested. The callus growth curve was performed for 56 days (7 day intervals) and the reducing sugars (RS), sucrose and total soluble sugars (TSS) were quantified. For the phytochemical study, we used methanolic extracts from material grown in vitro, in a greenhouse and in a natural environment. It is possible the induction of buds in M. urundeuva from the explant cotyledon node with the use of BAP combined with NAA. Calogenesis is potentiated with the combination of 2,4-D, KIN and glutamine in the nutrient medium. The growth curve of the callus is sigmoidal. The carbohydrate content, except for RA, presents a distinct behavior, varying according to the growth curve phases of the callus. The type of cultivation influences the yield of extracts of M. urundeuva and there are differences in the production of secondary metabolites between the different organs of the species. / Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. (Anacardiaceae) ? uma ?rvore amea?ada de extin??o que possui potencial madeireiro e medicinal. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a indu??o de brotos in vitro de M. urundeuva e analisar o processo de calog?nese, bem como avaliar qualitativamente a composi??o qu?mica de diferentes ?rg?os da esp?cie submetida a distintas condi??es de cultivo. Na indu??o de brotos avaliou-se o uso do nitrato de prata (AgNO3) e dos reguladores vegetais 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), cinetina (CIN), meta-topolina (mT) e ?cido naftalenoac?tico (ANA) sob distintos explantes (cotil?dones, pec?olo, segmentos nodais, cotiledonares e apicais). Para calog?nese testou-se combina??es de 2,4-D, CIN e glutamina em explantes foliares. Realizou-se a curva de crescimento dos calos durante 56 dias (intervalos de 7 dias) e quantificou-se os a??cares redutores (AR), sacarose e a??cares sol?veis totais (AST). Para o estudo fitoqu?mico, utilizou-se extratos metan?licos advindos de material cultivado in vitro, casa de vegeta??o e em ambiente natural. ? poss?vel a indu??o de brotos em M. urundeuva a partir do explante n? cotiledonar com o uso de BAP combinado com ANA. A calog?nese ? potencializada com a combina??o de 2,4-D, CIN e glutamina no meio nutritivo. A curva de crescimento dos calos apresenta forma sigmoidal. O conte?do de carboidratos, excetuando os AR, apresenta comportamento distinto, variando de acordo com as fases da curva de crescimento dos calos. O tipo de cultivo influencia no rendimento de extratos de M. urundeuva e existem diferen?as na produ??o de metab?litos secund?rios entre os diferentes ?rg?os da esp?cie.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RusceliDA_DISSERT.pdf: 4254928 bytes, checksum: 4fab1232a45d2adb5dcfe7b1b0dac83a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Recently, marine organisms have attracted attention because of the complexity and potent biological activity from your secondary metabolites. Our planet has 80% it surface covered by oceans and seas, therefore, housing a wide number of different forms of life, among them, the sponges. These sessile and filtrating animals, according to numerous researches, come showing like true chemistry factories. The substances from these animals, sometimes show as news targets to therapeutics agents, and some countries has already use them for treatment of some diseases. Further of the secondary metabolites, the polysaccharides of marine origin also have been target of studies, because the presence of the sulfates groups in its molecules. Polysaccharides with differents biological activities have been related in a large number of researches. Actually, many studies show the sponges as source of promising medicine. These studies inspire new researches, because the few number of sponges species studied until now. Because of that, the present work shows the chemistry prospection of the sponge Callyspongia vaginalis. Chromatographic methods in silica gel allowed the isolations of two secondary metabolites: the known &#946;- sitosterol and a ceramide, no reported in the genus Callyspongia, previously. The analysis of the their lipid extracts show different kinds of fatty acids with a variety of chain length (saponifiable fraction), and others metabolites like Lupenone and stigmasterol, also unprecedented in the genus. The Polysaccharide characterization and the elucidation of the secondary metabolites acquired through of chromatography analysis (CC, molecular exclusion) and spectrometric (NMR 1H and 13C, mass, IR), respectively and comparison with literature data / A diversidade estrutural de subst?ncias de origem marinha, associadas as suas atividades biol?gicas, t?m atra?do aten??o de pesquisadores do mundo inteiro. Dentre os organismos estudados atualmente dois grupos de invertebrados marinhos, as asc?dias e as esponjas, merecem destaque. Estes animais s?sseis e filtradores, segundo in?meras pesquisas, v?m se mostrando verdadeiras f?bricas qu?micas , produzindo subst?ncias que por vezes apresentam-se como aspirantes a agentes terap?uticos, com efic?cia cl?nica comprovada. Al?m dos metab?litos secund?rios, os polissacar?deos de origem marinha tamb?m tem sido alvo de estudos, sendo relatados diversos compostos sulfatados e com diferentes atividades biol?gicas associadas a estes. Tendo em vista a pequena quantidade de esp?cies de esponjas estudadas at? o momento, comparado ao potencial qu?mico destes organismos, o presente trabalho apresenta a prospec??o qu?mica da esponja Callyspongia vaginalis. T?cnicas cl?ssicas de cromatografia em gel de s?lica permitiram o isolamento de dois metab?litos secund?rios: o &#946;-sitosterol e uma ceramida, ambos in?ditos no g?nero Callyspongia. A an?lise das fra??es lip?dicas mostraram diferentes tipos de ?cidos graxos com variados tamanhos de cadeia (fra??o saponific?vel), e de outros metab?litos como lupenona e estigmasterol, tamb?m in?ditos no g?nero em quest?o. O polissacar?deo obtido atrav?s do material animal tamb?m foi isolado e, como amplamente relatado na literatura apresentou-se sulfatado, caracter?stica diferencial dos polissacar?deos de origem marinha. A caracteriza??o do polissacar?deos e a elucida??o estrutural dos metab?litos secund?rios foram realizadas atrav?s da an?lise dos dados de espectrometria de massa, Infravermelho e Resson?ncia Magn?tica Nuclear de Hidrog?nio-1 e Carbono-13, atrav?s de sequ?ncias de pulsos uni e bidimensionais e compara??o com dados da literatura

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Delci de Deus Nepomuceno.pdf: 2585936 bytes, checksum: affdc594602e56d94685fd2c4d55993e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work was divided into three chapters; the first one was carried out for identifying secondary metabolites classes on three forage legumes: Pueraria phaseoloides (puero), Macrotyloma axillare (archer) and Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean). These sorts of metabolites when present in plants may cause to animal adverse effects resulting ingestion and digestion decreasement and nutrients bioavailabity named antinutritional factors as well as may systematically induce to animal or herd performance decreasement. For this stud, phytochemical prospection, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis (NMRA) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IS) were performed. Following secondary metabolites classes: organic acids, reducing sugars, depsidians and depsidones, coumarine derivatives, steroids and triterpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, saccharides and tannins on three forage legumes species were identified. Puero e perennial soybean for alkaloids presence were compatible. According bibliographic references, secondary metabolites classes have presented antinutritional effects compounds, some of totally dependent on intake and specie like reducing sugars and saccharides responsible for antinutritional effects on monogastric animals as well. The second chapter of this survey was carried out for quantifying condensed tannin content by Stiasny Reaction and for evaluating puero, archer and perennial soybean in vitro foam stability. For tannin quantification separated portions of entire plant, leaves, and stem by Simple Randomized Design with legumes allocated on subdivided parcels and portions on subparcels was used. By analysis of covariance, obtained result average, as well as interactions effects between legumes and portions by Tukey Test (P<0.05) were achieved. In vitro foam stability and yielding evaluation due to produced foam by legumes considered ruminant foamy meteorism potential etiological agent was performed. Simple Randomized Design consisting by subdivided parcels with three replications each was carried out where portions were composed by entire plant, leaves and stem as well as crude methanol extract related to parcels and remaining time (0, 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes) for monitoring volume to subparcels. By Tukey Test (P<0.05) each portion averages within each time were compared and by analysis of variance results related to volume and remaining time were submitted to. By statistical analysis of Regression, saved volume effect during time and legumes interaction and checking time were evaluated as well as foam stability interaction in relation to remaining foam was estimated. Condensed tannin content ranged from 1 to 1.6%. In regard to perennial soybean and archer, foam stability produced by entire plant, leaves, stem and legumes methanol extract was considered constant, nevertheless puero showed significative result, creating the following regression equations y= -2.0111x 44.984 for leaf; y= -2.4x 37.957 for stem; y= -2.9049 x 31.779 for plant entire and y= -15.383x 125.31 for methanol extract. The aim of third chapter was to evaluate fungi association to legumes: Pueraria phaseoloides (puero), Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean), Macrotyloma axillare (archer), Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) and Arachis pintoi cv Amarillo (pinto), however, due to substances over legumes leaves presenting disgusting feature they have been considered unappropriate to animal feeding. According Barnett and hunter (1990) and Pitt and Hocking (1997) fungi amorphous reproduction elements were used. For fungi macroscopic and microscopic identification, Imprint tape technique, NaOH and blue cotton were used. The following fungi: Alternaria spp, Phitomyces chartarum, Nigrospora spp, Cladosporium spp, Mucor spp, Fusarium spp, Pseudomicrodochium spp, Tetraploa spp, Acremonium spp, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia spp and Micelia sterilia were reported, at all. / Este trabalho foi dividido em tr?s cap?tulos, o primeiro realizou-se com o objetivo de identificar as classes de metab?litos secund?rios presentes em tr?s leguminosas forrageiras Pueraria phaseoloides (kudzu tropical), Macrotyloma axillare (macrotiloma) e Neonotonia wightii (soja perene). Metab?litos estes, que quando presentes em plantas podem provocar efeitos adversos ao animal ocasionando diminui??o na ingest?o, digest?o e biodisponibilidade de nutrientes os que lhes conferem a denomina??o de fatores antinutricionais, estes efeitos podem repercutir de forma sist?mica acarretando diminui??o do desempenho animal ou rebanho. Para este estudo foi realizada a prospec??o fitoqu?mica, an?lise de Resson?ncia Magn?tica Nuclear de Hidrog?nio (RMN 1H) e Espectroscopia no Infravermelho (IV). Foram identificadas as seguintes classes de metab?litos secund?rios: ?cidos org?nicos, a??cares redutores, deps?dios e depsidonas, derivados da cumarina, ester?ides e triterpen?ides, saponinas, glicos?deos card?acos, sacar?deos e taninos nas tr?s esp?cies estudadas. O kudzu tropical e soja perene apresentaram ainda sinais compat?veis para a presen?a de alcaloides. As classes de metab?litos secund?rios estudadas apresentam compostos com efeitos antinutricionais para os animais, alguns destes efeitos s?o dependentes da quantidade ingerida e da esp?cie animal como o caso dos sacar?deos e ac?cares redutores que possuem efeitos antinutricionais em monog?stricos segundo literaturas consultadas. O segundo cap?tulo deste trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar o teor de tanino condensado atrav?s da Rea??o de Stiasny e avaliar a estabilidade in vitro da espuma formada pelas leguminosas, kudzu tropical, macrotiloma e soja perene. Para a quantifica??o do tanino, foram tomados em separados as por??es, planta inteira, folhas e haste, utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas alocando-se as leguminosas nas parcelas e as por??es nas subparcelas. A m?dia do resultado obtido foi submetida ? an?lise de vari?ncia e comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey (P<0,05), os efeitos das intera??es entre leguminosas e por??es foram desdobrados pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05) a avalia??o da produ??o e estabilidade da espuma in vitro foi realizada devido ? espuma produzida por leguminosas ser referida como poss?vel agente etiol?gico do meteorismo espumoso em ruminantes. Neste estudo utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas com tr?s repeti??es cada, onde as por??es compostas por planta inteira, folhas, e haste e o extratos metan?lico bruto foram consideradas as parcelas e o tempo de repouso (0, 5, 10, 30 e 60min) onde aferiu-se o volume as subparcelas. O resultado referente ao volume produzido e conservado durante o tempo de repouso foi submetido ? an?lise de vari?ncia e as m?dias de cada por??o dentro de cada tempo foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P<0.05) o efeito do volume conservado durante o tempo e a intera??o entre leguminosas e tempo de aferi??o foi desdobrados pela an?lise de regress?o e a intera??o da estabilidade da espuma formada foi avaliada em fun??o da porcentagem de espuma remanescente. Como resultado deste estudo o teor de tanino condensado variou de 1 a 1,6%. Quanto ? estabilidade da espuma produzida pelas por??es planta inteira, folha, haste e extrato metan?lico das leguminosas foi considerada est?vel para as por??es referentes ? soja perene e macrotiloma, entretanto o kudzu apresentou um resultado significativo para a estabilidade da espuma para as quatros por??es em estudos, gerando as equa??es de regress?o y=-2,0111x44,984 para a por??o folha; y= -2,4x37,957 para a por??o haste; y= -2,9049x31,779 para a por??o planta inteira e para o extrato metan?lico a equa??o y= -15,383x 125,31. O objetivo da realiza??o do terceiro cap?tulo deste estudo foi avaliar a associa??o de fungos com as leguminosas: Pueraria phaseoloides (kudzu tropical), Neonotonia wightii (soja perene), Macrotyloma axillare (macrotiloma), Calopogonium mucunoides (calopog?nio) e Arachis pintoi cv.amarillo (amendoim forrageiro) devido ? presen?a de subst?ncias encontradas depositadas sobre as folhas das leguminosas as quais conferiram aspecto repugnante para inclus?o na alimenta??o animal. Para esta avalia??o foram utilizados os elementos de reprodu??o amorfas dos fungos de acordo com as metodologias de Barnett e Hunter, (1990) e Pitt e Hocking, (1997). Na identifica??o observaram-se a macroscopia e microscopia dos fungos utilizando Imprint com fitas adesivas ou lam?nulas de vidro, NaOH e Azul de algod?o, diretamente do material obtido das leguminosas e das col?nias desenvolvidas em Agar Sabouraud Dextrose e Agar Simples, sendo identificados os fungos Alternaria spp, Phitomyces chartarum, Nigrospora spp, Cladosporium spp, Mucor spp, Fusarium spp, Pseudomicrodochium spp, Tetraploa spp, Acremonium spp, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia spp e Mic?lia ster?lia.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-12T19:35:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelinoGevilbergueViana_TESE.pdf: 5841614 bytes, checksum: a1942694c0220572b2895b7fa57c26cc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-14T18:31:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelinoGevilbergueViana_TESE.pdf: 5841614 bytes, checksum: a1942694c0220572b2895b7fa57c26cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-14T18:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelinoGevilbergueViana_TESE.pdf: 5841614 bytes, checksum: a1942694c0220572b2895b7fa57c26cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A corros?o microbiologicamente induzida (CMI) atinge todos os setores de produ??o da ind?stria de petr?leo e g?s e demanda expressivos gastos e investimentos para preven??o e controle. O objetivo dessa tese foi avaliar as atividades biocida e antibiofouling de metab?litos de microrganismos endof?ticos de Lippia gracilis Schauer como tamb?m do ?leo essencial (puro e em sistema microemulsionado) dessa esp?cie sobre biofilmes microbianos em a?o carbono 1020 AISI. Os experimentos utilizaram cupons de a?o carbono 1020 AISI dispostos em Erlenmyers e em sistema din?mico para a obten??o dos biofilmes. A avalia??o biocida dos metab?litos deu-se pela quantifica??o microbiana pelas t?cnicas de absorb?ncia, do n?mero mais prov?vel (NMP), antes e ap?s os tratamentos. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 0, 100, 150 e 200 ?g/L de cada metab?lito sobre biofilmes nos tempos de contato zero, duas, tr?s e quatro semanas, com tr?s repeti??es por tratamentos. A a??o antibiofouling foi realizada pelo contato dos metab?litos na maior concentra??o (200 ?g/L) com os biocupons antes da obten??o dos biofilmes. A a??o antimicrobiana do ?leo essencial de L. gracilis Schauer na forma pura, e em sistema microemulsionado, foi avaliada pela quantifica??o de bact?rias redutoras de sulfato (BRS), oxidantes de ferro (BOF), fungos, bact?rias aer?bias e anaer?bias totais, pelas t?cnicas de NMP, plaqueamento pour plate, espectrofotometria de massa (EM) e an?lise de micrografias realizadas antes e ap?s os tratamentos. A atividade anticorrosiva foi avaliada por imped?ncia e polariza??o eletroqu?micas, testes gravim?tricos (perda de massa e quantifica??o de pites) bem como pela obten??o de micrografias da superf?cie do a?o carbono. Amostras de L. gracilis Schauer foram coletadas no munic?pio de Mossor? - RN e foram isolados fungos e bact?rias das ra?zes e folhas. Uma nova esp?cie de fungo foi descoberta e identificada como Achaetomium lippae. Foram obtidos tr?s metab?litos: dois de fungos e um de bact?ria. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferen?a da atividade biocida e antibiofouling entre os metab?litos de endof?ticos de L. gracilis Schauer avaliados, sendo LGS-Rb1 o mais eficiente na maioria tipos microbianos testados, evitando a forma??o de biofouling e reduzindo a taxa de crescimento microbiano na maior concentra??o avaliada. Os ensaios eletroqu?micos e gravim?tricos mostraram que para todos os metab?litos houve varia??o na atividade anticorrosiva. O ?leo essencial de L. gracilis Schauer avaliado in natura inibiu significativamente o crescimento in vitro de C. bifermentans e de fungos em biofilme, reduzindo sua taxa de crescimento a zero a partir de 20 ?g.L-1. Os ensaios eletroqu?micos e gravim?tricos mostraram que a concentra??o de 60 ?g.L-1 do ?leo essencial foi eficiente na redu??o da corros?o. Nos ensaios usando o sistema microemulsionado o ?leo essencial inibiu eficientemente o crescimento de BRS, BOF e fungos ap?s 16 dias de contato e teve atividade antibiofouling ap?s 96 horas de contato com os biocupons de a?o carbono AISI 1020. Dessa forma os metab?litos de endof?ticos de L. gracilis Schauer bem como seu ?leo essencial mostram-se como novas alternativas de biocidas naturais eficientes no controle da corros?o microbiologicamente induzida. / The corrosion microbiologically induced (CMI) reaches all the sectors of production of the industry in Petroleum oil and Gas and demands expressive expensive and investments for prevention and control. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate the biocide and antibiofouling activities of secondary metabolites obtained from endophytic microorganisms of Lippia gracilis Schauer as well of the essential oil (pure and in microemulsified system) from this species on microbial biofilms in 1020 AISI carbono steel. The experiments for biocide activity used 1020 AISI carbon steel plate arranged in Erlenmyers and dynamic system with forced circulation for obtaining of the total biofilms from water produced by oil. The assessment for biocide of the metabolites from endophytic of L. gracilis Schauer resulted of the quantification of these species of bacteria in the quantification techniques by absorbance in more probable numbers (MPN), before and after the treatments, had been identified by gas chromatography coupled the spectrophotometry in mass (CG-MS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) just those who demonstrated activities. The treatments consisted in evaluating the concentrations 0, 100, 150 and 200 ?g/L in each metabolites on biofilms in times contact to zero, two, three and four weeks, with three repetition by treatments. The antibiofouling action was made in the contact of the metabolites in the highest concentration (200 ?g/L) with the bioplates before being inserted into the dynamic system. The antimicrobial action of the essential oil L. gracilis Schauer in the pure form and in a microemulsified system was evaluated by the quantification bacteria reducer of sulphate (BRS), oxidant of iron (BOI), fungi, aerobic bacteria and total anaerobes by the techniques of dilution, platingpourplate, spectrophotometry in mass (MS) and micrographs analysis made before and after the treatments. The anticorrosive activity of all bioproducts was evaluated by electrochemical impedance and polarization, gravimetric examinations of mass loss and quantification of pites, as well in the obtaining of micrographs of the carbon steel`s surface. Samples of L. gracilis Schauer were collected in the city of Mossor? - RN and were isolated fungi and bacteria from the roots and leaves. A new type of fungus was discovered and identified as Achaetomium lippae. Three metabolites were obtained: two fungi (LGS-Lf1 and LGS-Lf2, being "LGS" for L. gracilis Schauer, "L": leaf, ?f?: fungus and "R" for root) and one of bacteria (LGS-Rb1, being "LGS" for L. gracilis Schauer, "R": root and "b": bacterium). The results showed that there was a difference in the biocide activity and antibiofouling between the metabolites from endophytic of L. gracilis Schauer assessed, being just the LGS-Lf1 being efficient over all the microorganisms tested, avoiding the formation of biofouling on the surface of the material and reducing the rate of microbial growth at zero after 96 hours of contact at the highest concentration evaluated. The electrochemical and gravimetric tests displayed that for all the metabolites occured change in the anticorrosive activity. The L. gracilis Schauer essential oil evaluated in the pure form inhibited significally the growth in vito of C. bifermentans and of fungi in biofilm, reducing their growth rate to zero as from 20 ?g.L-1. The electrochemical and gravimetric tests showed that the concentration of 60 ?g.L-1 of the essential oil was efficient in the reduction of corrosion. In the tests, using the microemulsified system, the essential oil inhibited the growth of BRS, BOF and fungi 16 days later in contact and had antibiofouling activity after 96 hours in contact with the AISI 1020 bioplates of carbon steel. Therefore, the metabolites from endophytic of L. gracilis Schauer as well its essential oil are shown as new alternatives of natural biocides efficient in the control of the corrosion microbiologically induced.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-10-02T00:07:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_ariana_reis_17_12_2014.pdf: 4645024 bytes, checksum: bcc726ad75f2d5883fb9e1118b2a9d3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-02T00:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_ariana_reis_17_12_2014.pdf: 4645024 bytes, checksum: bcc726ad75f2d5883fb9e1118b2a9d3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / The aim of this study was to characterize the morphology, production, content, chemical composition and bioactive activity of essential oils of Lippia bromleyana, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia insignis and Lippia thymoides, endemic species of the Bahia semi-arid. The species were grown in the Experimental Station Horto Florestal State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS) in the city of Feira de Santana - Bahia. The essential oils are extracted from dry leaves and inflorescences, by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus, and chemical composition was determined by GC/MS and GC/FID. Were carried out quantitative and qualitative morphological characterizations, in addition to agronomic characterization. The leaf anatomy, types and frequency of hair were observed in binocular microscope and electronic scanning light. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the ability of the substances present in the sample capture the free radical DPPH, using five concentrations of essential oils (2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 mg mL1) and the antifungal activity by mycelium growth in vitro testing five essential oil concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 ?L mL-1). In conditions where the study was conducted, it can be concluded that there are morphological differences between species in all traits, except only the number of flowers per inflorescence; there agronomic differences for all traits with L. lasiocalycina stood out in relation to the variable oil yield, while L. insignis and L. thymoides regarding the essential oil content; were identified six types of glandular trichomes one, two and tetracelular and three types of trichomes; the species L. bromleyana presents as differential anatomical absence of trichomes on the abaxial surface; L. thymoides has glandular trichomes with irregular contours on both sides, distinguishing it from other species; the frequency of trichomes on the abaxial surface is higher in species L. insignis and L. lasiocalycina, which are more anatomically similar; the major compounds found in the samples of essential oils of L. bromleyana, L. lasiocalycina, L. insignis and L. thymoides were piperitone oxide and limonene; E-ocimenona, myrcenone, myrcene, ?-myrcene and ?-cymene; thymol, myrcenone and E-ocimenona; and ?-caryophyllene, germacrene D, respectively; L. insignis and L. bromleyana stood out in relation to the antioxidant and antifungal activity, respectively. / O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a morfologia e a produ??o, teor, composi??o qu?mica e atividade bioativa de ?leos essenciais de Lippia bromleyana, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia insignis e Lippia thymoides, esp?cies end?micas do semi?rido baiano. As esp?cies foram cultivadas na Unidade Experimental Horto Florestal da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), na cidade de Feira de Santana ? Bahia. Os ?leos essenciais foram extra?dos de folhas e infloresc?ncias secas, por meio da hidrodestila??o em aparelho de Clevenger e a composi??o qu?mica determinada por CG/EM e CG/DIC. Foram realizadas caracteriza??es morfol?gicas quantitativas e qualitativas, al?m da caracteriza??o agron?mica. A anatomia foliar, tipos e frequ?ncia de tricomas foram observados em microsc?pio de luz binocular e eletr?nico de varredura. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pela capacidade das subst?ncias presentes na amostra captarem o radical livre DPPH, utilizando cinco concentra??es dos ?leos essenciais (2, 6, 10, 14 e 18 mg mL-1) e a atividade antif?ngica pelo crescimento miceliano in vitro, testando cinco concentra??es do ?leo essencial (0,25, 0,50, 0,75, 1,0 e 1,25 ?L mL-1). Nas condi??es em que foi realizado o estudo, pode-se concluir que existem diferen?as morfol?gicas entre as esp?cies em todas as caracter?sticas avaliadas, com exce??o apenas para o n?mero de flores por infloresc?ncia; existem diferen?as agron?micas para todos os caracteres avaliados, sendo que L. lasiocalycina se destacou em rela??o ? vari?vel rendimento de ?leo, enquanto que L. insignis e L. thymoides em rela??o ao teor de ?leo essencial; foram identificados seis tipos de tricomas glandulares uni, bi e tetracelular e tr?s tipos de tricomas tectores; a esp?cie L. bromleyana apresenta como diferencial anat?mico aus?ncia de tricomas tectores na face abaxial; L. thymoides possui tricomas glandulares com contornos irregulares em ambas as faces, distinguindo-a das demais esp?cies; a frequ?ncia de tricomas tectores na face abaxial ? superior nas esp?cies L. insignis e L. lasiocalycina, as quais s?o mais semelhantes anatomicamente; os compostos majorit?rios encontrados nas amostras dos ?leos essenciais de L. bromleyana, L. lasiocalycina L. insignis e L. thymoides foram: ?xido de piperitona e limoneno; E-ocimenona, mircenona, mirceno, ?-mirceno e ?-cimeno; timol, mircenona e E-ocimenona; ?-cariofileno e germacreno D, respectivamente; L. insignis e L. bromleyana se destacaram em rela??o ? atividade antioxidante e antif?ngica, respectivamente.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaFGM.pdf: 2684798 bytes, checksum: 4d672e17bab00bdd5d88eb70b9c57edf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-30 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Many studies on environmental ecosystems quality related to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been carried out routinely due to their ubiquotus presence worldwide and to their potential toxicity after its biotransformation. PAH may be introduced into the environmet by natural and anthropogenic processes from direct runoff and discharges and indirect atmospheric deposition. Sources of naturally occurring PAHs include natural fires, natural oil seepage and recent biological or diagenetic processes. Anthropogenic sources of PAHs, acute or chronic, are combustion of organic matter (petroleum, coal, wood), waste and releases/spills of petroleum and derivatives (river runoff, sewage outfalls, maritime transport, pipelines). Besides the co-existence of multiples sources of PAH in the environmental samples, these compounds are subject to many processes that lead to geochemical fates (physical-chemical transformation, biodegradation and photo-oxidation), which leads to an alteration of their composition. All these facts make the identification of the hydrocarbons sources, if petrogenic, pyrolytic or natural, a challenge. One of the objectives of this study is to establish tools to identify the origin of hydrocarbons in environmental samples. PAH diagnostic ratios and PAH principal component analysis were tested on a critical area: Guanabara Bay sediments. Guanabara Bay is located in a complex urban area of Rio de Janeiro with a high anthropogenic influence, being an endpoint of chronic pollution from the Greater Rio and it was the scenario of an acute event of oil release in January 2000. It were quantified 38 compounds, parental and alkylated PAH, in 21 sediment samples collected in two surveys: 2000 and 2003. The PAH levels varied from 400 to 58439 ng g-1. Both tested techniques for origin identification of hydrocarbons have shown their applicability, being able to discriminate the PAH sources for the majority of the samples analysed. The bay sediments were separated into two big clusters: sediments with a clear pattern of petrogenic introduction of hydrocarbons (from intertidal area) and sediments with combustion characteristics (from subtidal region). Only a minority of the samples could not display a clear contribution of petrogenic or pyrolytic input. The diagnostic ratios that have exhibited high ability to distinguish combustion- and petroleum-derived PAH inputs for Guanabara Bay sediments were Phenanthrene+Anthracene/(Phenanthrene+Anthracene+C1Phenanthrene); Fluorantene/(Fluorantene+Pyrene); &#931; (other 3-6 ring PAHs)/ &#931; (5 alkylated PAH series). The PCA results prooved to be a useful tool for PAH source identification in the environment, corroborating the diagnostic indexes. In relation to the temporal evaluation carried out in this study, it was not verified significant changes on the class of predominant source of the samples. This result indicates that the hydrocarbons present in the Guanabara Bay sediments are mainly related to the long-term anthropogenic input and not directly related to acute events such as the oil spill of January 2000. This findings were similar to various international estuarine sites. Finally, this work had a complementary objective of evaluating the level of hydrocarbons exposure of the aquatic organisms of Guanabara Bay. It was a preliminary study in which a quantification of 12 individual biliar metabolites of PAH was performed in four demersal fish representing three different families. The analysed metabolites were 1-hydroxynaphtalene, 2-hidroxinaphtalene, 1hydroxyphenanthrene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1hydroxypyrene, 3-hidroxibiphenil, 3- hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxychrysene, 9hydroxyfluorene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenz(a)pyrene. The metabolites concentrations were found to be high, ranging from 13 to 177 ?g g-1, however they were similar to worldwide regions under high anthropogenic input. Besides the metabolites established by the used protocol, it was possible to verified high concentrations of three other compounds not yet reported in the literature. They were related to pyrolytic PAH contribution to Guanabara Bay aquatic biota: 1-hydroxypyrine and 3-hydroxybenz(a)pyrine isomers / In?meros estudos da qualidade de ecossistemas naturais em rela??o a contamina??o de hidrocarbonetos polic?ciclos arom?ticos (HPA) t?m sido desenvolvidos continuadamente face a sua presen?a ub?quoa em todo o planeta e ao seu potencial t?xico ap?s a biotransforma??o. A introdu??o dos HPA no meio ambiente pode ocorrer atrav?s de processos naturais e antropog?nicos, atrav?s de despejos e/ou drenagens e deposi??o atmosf?rica indireta. Fontes naturais de HPA incluem queimadas naturais, exsuda??es de ?leo e processos biog?nicos recentes. Fontes antropog?nicas de HPA, advindas de eventos cr?nicos ou agudos, s?o a combust?o incompleta de ?leo combust?vel automotivo e industrial, a queima intencional de madeira e planta??es, os despejos dom?sticos e industriais, as drenagens pluviais urbanas, os efluentes da ind?stria petrol?fera, os derrames acidentais de ?leo e derivados. Al?m da coexist?ncia de m?ltiplas fontes destes hidrocarbonetos nas amostras ambientais, os HPA est?o sujeitos a v?rios processos geoqu?micos que conduzem ? altera??o de sua composi??o qu?mica ao longo do tempo, tornando a identifica??o das fontes contaminantes, se petrog?nica, pirol?tica ou natural, um verdadeiro desafio. Desta forma, um dos objetivos deste estudo foi estabelecer ferramentas que possibilitem a determina??o das fontes de hidrocarbonetos no meio ambiente. Foram utilizadas raz?es diagn?sticas e an?lise de componentes principais de HPA, tendo sido quantificados 38 compostos, incluindo os HPA parentais e alquilados, em 21 amostras de sedimento da Ba?a de Guanabara, coletadas nos anos de 2000 e 2003. A Ba?a de Guanabara ? um ecossistema estuarino com elevada influ?ncia antropog?nica, que recebe polui??o cr?nica da regi?o metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro e que foi cen?rio de um derrame de ?leo em janeiro de 2000. As concentra??es de HPA nos sedimentos estudados apresentaram-se na faixa de 400 a 58439 ng g-1. Ambas as t?cnicas de diferencia??o de fontes de HPA testadas, raz?es diagn?sticas e an?lise de componentes principais, demonstraram sua aplicabilidade, permitindo a diferencia??o das fontes de HPA para a maioria dos sedimentos da ba?a, que foram divididos em dois grandes grupos: sedimentos com padr?es de introdu??o de hidrocarbonetos predominantemente petrog?nicos e sedimentos com caracter?sticas de combust?o. Apenas uma minoria de amostras n?o apresentou com nitidez a natureza de sua contamina??o. As raz?es que apresentaram maior capacidade em diferenciar as fontes de HPA foram Fluoranteno / (Fluoranteno + Pireno), (Fenantreno + Antraceno) / (Fenantreno + Antraceno + C1Fenantreno) e o ?ndice pirol?tico, &#931; (HPA parentais de 3-6 an?is) /&#931; (5 s?ries de HPA alquilados). Na avalia??o temporal realizada neste estudo n?o foram verificadas varia??es significativas na natureza das fontes contaminantes predominantes na ba?a, revelando que os hidrocarbonetos presentes est?o correlacionados principalmente com os aportes cr?nicos e n?o diretamente com eventos agudos como o derrame de ?leo ocorrido em janeiro de 2000. Este estudo teve como segundo objetivo a avalia??o preliminar do n?vel de exposi??o a que os organismos aqu?ticos da Ba?a de Guanabara est?o submetidos, atrav?s da quantifica??o de 12 metab?litos individuais de HPA presentes em bile de peixe de quatro esp?cies demersais representativas de tr?s fam?lias diferentes. Os metab?litos analisados foram 1-hidroxinaftaleno, 1-hidroxifenantreno, 9hidroxifenantreno, 2-hidroxinaftaleno, 2-hidroxifenantreno, 1-hidroxipireno, 3hidroxibifenila, 3-hidroxifenantreno, 1-hidroxicriseno, 9-hidroxifluoreno, 4hidroxifenantreno, 3-hidroxibenzo(a)pireno. As concentra??es encontradas nas esp?cies de peixes analisadas mostraram-se elevadas, na faixa de 13 a 177 ?g g1, por?m similares ?s encontradas em algumas regi?es de grande influ?ncia antropog?nica, tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior. Al?m dos metab?litos estabelecidos pela metodologia utilizada, foi poss?vel quantificar tr?s compostos, ainda n?o reportados na literatura, em concentra??es relevantes. Estes metab?litos, relacionados a contribui??o pirol?tica de HPA aos organismos aqu?ticos da Ba?a de Guanabara, s?o is?meros de 1-hidroxipireno e de 3-hidroxibenzo(a)pireno