Women in the Theological Anthropology of the Afrikaans Reformed Tradition This dissertation examines women in the theological anthropology of the Afrikaans Reformed Churches. The study is set out as follows: In Chapter 1, a survey of methodology is presented. The exposition of the question about the theological anthropology is done against a poststructural background. Both structuralism and poststructuralism largely put aside existentialism as an inadequate methodology. Chapter 2 aims to give an overview of the contribution of Michel Foucault. The chapter begins with a discussion of structuralism. This brief overview is then followed by a classification and investigation of the basic aspects of Foucault's approach. The chapter highlights Foucault's rootedness in poststructuralism. Chapter 3 attempts to explain silence of women in the theological anthropology of Dutch Reformed Church. The central aim of Chapter 3 is to demonstrate, against the development of the women ministries and the discourse about the ordination of women, that the Dutch Reformed Church theological anthropology is deeply influenced by the discursive practices developed during 1928-1932. Chapter 4 gives an overview of the developments in the theological anthropology of the Dutch Reformed Mission Church, Dutch Reformed Church of Africa and the Uniting Reformed Church of Southern Africa that took place from 1924 until 2002. Different approaches to the women question developed in the course of time. At the heart of the discourse is the shift in the reading process. The developments in the feminist standpoint theory as such led to this displacement. In Chapter 5 the deconstruction of the theological anthropology are being discussed. Preference is given in this chapter to the concept partnership or transformative relations. In the concluding chapter [Chapter 6], a poststructural feminist discourse is presented. Selected guidelines that the church may wish to take into account in the deconstructing of the theological anthropology are suggested. In the future, the frame of reference to the women question would likely be poststructural. / Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)

This study discusses self-care enunciated in harm reduction strategies targeted at drug users. Such strategies call themselves potentiating an ethical stance, as it allows these drug users become then the protagonists of their own actions, and gain freedom in their choices in their life decisions. From this statement, and in the face at Michel Foucault s thought, the survey asks whether the self-care of harm reduction would be related to an ethical dimension liberating, or a moral imperative of care in the field of health practices. Analyzes run through a path that include the articulation of three research plans: a history, a politician and ethical, built at the same time that cross. The onslaught historical presents the first formulation of a notion of social medicine in Germany, France, England and Brazil, as well as their relationships with the notion of medical police, practices militarization and biopolitics. On the political dilemmas are analyzed instances drawn between legal and health to address the issue of drugs. Amid the political and historical discussions, research hypothesizes that practices harm reduction meets an update of social medicine. The plan calls into question the ethical statements of self-care strategies present in harm reduction, opposed to the joint ethics and politics in Foucault s thought in its historical research of antiquity / A presente pesquisa discute o cuidado de si enunciado nas estratégias de redução de danos direcionadas aos usuários de drogas. Tais estratégias intitulam-se potencializadoras de uma postura ética, pois possibilita a esses usuários de drogas tornarem-se, então, protagonistas de suas próprias ações, e adquirir liberdade em suas escolhas, em suas decisões de vida. A partir dessa afirmação, e em face ao pensamento de Michel Foucault, a pesquisa questiona se o cuidado de si da redução de danos seria condizente a uma dimensão ético-libertadora, ou a um imperativo moral do cuide-se no campo das práticas de saúde. As análises percorrem um caminho que compreende a articulação de três planos de investigação: um histórico, um político e um ético, construídos ao mesmo tempo em que se atravessam. A investida histórica apresenta as primeiras formulações de uma noção de medicina social na Alemanha, na França, na Inglaterra e no Brasil, bem como suas relações com a noção de polícia médica, práticas de militarização e biopolítica. No plano político são analisados dilemas traçados entre as instâncias jurídicas e da saúde ao tratar da questão das drogas. Em meio às discussões históricas e políticas, a pesquisa levanta a hipótese de que as práticas de redução de danos condizem a uma atualização da medicina social. O plano ético põe em questão os enunciados do cuidado de si presentes nas estratégias de redução de danos, contrapostas à articulação ética e política no pensamento de Foucault em sua pesquisa histórica da Antiguidade.

This thesis asks two central questions: (1.) Is there a link between atrocities committed during American counterinsurgency campaigns and race? (2.) Is there continuity between the counterinsurgency techniques deployed in the Philippines and in Iraq in this respect? In an effort to answer these questions I propose to briefly outline the chapters which are to follow. In Chapter 1 I propose to tackle the question of race using the following questions as broad guides to my investigation: what is it? how do we understand it? how will it be operationalized? In other words, this first chapter serves both as a literature review and an outline of the theoretical framework to be adopted in the later sections of this thesis. It outlines the current state of the concept ‘race’ in the literature of various fields of politics with an eye to finding space for a critical approach. In the end, I settle on the elegant framework set forth by Roxanne Lynn Doty. In Chapter 2, carrying forward Doty’s operationalized concept of race, I undertake an analysis of the discourse and practice surrounding American Counterinsurgency Policy during the invasion of the Philippines from 1899-1903. First; I investigate the role that racialized discourse played in the domestic and international contexts surrounding the invasion of the Philippines. Second; I delve into the empirical historical record to attempt to sketch out how racism was deployed on the ground in the counterinsurgency in the Philippines and what relationship the acts of atrocity committed there had with racial discourse. Following the findings of Chapter 2 I attempt to investigate the extent to which these mechanisms existed in the counterinsurgency in Iraq in Chapter 3. The investigation of Iraq is structured similarly to that of the Philippines but, due to the absolute abundance of information on Iraq, it is broken into three sections. The first section examines the role of race in the 2 domestic politics of the United States before, during, and after September 11, 2001. The second section sketches out an emerging international logic concerning military intervention and development. The final section sketches out the empirical reality of how race was used in atrocity in Iraq.

International investment agreements largely cover today’s transnational investments. These agreements confer certain substantive rights to foreign investors while simultaneously obliging host-states to act in a given manner so as to not interfere with the investments. Most international investment agreements further contain an arbitration clause which provides the investor with the means to enforce the substantive rights of the agreement by directly bringing a claim against the host-state before an arbitral tribunal. Consequently, privately contracted arbitrators have the authority to scrutinize and overrule essentially any sovereign act of the host-state that may affect the investment – judicial and legislative acts included. This practice affects not only the parties of the dispute; when the arbitral award claims superiority to the state’s electoral choices, it further constrains the exercise of sovereignty by the population of the host-state. As a result, the arbitrators who manage the disputes and the investors who initiate them have become central power-holders in the context of both international and domestic law. Meanwhile, the arbitrators and investors alike seem to be unaccountable to the states and individuals who are adversely affected by their power assertions. A commonly accepted feature of democracy is that those who govern and wield power should be accountable to those who are governed and subjected to this power. This thesis relates this notion to a Foucauldian understanding of power, domination and resistance. The primary aim of the thesis is to examine the interplay between the prominent subjects involved in investor-state arbitration and to what degree these subjects hold power in the form of transformative capacity. After this investigation into the relations of power, the thesis scrutinizes the subjugated subjects’ ability to exercise effective resistance through institutionalized accountability mechanisms. The thesis detects an accountability deficit in the regime and concludes that foreign investors and arbitrators hold a dominant position within the context of investor-state arbitration, while states and individuals find themselves in a state of domination. The international investment regime, as it currently stands, is thus found to suffer from a democracy deficit, while it concurrently seems to undermine domestic democratic institutions.

The concept of the contemporary author in case of J. K. Rowling The diploma thesis deals with the contemporary concept of the author which is examined on the specific case of Joanne Kathleen Rowling. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the biography of the author and the previous philosophical theories concerning the concept of the author and his/her role in the identity of the literary work. The main authors of the theories are Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, and Umberto Eco, whose concept is crucial for this thesis. The research part presents specific styles of writing which are characteristic for authors and applies this theory to the analysis of two literary works of J. K. Rowling. The conclusion of the thesis is the summary of the research and an attempt to define the concept of the contemporary author. Key words The author, authorship, literary work, pseudonym, the concept of the author, style of writing, J. K. Rowling, Robert Galbraith, Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Umberto Eco

This study explores the theme of spatiality as based on a reading of the novel Flammenwand. Roman mit Anmerkungen. by Marlene Streeruwitz, and takes as its focus points the notion of atopias/non-places, the disciplining nature of spaces, the necropolitics of division, and the idea of chronotope to discover how the story is situated. The study further considers how idyllic interpretations of the space of origin are treated as utopic in the novel. Relying as well on Jurij M. Lotman’s thoughts on the structure and limits of the text/work of art, the study aims to suggest how the theme of boundaries and transgressing them also is shown in the form of the novel.

Cette thèse porte sur le fonctionnement du discours urbanistique à Montréal durant les Trente Glorieuses. Contre l’interprétation dominante selon laquelle l’urbanisme des Trente Glorieuses serait démesurément technophile et confisquerait le pouvoir de parler de la ville, nous montrons qu’en dramatisant la décomposition de l’objet urbain et en faisant de la définition même de la ville un problème, l’urbanisme crée un espace discursif ouvert dans lequel la technique se présente à la fois comme un problème et une solution. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons la prégnance de la critique de l’urbanisme technocratique (dont l’expression typique se trouve chez Jane Jacobs) dans la théorie politique contemporaine, au moyen d’une analyse du livre à succès Seeing Like a State de James C. Scott. Nous montrons que cette critique repose sur une hypothèse du surplomb dont le fonctionnement est analogue à ce que Michel Foucault appelle « l’hypothèse répressive ». Nous expliquons son succès en montrant qu’elle correspond à la vision dominante de la critique comme procès de la raison. Rejetant la réception qui en a été faite par les anti-planificateurs, nous montrons enfin que l’on retrouve dans la méthode archéologique de Foucault des éléments pour une analyse de l’urbanisme qui ne soit pas uniquement centrée sur les tares de l’idéologie moderniste et la croissance démesurée du pouvoir technocratique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous forgeons une hypothèse quant à la structure du discours urbanistique au moyen d’une relecture d’Emmanuel Kant, Reinhart Koselleck et Hans Jonas. Plutôt que d’assimiler l’urbanisme à une forme démesurée (hubris) du rationalisme, il s’agit d’y trouver une réflexion particulièrement sophistiquée sur les limites du pouvoir de connaître, dont l’analytique de la finitude kantienne est la forme paradigmatique. Nous utilisons ensuite l’histoire des concepts de Koselleck pour éclairer le fonctionnement et les effets intradiscursifs de la remise en question du concept traditionnel de ville à laquelle procède l’urbanisme. Enfin, l’éthique de la technique de Jonas nous permet de montrer que la planification moderne s’appuie sur (et se justifie par) les dangers que pose un développement techno-industriel incontrôlé. Dans un troisième temps, nous testons cette hypothèse au moyen d’une étude du discours urbanistique montréalais de 1941 à 1967. Analysant comment les premiers professionnels du Service d’urbanisme de la Ville se représentent Montréal, nous traitons de l’idée de « ville en mouvement », des modalités de représentation de l’espace urbain et de l’injonction à réinventer la ville que l’on retrouve dans le discours urbanistique. À partir de trois figures transversales, soit Hans Blumenfeld, Claude Robillard et Jean-Claude La Haye, nous montrons que le discours urbanistique montréalais des Trente Glorieuses est polyphonique, c’est-à-dire qu’on y retrouve différentes tactiques de légitimation qui forment toutes des variations d’une même grande stratégie discursive de décomposition et recomposition de l’objet urbain. Nous verrons ces tactiques à l’œuvre dans la rénovation urbaine (le plan Dozois et le projet pour le quartier de la Petite-Bourgogne), l’organisation de l’expertise urbanistique (l’Institut d’urbanisme et la Commission provinciale d’urbanisme), et les velléités de planification métropolitaine (Horizon 2000). / This dissertation focuses on the structure of the urban discourse in Montreal during the Trente Glorieuses (Glorious Thirty). Against the dominant interpretation, according to which the urban planning of the Glorious Thirties was disproportionately technophile and had confiscated the power to speak of the city, we show that by dramatizing the decomposition of the urban object and by making the very definition of the city a problem, urban planning creates a discursive space in which technique presents itself as both a problem and a solution. First, we analyze the significance of the critique of technocratic urban planning (the typical expression of which is found in Jane Jacobs) in contemporary political theory, by means of an analysis of the best-selling book Seeing Like a State by James C. Scott. We show that this critique is based on an “overhang hypothesis”, the operation of which is analogous to what Michel Foucault calls “the repressive hypothesis”. We explain its success by showing that it corresponds to the dominant view of criticism as the trial of reason. Rejecting the reception given to it by the anti-planners, we then show that one can find in Foucault's archaeological method elements for an analysis of urban planning that is not only centered on the flaws of modernist ideology and the disproportionate growth of technocratic power. Secondly, we forge a hypothesis about the structure of the urbanistic discourse by means of a rereading of Immanuel Kant, Reinhart Koselleck and Hans Jonas. Rather than assimilating urban planning with a disproportionate form (hubris) of rationalism, it is a question of finding in it a particularly sophisticated reflection on the limits of the power to know, of which the analytic of Kantian finitude is the paradigmatic form. We then use the history of Koselleck's concepts to shed light on the functioning and the intradiscursive effects of the questioning of the traditional concept of city that is carried out by urban planners Finally, Jonas’s ethics of technology allows us to show that modern planning relies on (and is justified by) the dangers of uncontrolled techno-industrial development. Thirdly, we test this hypothesis by means of a study of Montreal's urban planning discourse from 1941 to 1967. Analyzing how the first professionals of the City's Planning Department represented Montreal, we deal with the idea of a city in motion, the methods of representing urban space and the injunction to reinvent the city that we find in urban discourse. Based on three transversal figures—namely Hans Blumenfeld, Claude Robillard and Jean-Claude La Haye—we show that the urban planning discourse of the Glorious Thirties in Montreal is polyphonic, which is to say, we find different legitimization tactics that all form variations of the same great discursive strategy of decomposing and recomposing the urban object. We will see these tactics at work in urban renewal (the Dozois plan and the project for the Little Burgundy district (Petite-Bourgogne)), the organization of urban planning expertise (l’Institut d’urbanisme et la Commission provinciale d’urbanisme), and metropolitan planning ideas (Horizon 2000).

This thesis describes and analyses discourses that preceded the legislation changes regarding assisted reproduction in connection with setting an upper age limit for women who are undergoing assisted reproduction treatments in socialist system as well as in democratic system. This work defined discourses of both political systems compares with the accent on governmentality as a tool for population control. This analysis is valuable primarily because of describing principles of working the whole "system of assisted reproduction" and provides insight into the political discourse of infertility, respective on its part concerning the Czech legislation taking into account the phenomenon of reproductive tourism. No one from the topics - both the political discourse of infertility then the reproductive tourism have not had been in the Czech literature written up yet. The work shows the establishment of proper parenting standards in the political discourse through the topic of artificial insemination. Key words Infertility, assisted reproduction, reproductive tourism, discourse, frames, normality of motherhood, prekarization of infertility, governmentality, biopower, Michel Foucault

In this thesis I am concernced with a Foucauldian analysis of neoliberal government and application of this concept in the Petr Nečas's government. The Foucauldian analysis of power is a constant critical process that is supposed to modify according to changing terms. Foucault argues that the core of the art of government is a conflict. He doesn't understand the modern history as a history of law and peace. From the Foucauldian point of view the modern history has always been the history of conflict of two races. The winnig race determines law and rules of the whole society. It means that law and freedom are tools of governance. The basis of Foucault's concept is a relationship between power, knowledge and subject. This relationship constitutes technologies of governance. Foucault talks about three techniques - pastoral power, disciplinary power and bio-power. The bio-power is especially in the modern age. The modern art of government uses knowledge of experts (statistics, analyses, reports) for conduct of conduct. The inidividuals are not only the recepients of effects of power, but also they are distributors of power. The identity of subjects is formed by family, teachers and co- workers and they are also formed by their milieu. The consequence of this process is mentality of a modern person. The...

Der Körper wird von der kultur-, sozial- und geisteswissenschaftlichen Körperforschung und der Geschlechterforschung gleichermaßen als historisch geworden, kulturell spezifisch und sozial gerahmt verstanden und untersucht. Dabei gerät der menschliche Körper im Spannungsfeld von Natur und Kultur in den Blick. Geschlecht und Körper sind vielfach aufeinander bezogen. Die Naturalisierung des Geschlechtskörpers diente unter anderem dem Ausschluss von Frauen aus der öffentlichen Sphäre.