The study aims to study if it is possible to reduce lead time or resource needs by studying the PD process, Product Development Process linked to the improvement area Unclear requirements from managers on measuring the process. This is done by studying current control, the possibility of using other measuring points and how a measurement system could be established, including Scorecard within Scania R&D, Research and Development. The study is based on the questions What does the product development process look like? What could be measured in the product development process? and How could a measurement system with integrated Scorecard be implemented for better control of the product development process? Theories include the areas of processes, process control, process measurement and process management. Interviews, group interviews, document studies, literature studies and previous research were the basis for studying the problem and opportunities for improvement. All data collection was done remotely as Covid-19 had major impacts. The result of the study shows that R&D does not currently measure the PD process, but measurement is regulated in internal documents. Measurement of lead time, resources and costs was desired by interviewees to measure. Basing the measurement on the current KPI, Key Performance Indicators, and R&D strategic plan 2020 implies established support from the functions that produced the internal documents. The developed measurement system includes the measurement points lead time, cost and resource requirements as well as selected milestones. An introduction of the measurement system would, for Scania R&D, provide an opportunity to control the PD process linked to the measurement points. The measurement system has largely been based on internal documents to increase the relevance of the measurement system and the possibility of an introduction. / Studien syftar till att studera om det går att minska ledtid eller resursbehov genom att studera PD processen, Product Development Process, kopplat till förbättringsområdet Otydliga krav från chefer på mätning av processen. Det utförs genom att studera nuvarande styrning, möjligheten att använda andra mätpunkter samt hur ett mätsystem skulle kunna upprättas inkluderat Scorecard inom Scania R&D, Research and Development. Studien baserar sig på frågeställningarna Hur ser produktframtagningsprocessen ut? Vad skulle kunna mätas i produktframtagningsprocessen? samt Hur skulle ett mätsystem med integrerat Scorecard kunna implementeras för bättre styrning av produktframtagningsprocessen? Teorier berör områdena processer, processtyrning, processmätning och processledning. Intervjuer, gruppintervju, dokumentstudier, litteraturstudier och tidigare forskning låg till grund för att studera problemet och förbättringsmöjligheter. Samtlig datainsamling utfördes på distans då Covid-19 hade stora påverkningar. Studiens resultat visar att R&D i nuläget inte mäter PD processen men mätning finns reglerat i interna dokument. Mätning av ledtid, resurser och kostnader var önskat av intervjupersoner att mäta. Att basera mätningen på nuvarande KPI, Key Performance Indicators, och R&D strategisk plan 2020 innebär ett etablerat stöd hos de funktioner som tagit fram de interna dokumenten. Det framtagna mätsystemet inkluderar mätpunkterna ledtid, kostnad och resursbehov samt utvalda milstolpar. Ett införande av mätsystemet skulle för Scania R&D innebära en möjlighet till att styra PD processen kopplat till mätpunkterna. Mätsystemet har till stor del baserats på interna dokument för att öka mätsystemets relevans samt möjligheten till ett införande.

Diplomová práce se zaměřuje na vybrání a aplikaci metod a nástrojů projektového management ve strojírenském podniku. První část práce se zaměřuje na teoretické poznatky. Druhá část je analýza současného stavu podniku a průmyslu. Třetí část je autorův návrh, který je vytvořen na základě předchozích dvou kapitol.

Tbis study has as primary objective the development of an appropriate model to assist ' teachers, in South Africa, to be able to understand and assist learners with behaviour problems. The need for the study has its genesis within the current difficulties teachers experience in dealing with behaviour problems in the classroom and the fact that increasing numbers of children are involved. A key facet of the research is its accent on the unmet emotional needs of learners that function as a behavioural determinant. The study is analytical descriptive in nature and as such is based on two fundamental dimensions:- to acquire a sound theoretical understanding of the concepts, causative 'factors and underlying behaviour problems and the most appropriate means to deal therewith and substantiating the insights acquired by means of interviews with teachers, school principals, and other significant role players. An earnest attempt was made to analyse behaviour problems in terms of the various theoretical frameworks presented within contemporary literature. The ecological systems model was found to be the most appropriate for the development of the . referenced model. This stands in sharp contrast to the traditional medical model which in many instances still forms the basis of current theory and practice. Learners with emotional problems experience behaviour problems which serve as barriers to effective learning. Little attention however, has been attributed to putting appropriate systems in place to assist these learners. A key consideration embodied within the new Education Policy (NCS DOCUMENT 1997:1 0) is the issue of meeting the needs of all learners so that they are able to actualise their potential - this includes their emotional needs. The findings of this study need to be seen within the light of meeting this objective. In order to address the unmet emotional needs of learner, teachers must attend to the cognitive mind maps which embody internalized feelings and cognition. A model for understanding the cognitive maps has been developed as part of this study and serves as introduction to the model developed to assist learners wi~h behaviour problems. The study provides a new perspective directed at understanding instead of managing behaviour problems. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Special Needs Education)

Tbis study has as primary objective the development of an appropriate model to assist ' teachers, in South Africa, to be able to understand and assist learners with behaviour problems. The need for the study has its genesis within the current difficulties teachers experience in dealing with behaviour problems in the classroom and the fact that increasing numbers of children are involved. A key facet of the research is its accent on the unmet emotional needs of learners that function as a behavioural determinant. The study is analytical descriptive in nature and as such is based on two fundamental dimensions:- to acquire a sound theoretical understanding of the concepts, causative 'factors and underlying behaviour problems and the most appropriate means to deal therewith and substantiating the insights acquired by means of interviews with teachers, school principals, and other significant role players. An earnest attempt was made to analyse behaviour problems in terms of the various theoretical frameworks presented within contemporary literature. The ecological systems model was found to be the most appropriate for the development of the . referenced model. This stands in sharp contrast to the traditional medical model which in many instances still forms the basis of current theory and practice. Learners with emotional problems experience behaviour problems which serve as barriers to effective learning. Little attention however, has been attributed to putting appropriate systems in place to assist these learners. A key consideration embodied within the new Education Policy (NCS DOCUMENT 1997:1 0) is the issue of meeting the needs of all learners so that they are able to actualise their potential - this includes their emotional needs. The findings of this study need to be seen within the light of meeting this objective. In order to address the unmet emotional needs of learner, teachers must attend to the cognitive mind maps which embody internalized feelings and cognition. A model for understanding the cognitive maps has been developed as part of this study and serves as introduction to the model developed to assist learners wi~h behaviour problems. The study provides a new perspective directed at understanding instead of managing behaviour problems. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Special Needs Education)

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