This master thesis analyzes the question, how norm authority constitutes itself in the context of school education. It is based on firsthand data from several adio- and audiovisual recordings of classes in two German schools (trade school and high school). The project provides a description of the mechanism by which the teacher establishes himself as the norm-authority and how he is able to assert this authority towards the student, the norm subject. At the same time, the reaction of the norm subjects towards the intervention of the norm authority into their language production is analyzed. Theoretically, the essay is embedded in the social force field of a standard-variety ("soziales Kräftefeld einer Standardvarietät") by Ulrich Ammon and the language management theory. By following the steps of the language management process, the handling of the language norm is described and an analysis is made of how language norms are actively adopted into the learning process. The analysis and evaluation of the class recordings underline the dynamic character of language norms and show the procedural nature of norm formation and their adoption. Key Words: norm, variety, social force field, language management, macro and micro level, norm authority, norm subject

Os processos de avaliação empreendidos por agências governamentais e instituições de ensino vêm crescentemente se pautando em parâmetros mensuráveis (quantitativos), incluindo os indicadores bibliométricos. Almejando análises em nível Macro, se baseiam em indicadores de periódicos em nível Meso (Fator de Impacto do Journal Citation Reports). Nesse sentido, a pesquisa realizada vislumbrou a proposição de um modelo de avaliação bibliométrica em nível individual (Micro), que abarcou um conjunto de variáveis e de contextos dos docentes do Instituto de Geociências da Universidade de São Paulo (IGc/USP). Pautou-se em aspectos quantitativos, mas também qualitativos, oferecendo um diagnóstico da produção científica, buscando propiciar uma visão mais estratégica do processo de comunicação científica. Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica de pesquisadores com vistas à adaptação de um modelo de avaliação bibliométrica em nível individual, que forneça subsídios para o planejamento de uma avaliação institucional. Procedimentos Metodológicos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, com finalidade exploratório-descritiva, utilizando-se de levantamento de dados e análise bibliométrica baseada no método desenvolvido por Gorraiz; Wieland e Gumpenberger (2016) e adaptada à realidade do IGc/USP. Os métodos foram divididos em três partes: (1) Análise Geral, em que se realizou: (a) o mapeamento da inserção da comunidade de docentes do IGc/USP em plataformas de identificação de autores e registro da produtividade científica, e; (b) um diagnóstico da produção científica do IGc/USP, agregando dados de diversas fontes, tanto institucionais (Banco de Dados Bibliográfico da USP - Dedalus; sistemas corporativos; CAPES etc.) quanto comerciais (ResearchGate, Scopus e WoS) para o desenvolvimento de uma base de dados da produção da instituição; (2) Análise Amostral que, utilizando-se da base de dados desenvolvida, estabeleceu critérios para a seleção de uma amostra de docentes, definida com base em diferentes perfis de publicação identificados, considerando níveis de internacionalização de sua produção científica; (3) Adaptação do Método de Gorraiz, Wieland e Gumpenberger, que se baseou em: (a) entrevista estruturada com os docentes da amostra, com o objetivo de prover suporte à identificação, desambiguação, coleta e análise dos dados a serem utilizados, e; (b) desenvolvimento do perfil bibliométrico individual da produção científica desses docentes, analisando-se: atividade de publicação, coautorias; colaboração (institucional, nacional, internacional); afiliação empregada e financiamentos de pesquisa recebidos; visibilidade e impacto da produção científica; referências utilizadas em seus artigos; e informações adicionais. Resultados: (1) A Análise Geral permitiu traçar o perfil da comunidade estudada, totalizando 88 docentes (Ativos, Sêniores e Aposentados em atividade) e gerar uma base de produção científica com mais de 10 mil documentos das mais diversas tipologias; para a (2) A Análise Amostral, considerou somente os docentes Ativos e sua produção em periódicos (domésticos e estrangeiros) e possibilitou a identificação de nove diferentes perfis de publicação, dos quais selecionou-se um docente por perfil; (3) As entrevistas com os docentes propiciaram o desenvolvimento dos relatórios/perfis bibliométricos de cada um. Observou-se que, dos nove docentes, apenas dois não tiveram evolução de sua produção rumo à internacionalização; em termos de visibilidade, constatou-se que a mediana do percentual de artigos publicados em periódicos indexados na WoS foi de 68,75%; quanto à colaboração internacional, a mediana foi de 56,10%; e a mediana de artigos publicados no 1º Quartil de periódicos do JCR foi de 41,18%. O método adaptado nesta pesquisa mostrou-se funcional e atento às melhores práticas de comunicação científica, apresentando-se como uma ferramenta promissora a ser utilizada em avaliações institucionais. Considerações Finais: O estudo constatou a aplicabilidade, reprodutibilidade e adaptabilidade do método analisado e concluiu que a utilização do método como um todo pode trazer benefícios, pelo fato de permitir uma análise detalhada da produção e impacto da pesquisa realizada, com o adicional de não o fazer de maneira estática, mas considerando aspectos contextuais, além de evoluções ao longo do tempo. / The evaluation processes undertaken by government agencies and educational institutions have increasingly been based on measurable (quantitative) parameters, including bibliometric indicators. Targeting analyzes at the Macro level, they are based on journals indicators at the Meso level (Impact Factor of Journal Citation Reports). For that matter, the research carried out looked at the proposal of a model of bibliometric evaluation at the individual level (Micro), which included a set of variables and contexts of the teachers of the Geosciences Institute of the Universidade de São Paulo (IGc / USP). It was based on quantitative but also qualitative aspects, offering a diagnosis of the scientific production, seeking to provide a more strategic vision of the scientific communication process. Objective: To analyze the scientific production of researchers with a view to adapting a model of bibliometric evaluation at the individual level, which provides subsidies for the planning of an institutional evaluation. Methodological Procedures: This is a qualitative and quantitative research, with an exploratorydescriptive purpose, using data collection and bibliometric analysis based on the method developed by Gorraiz; Wieland and Gumpenberger (2016) and adapted to the reality of IGc / USP. The methods were divided into three parts: (1) General Analysis, in which: (a) mapping of the insertion of the teaching community of IGc / USP into platforms for the identification of authors and cataloguing of scientific production; (b) a diagnosis of the scientific production of IGc / USP, aggregating data from several sources, both institutional (USP - Dedalus, corporate systems, CAPES, etc.) and commercial sources (ResearchGate, Scopus and WoS) for development of a production database of the institution; (2) Sample Analysis that, using the developed database, established criteria for the selection of a sample of teachers, defined based on different publication profiles identified, considering levels of internationalization of their scientific production; (3) Adaptation of the Gorraiz, Wieland and Gumpenberger Method, which was based on: (a) a structured interview with the teachers of the sample, in order to provide support for the identification, disambiguation, collection and analysis of the data to be used; ; (b) development of the individual bibliometric profile of the scientific production of these teachers, analyzing: publication activity, co-authoring; collaboration (institutional, national, international); employee affiliation and research funding received; visibility and impact of scientific production; references used in your articles; and additional information. Results: (1) The General Analysis allowed to identify the community to be studied, totaling 88 teachers (Actives, Seniors and Retired in activity) which allowed to generate a scientific production base with more than 10 thousand documents of the most diverse types; for the (2) Sampling Analysis, only Active teachers and their production in journals (domestic and foreign) were considered, allowing the identification of nine different publication profiles, from which one teacher was selected by profile; (3) finally, the interviews with the teachers were carried out, and later the development of the reports / bibliometric profiles of each one. It was observed that, of the nine teachers, only two did not have an evolution of their production towards internationalization; in terms of visibility, it was found that the median percentage of articles published in journals indexed in WoS was 68.75%; as for international collaboration, the median was 56.10%; and the median of articles published in the 1st Quartile of JCR journals was 41.18%. The method adapted in this research proved to be functional and attentive to the best practices of scientific communication, presenting itself as a promising tool to be used in institutional evaluations. Final Considerations: The study verified the applicability, reproducibility and adaptability of the analyzed method and concludes that the use of the method as a whole can bring benefits, as it allows a detailed analysis of the production and impact of the research performed, with the additional to not do it in a static way, but considering contextual aspects, besides evolutions over time.

Research &amp; Development (R&amp;D) departments are becoming increasingly structured and routine-based, with tight schedules and daily follow-ups. This way of working stems from increased demands for delivering products to customers quickly and with high quality at a low price. At the same time, these organisations are faced with the challenge of coming up with new ideas that can become the foundations of tomorrow’s innovations. This means that R&amp;D departments must achieve both exploration, in terms of coming up with new ideas, and exploitation in terms of turning existing ideas into products available on the market. If these dual perspectives are to be met within a single work unit, the employees in that unit must achieve what we call contextual ambidexterity. Previous research has shown this to be difficult to achieve and has offered little guidance for organisations about how to organise and manage their operations in order to increase their chances of achieving contextual ambidexterity.The aim of this thesis is to explore challenges related to innovation that are encountered at the micro-level in contextually ambidextrous organisations and to shed light on factors that explain those challenges.This study has combined survey data with interview data from several organisations to analyse the relationship between aspects of efficiency and aspects of creativity. It was found that employees in a contextually ambidextrous organisation struggle to ensure enough micro-level exploration space, in other words, they have trouble finding time to explore ideas and making room for novel ideas.This research shows that a contextually ambidextrous approach in R&amp;D will likely exert two main challenges related to innovation. The first challenge is a crowding out of exploratory activities in favour of exploitatory activities. One reason for this is the combination of using productivity goals for exploitation and not using any similar targets for exploration activities. Large discrepancies in how these two types of activities are treated runs the risk that the one that is less monitored – most often exploration – is likely to be crowded out in favour of the one that is more intensely monitored.A second possible challenge is the demand on predictability in project progress that is often built into organisations as a means to enhance exploitation. This aim for predictability might create a reluctance to introduce new projects with high levels of novelty because the introduction of novel ideas contains uncertainties that jeopardise the adherence to the project plan. The combination of this view of novelty in the later phases of product development and the crowding out of exploratory activities could possibly lead to insufficient room for novel ideas to gain ground in the organisation, and this could lead to less innovative output. / <p>QC 20150225</p>

This thesis covers stochastic claims reserving in non-life insurance based on individual claims developments. Summarized theoretical methods are applied on data from Czech Insurers' Bureau for educational purposes. The problem of estimation is divided into four parts: oc- curence process generating claims, delay of notification, times between events and payments. Each part is estimated separately based on maximum likelihood theory and final estimates allow us to obtain an estimate of future liabilities distribution. The results are very promis- ing and we believe this method is worth of a further research. Contribution of this work is more rigorous theoretical part and application on data from the Czech market with some new ideas in practical part and simulation. 1

Os processos de avaliação empreendidos por agências governamentais e instituições de ensino vêm crescentemente se pautando em parâmetros mensuráveis (quantitativos), incluindo os indicadores bibliométricos. Almejando análises em nível Macro, se baseiam em indicadores de periódicos em nível Meso (Fator de Impacto do Journal Citation Reports). Nesse sentido, a pesquisa realizada vislumbrou a proposição de um modelo de avaliação bibliométrica em nível individual (Micro), que abarcou um conjunto de variáveis e de contextos dos docentes do Instituto de Geociências da Universidade de São Paulo (IGc/USP). Pautou-se em aspectos quantitativos, mas também qualitativos, oferecendo um diagnóstico da produção científica, buscando propiciar uma visão mais estratégica do processo de comunicação científica. Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica de pesquisadores com vistas à adaptação de um modelo de avaliação bibliométrica em nível individual, que forneça subsídios para o planejamento de uma avaliação institucional. Procedimentos Metodológicos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, com finalidade exploratório-descritiva, utilizando-se de levantamento de dados e análise bibliométrica baseada no método desenvolvido por Gorraiz; Wieland e Gumpenberger (2016) e adaptada à realidade do IGc/USP. Os métodos foram divididos em três partes: (1) Análise Geral, em que se realizou: (a) o mapeamento da inserção da comunidade de docentes do IGc/USP em plataformas de identificação de autores e registro da produtividade científica, e; (b) um diagnóstico da produção científica do IGc/USP, agregando dados de diversas fontes, tanto institucionais (Banco de Dados Bibliográfico da USP - Dedalus; sistemas corporativos; CAPES etc.) quanto comerciais (ResearchGate, Scopus e WoS) para o desenvolvimento de uma base de dados da produção da instituição; (2) Análise Amostral que, utilizando-se da base de dados desenvolvida, estabeleceu critérios para a seleção de uma amostra de docentes, definida com base em diferentes perfis de publicação identificados, considerando níveis de internacionalização de sua produção científica; (3) Adaptação do Método de Gorraiz, Wieland e Gumpenberger, que se baseou em: (a) entrevista estruturada com os docentes da amostra, com o objetivo de prover suporte à identificação, desambiguação, coleta e análise dos dados a serem utilizados, e; (b) desenvolvimento do perfil bibliométrico individual da produção científica desses docentes, analisando-se: atividade de publicação, coautorias; colaboração (institucional, nacional, internacional); afiliação empregada e financiamentos de pesquisa recebidos; visibilidade e impacto da produção científica; referências utilizadas em seus artigos; e informações adicionais. Resultados: (1) A Análise Geral permitiu traçar o perfil da comunidade estudada, totalizando 88 docentes (Ativos, Sêniores e Aposentados em atividade) e gerar uma base de produção científica com mais de 10 mil documentos das mais diversas tipologias; para a (2) A Análise Amostral, considerou somente os docentes Ativos e sua produção em periódicos (domésticos e estrangeiros) e possibilitou a identificação de nove diferentes perfis de publicação, dos quais selecionou-se um docente por perfil; (3) As entrevistas com os docentes propiciaram o desenvolvimento dos relatórios/perfis bibliométricos de cada um. Observou-se que, dos nove docentes, apenas dois não tiveram evolução de sua produção rumo à internacionalização; em termos de visibilidade, constatou-se que a mediana do percentual de artigos publicados em periódicos indexados na WoS foi de 68,75%; quanto à colaboração internacional, a mediana foi de 56,10%; e a mediana de artigos publicados no 1º Quartil de periódicos do JCR foi de 41,18%. O método adaptado nesta pesquisa mostrou-se funcional e atento às melhores práticas de comunicação científica, apresentando-se como uma ferramenta promissora a ser utilizada em avaliações institucionais. Considerações Finais: O estudo constatou a aplicabilidade, reprodutibilidade e adaptabilidade do método analisado e concluiu que a utilização do método como um todo pode trazer benefícios, pelo fato de permitir uma análise detalhada da produção e impacto da pesquisa realizada, com o adicional de não o fazer de maneira estática, mas considerando aspectos contextuais, além de evoluções ao longo do tempo. / The evaluation processes undertaken by government agencies and educational institutions have increasingly been based on measurable (quantitative) parameters, including bibliometric indicators. Targeting analyzes at the Macro level, they are based on journals indicators at the Meso level (Impact Factor of Journal Citation Reports). For that matter, the research carried out looked at the proposal of a model of bibliometric evaluation at the individual level (Micro), which included a set of variables and contexts of the teachers of the Geosciences Institute of the Universidade de São Paulo (IGc / USP). It was based on quantitative but also qualitative aspects, offering a diagnosis of the scientific production, seeking to provide a more strategic vision of the scientific communication process. Objective: To analyze the scientific production of researchers with a view to adapting a model of bibliometric evaluation at the individual level, which provides subsidies for the planning of an institutional evaluation. Methodological Procedures: This is a qualitative and quantitative research, with an exploratorydescriptive purpose, using data collection and bibliometric analysis based on the method developed by Gorraiz; Wieland and Gumpenberger (2016) and adapted to the reality of IGc / USP. The methods were divided into three parts: (1) General Analysis, in which: (a) mapping of the insertion of the teaching community of IGc / USP into platforms for the identification of authors and cataloguing of scientific production; (b) a diagnosis of the scientific production of IGc / USP, aggregating data from several sources, both institutional (USP - Dedalus, corporate systems, CAPES, etc.) and commercial sources (ResearchGate, Scopus and WoS) for development of a production database of the institution; (2) Sample Analysis that, using the developed database, established criteria for the selection of a sample of teachers, defined based on different publication profiles identified, considering levels of internationalization of their scientific production; (3) Adaptation of the Gorraiz, Wieland and Gumpenberger Method, which was based on: (a) a structured interview with the teachers of the sample, in order to provide support for the identification, disambiguation, collection and analysis of the data to be used; ; (b) development of the individual bibliometric profile of the scientific production of these teachers, analyzing: publication activity, co-authoring; collaboration (institutional, national, international); employee affiliation and research funding received; visibility and impact of scientific production; references used in your articles; and additional information. Results: (1) The General Analysis allowed to identify the community to be studied, totaling 88 teachers (Actives, Seniors and Retired in activity) which allowed to generate a scientific production base with more than 10 thousand documents of the most diverse types; for the (2) Sampling Analysis, only Active teachers and their production in journals (domestic and foreign) were considered, allowing the identification of nine different publication profiles, from which one teacher was selected by profile; (3) finally, the interviews with the teachers were carried out, and later the development of the reports / bibliometric profiles of each one. It was observed that, of the nine teachers, only two did not have an evolution of their production towards internationalization; in terms of visibility, it was found that the median percentage of articles published in journals indexed in WoS was 68.75%; as for international collaboration, the median was 56.10%; and the median of articles published in the 1st Quartile of JCR journals was 41.18%. The method adapted in this research proved to be functional and attentive to the best practices of scientific communication, presenting itself as a promising tool to be used in institutional evaluations. Final Considerations: The study verified the applicability, reproducibility and adaptability of the analyzed method and concludes that the use of the method as a whole can bring benefits, as it allows a detailed analysis of the production and impact of the research performed, with the additional to not do it in a static way, but considering contextual aspects, besides evolutions over time.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka väntetiden som lärarna ger eleverna samt ifall det är mer öppna eller slutna frågor som förekommer under genomgångar i svenskundervisningen. Teorin som ligger till grund för studien är den sociokulturella och begreppet stöttning kategoriseras i instrumentell stöttning och emotionell stöttning. Stöttningen grupperas på tre olika nivåer, makro-,meso- och mikronivå. Nivåerna beror på hur planerad väntetiden är. Metoden som valdes för att samla in materialet var observationer av genomgångar i svenskundervisningen och sedan intervjuer med de observerade lärarna. Det är fem lärare som har deltagit i studien och samtliga är behöriga och undervisar i svenska på lågstadiet. Det insamlade materialet har bearbetats och analyserats utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens frågeställningar har varit de kategorierna som analyserats och sedan har mönster och nyckelord utifrån stöttning och nivåerna sammanställts. Resultatet visar att det var varierande användning av öppna och slutna frågor. Det visar sig att av 25 frågor har åtta frågor väntetid över den rekommenderade tiden på tre sekunder. I intervjuerna framkommer det att alla lärare är medvetna om väntetid och hur långväntetiden minimalt bör vara. Lärarna berättade att genom ett accepterande klassrum med hänsyn för varandra skapas förutsättningar för att ge väntetid. Det finns enligt lärarna fördelar men även nackdelar gällande väntetid som framförs i studien.

The Master's thesis "ETA in Spanish Fiction Movies: Product or Creator of Spanish Collective Memory?" focuses on the interrelationship between history, cinematic representations and the way individuals perceive the traumatic past of Spanish history related to the Basque separatist organization ETA. Althought in the recent years there has been a proliferation of literature on collective memory, the approach, which this research follows, fills the gap by combining the macro-level (public) and micro-level (personal) of collective memory. Using the dynamics memory perspective, a theoretical framework that has grown popular within the multidisciplinary territories of collective memory scholarship, the thesis analyses four movies dealing with the ETA subject. These works allow us reflect on how the Basque separatist organization is portrayed in Spanish cinema and how this image has changed through time. To complement the investigation at the macrolevel, semi-structured interviews with 14 participants were conducted, searching for answers how cinematic representations influence people's perception of ETA and its actions. In both cases, thematic analysis was employed as a technique of data analysis

Bakgrund Trafikverket är ansvarig förvaltare över Sveriges järnvägar. De hanterar den långsiktiga infrastrukturen samt byggandet och driften av järnvägarna. För att visualisera och hantera dessa järnvägar digitalt använder sig Trafikverket av ett system kallat Baninformationssystemet (BIS). Järnvägsnätet hanteras på två olika nivåer, makronivå och mikronivå. Makronivån visar driftplatser med dess kopplingar emellan dem och är den enklaste nivån av nätverket. Mikronivån är betydligt mer detaljerad och visar alla objekt och kopplingar som finns på en driftplats. Syfte Målet med studien är att implementera ett transportnätverk i form av en järnväg i en grafdatabas på mikronivå. I studien undersöks metoder för att hantera svängningsrestriktioner på transportnätverket. Utöver detta utför studien en rad kortaste vägen-sökningar för att validera transportnätverket. Metod Studien använder sig av forskningsstrategin design and creation där en IT-artefakt skapas. En litteraturundersökning görs för att finna tidigare forskning som kan hjälpa utvecklingen av IT-artefakten samt besvara forskningsfrågorna. Systematiska observationer utförs för att validera IT-artefakten, i form av kortaste vägen-sökningar som jämförs med samma sökning i Trafikverkets system BIS. Resultat Studien har resulterat i en implementation av ett transportnätverk med svängningsrestriktioner på mikronivå i en grafdatabas. En lösning i Neo4j vid namn Neomap används för visualisering och testning av transportnätverket. Studien presenterar också en jämförelse mellan Trafikverkets system BIS och studiens transportnätverk. Slutsatser Jämförelsen visar att den alternativa graf som föreslagits har implementerats som ett korrekt transportnätverk på mikronivå. Transportnätverket hanterar de flesta av de svängningsrestriktioner som Trafikverket använder då den använda data var begränsad. Neomap användes för både felsökning och validering av transportnätverket och visar att sökningarna från Neo4j är nästan identiska med BIS. / Background The Swedish Transport Administration is the responsible manager of Sweden’s railways. They handle the long-term infrastructure as well as the construction and operation of the railways. To visualize and manage these railways digitally, the Swedish Transport Administration uses a system called Baninformationssystemet (BIS). The railway network is managed at two different levels, macro-level and micro-level. The macro-level only shows operating sites with their connections between them and is the simplest level of the network. The micro-level is significantly more detailed showing all objects and connections located at an operating site. Aim The aim of the study is to implement a transportation network in the form of a railway in a graph database at micro-level. The study examines methods for managing turning restrictions on the transportation network. In addition, the study performs a series of shortest path searches to validate the transportation network. Method The study uses the research strategy design and creation where an IT artifact is created. A literature review is done to find previous research that can help the development of the IT artifact and answer the research questions. Systematic observations are performed to validate the IT artifact by doing various shortest road searches that are compared with the same searches in the Swedish Transport Administration’s system. Results The study has resulted in the implementation of a transportation network with turning restrictions on a micro-level in a graph database. A solution in Neo4j called Neomap is used for visualization and testing of the transportation network. A comparison is presented where the study’s transportation network was compared with the Swedish Transport Administration’s system BIS. Conclusions The comparison shows that the alternative graph proposed has been implemented as a correct transportation network on a micro-level. The transportation network handles most of the turning restrictions that Trafikverket uses due to limited data. Neomap is used for both troubleshooting and validation of the transportation network and shows that the searches from Neo4j are almost identical to the searches from BIS.

No description available.

Le transfert de technologie est un processus d’innovation loin de se résumer à une simple relation émetteur / récepteur de connaissances. Il est complexe et de ce fait, les facteurs déterminants de son succès sont encore mal connus, sa modélisation reste à étudier et des principes de pilotage sont à établir.Cette thèse propose une modélisation descriptive du processus de transfert de technologie afin de mieux comprendre la dynamique des projets de transfert de technologie et de dégager des bonnes pratiques permettant de mieux le piloter. Dans le champ théorique, nous avons analysé les modèles de transfert de technologie existant dans la littérature et avons proposé un méta-modèle du point de vue de l’ingénierie système. Nous avons ensuite cherché à mieux comprendre les phénomènes in situ.Pour ce faire, une méthodologie d’observation pour la collecte des données au niveau « micro » a été mise au point. Nous avons suivi cinq projets de transfert durant une période allant de trois mois à deux ans. Deux dimensions ont été privilégiées : la dimension immatérielle et matérielle. Le concept d’Objet Intermédiaire de Transfert (OIT) est introduit à partir de la notion d’Objet Intermédiaire de Conception. Les données obtenues ont été analysées selon deux approches :- une approche comparative descriptive, permettant d’identifier les invariants et les phénomènes divergents entre les cinq processus. - une approche multicritère basée sur la théorie des ensembles approximatifs. Cette dernière approche fournit des informations utiles pour la compréhension du processus par l’intermédiaire des règles de connaissances. Elle a validé l’importance des OIT dans la dynamique du projet final / Technology transfer is an innovation process far from to be defined as a simple transmitter / receiver relationship of knowledge. It is complex. Thus the determinants of its success are still poorly understood and its modeling remains to be studied to a better management and optimization of the process.This thesis proposes a descriptive modeling of the technology transfer process. The aim is to have better understanding of the dynamics of technology transfer projects, and developing best practices to improve its management.In the theoretical field, we analyzed the models of the literature and proposed a meta-model of technology transfer from the point of view of systems engineering. We then sought to better understand the phenomena in situ.In order to reach our aim, an observation methodology for data collection at the micro level has been developed. We followed five transfer projects for a period ranging from three months to two years. Two dimensions have been emphasized: the immaterial and the material dimension. The concept of Intermediate Transfer Object (ITO) is introduced from the concept of design intermediary object.The data obtained were analyzed using two approaches:- a comparative descriptive approach, identifying invariants and divergent phenomena between the five processes. This has allowed us to propose best practices for technology transfer project management in the context of brazing.- a multicriteria approach based on the rough sets theory. This approach provides useful information for understanding the process through the decision rules. It validated the importance of the technology transfer object in the dynamics and the success of a project