Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T15:00:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dorinny Lisboa de Carvalho.pdf: 1040265 bytes, checksum: 222b9982d76512080d90402414be0760 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-12 / PETRÓLEO BRASILEIRO S.A. / We studied spatial and seasonal distribution of shorebirds (Charadriiformes) in Island of Caranguejos, Gulf of Maranhão. Censuses were conducted seasonally (considering arrival of migrants in South America, wintering, departure and breeding in North America) from September/2007 to July/2008, in two sectors of Island, North and South. We used the methods of point count, transect and estimate. The North Sector showed greater richness, the South, most abundance. The North Sector did not show differences in number of individuals or significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis, H = 1.0163, df = 3, P = 0.7973) between the periods. The Southern Sector showed greater abundance in the arrival (35,046) winter (35,708), decline in departure (20,046) and increasing of abundance in reproductive period (92), showed no significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis , H = 4.1596, df = 3, P = 0.2447). Considering the total number of shorebirds, the following pattern was observed: high abundance during the period of arrival (46,698), and winter (41,263), followed by declines in the individuals numbers in departure (24,169) and reproductive (6071), not significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis, H = 28,892, df = 3, P = 0.4090). There was no significantly different considering the abundance of time of arrival (Mann-Whitney U = 44.00; Z = 0.7107, P = 0.4773), winter (Mann-Whitney U = 48.50; Z = 0.3909 P = 0.6959), departure (Mann-Whitney U = 38.00; Z = 11,371, P = 0.2555) and reproductive (Mann-Whitney U = 45.00; Z = 0.6396, P = 0 , 5224) between North and South. Temporal distribution showed a high abundance in the months September to November (autumn migration) and from December to February (winter) reducing the number of individuals in the months of March to May and low values were recorded from June to August, when the birds are breeding in Arctic. Calidris pusilla was the most abundant species in all periods. Spatial distribution was related to the change of tide. Island of Caranguejos is a important wintering site for migratory shorebirds, its conservation is important for maintenance of birds group in wild life. / Objetivou-se descrever a distribuição espacial e temporal de aves limícolas (Charadriiformes) na Ilha dos Caranguejos, Golfão maranhense. Os censos foram realizados sazonalmente (considerando a chegada dos migrantes na América do Sul, invernada, partida e reprodução na América do Norte) de setembro/2007 a julho/2008 em dois setores da Ilha, denominados Norte e Sul. Utilizou-se os métodos de ponto fixo, transecto e estimativa. O Setor Norte apresentou maior riqueza, o Sul, maior abundância. O Setor Norte não mostrou diferenças nítidas no número de indivíduos nem diferença significativa (Kruskal-Wallis, H= 1,0163; gl= 3; P= 0,7973) entre os períodos. O Setor Sul apresentou maior abundância no período de chegada (35.046) e invernada (35.708), com declínio no período de partida (20.046) e elevando o número de indivíduos no período reprodutivo (92), não mostrando diferença significativa (Kruskal- Wallis, H= 4,1596; gl= 3; P= 0,2447). Considerando o número total de aves limícolas, se deu o seguinte padrão: alta abundância no período de chegada (46.698) e invernada (41263), seguida por declínios nos números de indivíduos nos períodos de partida (24.169) e reprodutivo (6.071), não houve diferença significativa (Kruskal-Wallis, H= 28,892; gl= 3; P= 0.4090). Não houve diferença significativa da abundância considerando os períodos de chegada (Mann-Whitney U= 44,00; Z= 0,7107; P= 0,4773), invernada (Mann-Whitney U= 48,50; Z= 0,3909; P= 0,6959), partida (Mann-Whitney U= 38,00; Z= 11,371; P= 0,2555) e reprodutivo (Mann-Whitney U= 45,00; Z= 0,6396; P= 0,5224) entre os setores Norte e Sul. A distribuição temporal mostrou alta abundância nos meses setembro a novembro (migração de outono) e dezembro a fevereiro (invernada) diminuindo o número de indivíduos nos meses de março a maio e baixos valores nos meses de junho a agosto quando as aves estão se reproduzindo no Ártico. Calidris pusilla foi a espécie mais abundante em todos os períodos. A distribuição espacial se deu de acordo com a variação de maré. A Ilha dos Caranguejos se mostrou como um importante sítio de invernada de aves limícolas migratórias, sendo fundamental a conservação dessa área para a manutenção desse grupo de aves na vida silvestre.

A acelerada transição demográfica ocorrida nas quatro últimas décadas trouxe implicações para os arranjos familiares, as relações de trabalho, o emprego e a renda, além do comum fenômeno da migração, sendo que as complexas relações entre essas dimensões acarretam importantes desafios para o cuidado em saúde dos idosos. No contexto da migração no país, os idosos em condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis têm migrado por contingências, sobretudo, relativas à saúde e moradia e, na maioria desses casos, o apoio necessário obtido em relação à saúde baseia-se, fundamentalmente, na Atenção Primária à Saúde, sob a Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as necessidades e o cuidado em saúde de idosos residentes no Município de São Paulo e migrantes do Nordeste, bem como os limites e potencialidades dos serviços de Atenção Primária no tocante a essa problemática. Busca-se, ainda, (re)considerar a relação entre usuários idosos e integrantes de equipes de Saúde da Família no Município de São Paulo, ao compreender a forma como as marcas identitárias são caracterizadas e em que medida podem influenciar a relação entre esses sujeitos, no que se refere ao tratamento de saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de referencial qualitativo, que utilizou a técnica de entrevista em profundidade na produção dos dados empíricos, que consistiu em duas etapas: entrevistas realizadas com 06 idosos, com 60 anos ou mais, que se deslocaram para o Município de São Paulo, em um intervalo de 03 meses a 05 anos, com o propósito de tratar seu(s) problema(s) de saúde; e entrevistas com 09 profissionais de equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Referente à análise dos depoimentos, utilizou-se a técnica de análise temática de conteúdo, considerando as conjunturas, as razões e as lógicas de falas, bem como as ações e inter-relações estabelecidas com o coletivo e as instituições. Os resultados exibem a complexidade dos sentidos atribuídos às necessidades de saúde dessa população em específico, sendo que, de forma convergente, ambos os grupos entrevistados destacaram o entrelaçamento das necessidades de saúde e do adoecimento. Além disso, os constructos socioculturais regionalizados mostram-se imperativos, uma vez que o processo de significação, diante da necessidade em saúde, assume contornos firmados em experiências anteriores de saúde-doença-cuidado. Já a autopercepção de saúde, a definição de problema e as estratégias e recursos para o cuidado em saúde foram proporcionalmente relativos ao contexto (pessoal, social e econômico) no qual esses idosos estavam inseridos antes de residirem na metrópole paulistana. Segundo os profissionais, a carência de recursos, a falta de conscientização e a dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde em suas localidades de origem resultam, muitas vezes, em um agregado de diagnósticos realizados em São Paulo. Por sua vez, para os idosos, a produção de cuidados está muito mais associada às práticas curativas, sendo pouca a valorização de medidas preventivas e promocionais de saúde. Nesse sentido, de acordo com os profissionais, à medida que não apresentam sinais ou sintomas, eles tendem a cessar o tratamento médico e farmacológico. / The accelerated demographic transition happened in the last four decades brought implications for the family arrangements, the work relationships, the job and the income, besides the common phenomenon of the migration, and the complex relationships among those dimensions cart important challenges for the health care of the aged. In the context of the migration in the country, the aged in unfavorable socioeconomic conditions have been migrating for contingencies relative to, above all, the health and home and, in most of those cases, the necessary support obtained in relation to the health is based, fundamentally, in the Primary Health Care, through the Family Health Strategy. So, the objective of this paper is to understand the needs and health care of aged resident in the Municipal district of São Paulo and transients and migrants of the Northeast, as well as the limits and potentialities of the services of Primary Health Care concerning that problem. Also, it is looked for (re)considering the relationship between the aged users and the teams members of Family Health in the Municipal district of São Paulo, when understanding the form as the identity marks are characterized and in that measured they can influence the relationship among those subjects, in what it refers to the health treatment. This is a qualitative research, that used the in-depth interview technique for the production of the empiric data, that consisted of two stages: interviews with 06 aged, with 60 years old or more, who moved for the Municipal district of São Paulo in an interval of 03 months to 05 years, with the purpose of treating their health problems; and interviews with 09 professionals of teams of the Family Health Strategy. Regarding the analysis of the depositions, the thematic analysis of content technique was used, considering the conjunctures, the reasons and the logics of speeches, as well as the actions and established interrelations with the collective and the institutions. The results exhibit the complexity of the senses attributed to the health needs of that population in specific, and, in a convergent way, both groups detached the interlacement of the health needs and the sickness. Besides, the regional sociocultural thoughts are shown imperatives, once the significance process, before the health need, assumes outlines in previous experiences of health-disease-care. The self-perception of health, the problem definition and the strategies and resources for health care were proportionally relative to the context (personal, social and economical) in which those aged ones were inserted before they live in the metropolis of São Paulo. According to the professionals, the lack of resources, the understanding lack and the access difficulty to the health services in their origin places result, a lot of times, in an attaché of diagnoses accomplished in São Paulo. For the aged, the production of cares is much more associated to the healing practices and it is little the valorization of preventive and promotion measures of health. In that sense, in agreement with the professionals, as they dont present signs or symptoms, they tend to interrupt the medical and pharmacological treatment.

Orientador: Maria José Rodrigues Faria Coracini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T11:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_MariaAmelia_M.pdf: 1130956 bytes, checksum: f976821f2590a70e7919f7137ed5292b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Pensando na questão da (i)migração que ocorre em grandes centros urbanos, em especial nas metrópoles de São Paulo e de Paris, buscamos averiguar, em textos veiculados na mídia digital - revistas e jornais em versão on line e sites de notícias da internet - quais são as representações construídas sobre esses "estrangeiros". No caso de São Paulo, da maioria formada por migrantes advindos da região nordeste do Brasil, os quais buscam melhores condições, na ilusão de uma vida melhor no sudeste do país e, no caso de Paris, por imigrantes oriundos de antigas colônias africanas, um dia usufruídas e hoje renegadas pelos franceses. Vale frisar que, apesar da distância espacial e sociocultural entre essas duas cidades, as abordagens em relação ao (i)migrante se assemelham, assim como ambas apresentam graves problemas quando se trata de políticas migratórias, o que resulta em um aglomerado de pessoas vivendo em condições mínimas em lugares pouco ou nada habitáveis. Em face desse contexto, fazemos a hipótese de que, na composição desses textos veiculados pela mídia, dá-se a construção de identidade dos (i)migrantes que não têm sua "voz nem vez" (CORACINI, 2007) inserida na narração dos fatos, já que se mostra apenas sua suposta marginalidade. Por meio da construção identitária desse sujeito fragmentado, às margens da sociedade - um verdadeiro (in)fame, no sentido de não famoso (FOUCAULT, 2003) - procuramos discutir, pelo viés da análise do discurso, uma questão social tão presente em nossa sociedade. Esta dissertação objetiva, assim, analisar o discurso jornalístico que narra (ou não) a vida desses estrangeiros, ao relatar acontecimentos a eles relacionados que, em sua maioria, estão ligados à marginalidade, pobreza, miséria, desemprego e, também, discutir a questão dos processos identitários existentes em textos da mídia, bem como o papel social que esses veículos de informação assumem, uma vez que exercem seu poder por meio da linguagem, já que "a começar do nível mais elementar das relações com o poder, a linguagem constitui o arame farpado mais poderoso para bloquear o acesso ao poder" (GNERRE, 1991, p. 22). Resultante de nosso movimento de análise, constatamos que, com a atualidade multiétnica que possibilita a (con)vivência de diferentes nacionalidades dentro de um mesmo espaço sociogeográfico, aspectos da identidade dessas pessoas que migram de seu círculo cultural para outro distante influenciam sua inserção em uma nova sociedade, da qual se encontram mais fora, externos a ela, do que pertencentes à mesma. Vê-se, ainda, que há, muitas vezes, um falar sobre os (i)migrantes, e não um falar com, de maneira direta, dando-lhes voz e, consequentemente, vez / Abstract: Thinking about the matter of (im)migration, which takes place in great urban centers, especially in the cities of São Paulo and Paris, we sought to verify in texts conveyed through digital media - online versions of magazines and newspapers, as well as news websites - what the representations built about these "foreigners" are. In the case of São Paulo, the majority formed by the Northeastern population that looks for better conditions, in the illusion of finding a better life in the southeast of the country, and in Paris, where the immigrants are originated from former African colonies, once exploited and now negated by the French. It is worth noting that, in spite of the spatial and sociocultural distance between these two cities, the approaches regarding the (im)migrants are similar, as well as they both present serious problems when it comes to migration policies - which results in an agglomeration of people living under miserable conditions in inhabitable places. In this context, we followed the hypothesis that, in the composition of these writings presented on the media, it is built, from their point of view, the identity of (im)migrants that have "no voice and no turn" (CORACINI, 2007) in the account of facts, once what is shown is a supposed marginality. Through the identity construction of these fragmented subjects, left aside from society - a true (in)famous, in the sense of not famous (FOUCAULT, 2003) - we sought to discuss, by the means of Discourse Analysis, a social matter so present, and at the same time so absent from our society. This research aims, thus, at analyzing the journalistic discourse that narrates (or not) these foreigners, by telling facts related to them, mostly of marginality, poverty, misery, unemployment, as well as at discussing the matter of identity processes existing on media writings and what social roles these means of information take on, once they have certain power through the language, since "starting from the most elementary level of the relations with power, the language constitutes the most powerful barbed wire to block the access to power" (GNERRE, 1991, p. 22). Based on the results we found that, the current multiethnic reality, that allows the (co)existence of different nationalities within the same socio-geographical space, identity aspects of these people who migrate from their cultural circle to a distant one, influences upon their insertion into a new society, where they are found much more external than belonging to it. We have also observed that there are several times a "speaking of" (im)migrants, not a "speaking with", directly, providing them voice and, therefore, turn of speech / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

China has among the world’s fastest growing urban region and faced enormous environmental and social challenges that requires a forward thinking of urban planning, which integrates environmental sustainability and social equity into urban resilience. In China, national and provincial urban policies have long focused on economic and industrial developments, whereas social welfare was not account for urban planning until very recently. After decades of rapid socioeconomic development, China has now entered an urbanization stage at which social development becomes as urgent as economic and environmental transformation. Rural migrant as a lower social group is a product of China’s rigorous rural-urban household registration (Hukou) that has caused plenty of social tragedies. Although governmental authorities have vowed to elevate rural migrants’ social status, as a heterogeneous social group, rural migrants received very little research attention by far. To examine rural migrants’ demographic information and their social status, this research employs happiness as a theme to carry out a questionnaire survey. In total, 1,267 responses were collected at bus and train stations in Changsha, a second-tier city located in the middle of China. According to the survey, rural migrants’ happiness status is in close relation with some demographic characteristics such as gender, ethnicity and education. In general, men are unhappier than women; the ethnic minorities are unhappier than the ethnic majority-Han; and the highly educated are unhappier than those with lower educational attainment. By performing a stepwise regression, statistics uncover that rural migrants’ happiness status in Changsha is positively associated with a stable income, a job with insurance and a well sustained family tie. Based on the study results, I propose three suggestions for social urban planning in China’s second-tier cities: (1) to set up a commercial district that embraces diverse ethnic groups, where the minor ethnic rural migrants can work and live with their own cultures. (2) To gather rural migrants by industry and establish labour unions that can represent for rural migrants’ interests. (3) To maintain the discriminated Hukou system, but define Hukou identity based on rural migrants’ taxation conditions.     Keywords: rural migrants, demographic characteristics, happiness factors, social urban planning

This    qualitative research investigates the social positions of Peruvian female migrants in the Catalan labour market in Spain. It questions how social categories interactin order to determine the social positions of individuals, a nd how the positions can be related to a global  world structure.   Four unstructured life story interviews with  Peruvian women resident in  Catalonia were realized in December 2014. The interviews and two previously made studies have then been reviewed by a narrative analysis. The research formed a theoretical framework of intersectionality interpreted by Nina Yuval-Davis, and a globalization and female migration theory by Saskia Sassen.  The analysis with the  implementation of theories showed that nationality has a particularly strong influence in the intersection of social categories, though one must understand how all the identifications lay imbedded in each other in order to determine the social position of each individual. It was  also concluded that an intersection of the identifications of the individuals interacts with global structures in order to determine the  social positions of the study participants in the Catalan labour market.The city of Barcelona  could through the lives of the four Peruvian females be seen as an economic centre that demands cheap labour by migrants, and where the social positions in the labour market can show a division of core and peripheral countries.

The Diploma thesis deals with the issue of the integration of immigrants in the pre-retirement and retirement age in the Czech Republic. The main aim of the work is to describe and analyze a group of immigrant women in pre-retirement and retirement age in the Czech Republic, provide an overview of the situation of the women with focus on their special position in the social system and evaluate their process of integration into Czech society. The theoretical part provides the characteristics of immigrants in the Czech Republic. It is focused on the basic definitions, concepts and theories directly related to the process of immigrant integration in the pre-retirement and retirement age, thus the areas of the migration and integration, social and pension system, old age and the aging process with regard to the specific situation in the Czech Republic, including examples from abroad. The research part contains the results of research conducted mainly through the semi- structured interviews with immigrants and focuses on the methods of immigration, the process of integration, economic and social situation of immigrant women. The obtained data are confronted with information provided through interviews with experts in the field and with the findings from professional literature.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / In the context of recent attacks that occurred against foreign nationals (migrants) in South Africa, this study sought to explore attitudes toward migrants and immigration among a sample of students at the University of the Western Cape. Previous studies in South Africa and elsewhere have suggested that in most countries, nationals tend to hold negative attitudes toward migrants and express protectionist attitudes toward migration policies. Research around students' attitudes toward migrants and immigration has shown similar trends. The present study employed a sample survey design to investigate: a) Students' attitudes toward African migrants, b) Students' attitudes toward migration into South Africa and c) Degree of contact that students have with African Migrants. A convenience sample of 183 undergraduate psychology students was used. Students‟ age ranged between 18 and 38 years of age (x = 20 years). Data was collected using a questionnaire comprising of 27 questions related to attitudes towards migrants and immigration as well as a section on contact with migrants. The results show that students showed exclusionary attitudes in terms of immigration, limited contact with migrants and negative attitudes toward African migrants. However, attitudes toward migrant‟s rights were positive. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Magister Artium - MA / This thesis explores the different ways in which labour migrants in contemporary South Africa make use of cell phones in their daily lives to maintain their love relationships. I start by tracing the history of labour migration and show how the gradual change of migration has played a role in the assertion of labour migrants in their communities in Cape Town. I look specifically into the use of cell phone by Setswana and Sesotho speaking migrants in Delft, Thornton, Brackenfell and Gugulethu. While the focus of the research is on the role of cell phones in maintaining love relationships between migrants and the partners they left behind ‘at home’, I also show how the negotiation of the cell phone in the social lives of migrants helps build wider social networks. The value of the functions of the cell phone through employed communication patterns that encourage social relations and interactions are also the focus of this thesis.

The aim of this thesis was to describe and analyse perceptions of psychosis care among those involved in care, foreign-born persons with psychoses, their families and health care staff, and further to reach agreement about core components in psychosis care. This was in order to find out whether current psychosis care in Sweden is suitable for foreign-born persons and their families. The study design was explorative and descriptive. Health care staff (n=35), persons with psychosis (n=22) and families (n=26) of persons with psychosis were chosen from different regions in Southern Sweden. To capture health care staff’s experiences and to explore whether specific needs occurred within psychiatric care, nine focus group interviews were held. The perspectives of psychosis care among persons with psychoses and their families were captured through individual interviews. Finally, a study was accomplished all over Sweden in which staff, foreign-born persons with psychosis and foreign-born families of persons with psychoses answered a questionnaire to identify core components in psychosis care of foreign-born persons and their families. There was agreement that the core components in psychosis care concern general psychiatric caring, even though varying perceptions were identified. Asking about foreign-born persons’ religious and ethnic background or having the possibility to decide whether care should be provided by male or female staff were agreed to be less important. No agreement could be reached concerning the importance of considering different perceptions of psychosis care, treatments and different ways of managing the psychosis. Nor could agreement be reached as to whether staff should have specific cultural knowledge and whether interpreters should be unknown to the family but speak the right dialect. Perceptions among staff in somatic and psychiatric care as well as perceptions among foreign- and Swedish-born persons with psychosis and their families were more similar than different. General psychiatric care is important for Swedish-born as well as foreign-born persons with psychosis and their families, indicating the importance of not letting culturally determined perceptions dictate the care and take away energy from health care staff and make them lose their focus on the basic elements in general psychiatric care. However, within the general care there were individual perceptions on whose importance those involved in care did not agree. Further development suggested is to illuminate the importance of identifying individual perceptions which may differ between different persons and could be related to cultural background. Staff need to acquire strategies so they can easily manage to encounter and offer general care to foreign-born persons. Development must be achieved on both an organizational level and an individual level.

This research focuses on the lives of migrant mine labourers in the Free State Gold mines of Welkom. After a lengthy absence from home, away from home, some of the migrant mine labourers contact the deadly disease of HIV/AIDS. As they become weaker to work at the mines, some are relegated work at the surface, some are sent to the local hospice whilst some are left to die alone without anyone caring for them. The local community of Welkom regarded these miners as the carriers and transporters of this deadly disease due to their perceived slackness in morality by using the services of the local ladies of the night (commercial sex workers). On the basis of the above painted scenario, the migrant mine labourers were thus subjected to discrimination and stigmatisation by the local community, who regarded them as foreigners even in their country of birth. The research, therefore, aimed to pastorally journey with the infected mine labourers through their trauma of being infected by HIV/AIDS AND of being discriminated and rejected by the community which is supposed to support them in their hour of need and despair. Since the spread of HIV/AIDS is largely through sexual contact, the research, therefore, examined both the community and the church’s attitude towards sex, stigma and discrimination. A participatory observation approach was used and the analysis of the concepts that were at play during the trauma of the infected mine labourers were examined. In this research, the local community was viewed as the fertile ground of hostility against the infected migrant mine labourers. In this regard, the study powered the infected mining community with the challenges posed by HIV/AIDS and therefore sought ways and means of forming a support base for those infected and affected. This was done by breaking the conspiracy of silence around the issue of HIV/AIDS both at the community and the church level. Finally, the study concluded with ways of empowering the pastoral care-giver on how to journey with someone who has been diagnosed with HIV in order to close one’s last chapter of life in honour and dignity. New approaches based on relevant literature and affirmation of God’s power and healing were suggested. / Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Practical Theology / unrestricted