[pt] A receita arrecadada pelo uso do sistema de transmissão é utilizada para cobrir custos de planejamento, operação e manutenção e deve ser paga por geradores e demandas, que são usuários do sistema. Um dos principais desafios é determinar a melhor maneira de alocar estes custos a geradores e demandas. Em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, a acelerada expansão de geração e de transmissão, desencadeada por um crescimento acentuado de demanda, pode provocar significativa volatilidade e dispersão entre as tarifas dos usuários do sistema. Estes efeitos criam um ambiente inseguro para os investidores em geração. Para tratar este problema, esta dissertação propõe um novo método de alocação de custos pelo uso da transmissão que utiliza uma abordagem baseada na técnica de otimização min-max, e no método Nodal utilizado no Brasil. O propósito contido na utilização da técnica min-max é que os usuários com as piores tarifas devem ter prioridade em minimizá-las no processo de otimização. Assim, o objetivo é fornecer uma solução mais equitativa, e conseqüentemente, a redução de dispersão e volatilidade das tarifas ao longo do tempo, quando novos investimentos em geração e transmissão são feitos no sistema. Os resultados obtidos nos sistemas IEEE 24 barras e IEEE 118 barras indicam que a abordagem proposta fornece tarifas menos dispersas comparadas com outros métodos existentes, mas mantendo características desejáveis do método Nodal original. O método proposto também apresenta menos volatilidade nas tarifas no caso de mudanças (como diferentes despachos de geração) no sistema. / [en] The revenue accrued for the use of the transmission system is used to recover the cost of planning, operation and maintenance and must be paid by generators and loads, which are the users of the system. One of the main challenges is how to establish the best way to allocate these costs to generators and loads. In developing countries, like Brazil, fast generation and transmission expansion triggered by a sharp demand growth, can cause significant volatility and dispersion among agents transmission tariffs. These effects can create an unsafe environment for new investors in generation. In order to face this problem, this dissertation proposes a new transmission cost allocation method that utilizes an approach based on the min-max optimization technique, and on the nodal method used in Brazil. The idea behind the utilization of min-max method is that the agents with the worst tariffs should have priority in the tariff optimization process. Thus, the objective is to provide an equitable solution and, consequently, a reduction of the dispersion and volatility of the tariffs over time, when new transmission or generation assets are incorporated into the system. The results presented for IEEE 24 bus and IEEE 118 bus systems indicate that the proposed approach gives less-dispersed tariffs compared with other existing methods, but keeping the desirable features of the traditional nodal method. The proposed method also shows less volatility in tariffs if changes (like different generation dispatches) are made to the system.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-137). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

The diploma thesis is focused on inventory management in a production company with an emphasis on optimizing company´s stock level. There has been made an analysis of the current status of selected group of inventory, and of the use of the existing information system. Based on this analysis and theoretical knowledge of inventory management, two measures have been designed. They should help to increase efficiency of purchasing and to reduce inventory and costs.

Syftet med studien är dels att undersöka hur Min Doktor och 1177 kommunicerar via sina webbsidor och applikationer, dels hur användaren upplever kommunikationen. För att uppnå studiens syfte kommer en sociosemiotisk multimodal analys tillämpas för att undersöka hur semiotiska resurser skapar betydelse för användaren. Tre fokusgrupper i olika åldrar kommer även intervjuas för att få kunskap kring användarens upplevelse av kommunikationen. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna för undersökningen är digitalisering, digital hälsokommunikation och sociosemiotik. Genom ett sociosemiotiskt perspektiv undersöks hur aktörerna skapar en kommunikativ relation till användaren samt vad som presenteras som mest relevant på deras webbsidor och applikationer. Dessa kommunikativa praktiker kan sedan spegla sig i vad aktörerna använder för strategiska val inom hälsokommunikation.  Undersökningen påvisar att det finns en stor medvetenhet hos användarna hur aktörerna kommunicerar. Till exempel uppmärksammades kontraster, bilder och tilltal och vad det i sin tur ger för betydelse till användaren. En av de mest intressanta faktorerna som uppkom i studien är att samma kommunikationsstrategier ofta används av aktörerna. Det gäller både när det kommer till att uppmärksamma något speciellt och hur de skapar en relation till användaren. Dock skiljer sig syftet bakom dessa. Min Doktor använder olika kommunikationsstrategier för att få människor att använda deras tjänster, medan 1177 arbetar med samma typ av strategier men för att främja hälsa. Användarens uppfattning av aktörernas kommunikativa praktiker har ofta varit samstämmig. Dock visar resultatet att det också kan finnas skillnader i hur budskap tolkas i relation till aktörernas intentioner. / The purpose of the study is partly to investigate how Min Doktor and 1177 communicate via their web pages and applications, and partly how the user experiences the communication. To achieve the purpose of the study, a sociosemiotic multimodal analysis will be applied to investigate how semiotic resources create meaning for the user. Three focus groups of different ages will also be interviewed to gain knowledge about the user's experience of communication. The theoretical starting points for the investigation are digitization, digital health communication and sociosemiotics. Through a sociosemiotic perspective investigates how the actors create a communicative relationship with the user and what is presented as most relevant on their web pages and applications. These communicative practices can then be reflected in what strategic choices in health communication the actors use.    The survey shows that there is a great awareness among users of how the actors communicate. For example, attention was paid to contrasts, images and appeals and what that in turn mean for the user. One of the most interesting factors that emerged in the study is that the same communication strategies are often used by the actors. This applies both when it comes to drawing attention to something special and how they create a relationship with the user. However, the purpose behind these differs. Min Doktor uses different communication strategies to get people to use their services, while 1177 works with the same type of strategies but to promote health. The user's perception of the actors' communicative practices has often been consistent. Yet the results show that there can also be differences in how messages are interpreted in relation to the actors' intentions.

<p>In this thesis we are concerned with the complexity of formalizing reasoning in Combinatorial Matrix Theory (CMT). We are interested in the strength of the bounded arithmetic theories necessary in order to prove the fundamental results of this field. Bounded Arithmetic can be seen as the uniform counterpart of Propositional Proof Complexity.</p> <p>Perhaps the most famous and fundamental theorem in CMT is the K{\"o}nig's Min-Max Theorem $(\KMM)$ which arises naturally in all areas of combinatorial algorithms. As far as we know, in this thesis we give the first feasible proof of $\KMM$. Our results show that Min-Max reasoning can be formalized with uniform Extended Frege.</p> <p>We show, by introducing new proof techniques, that the first order theory $\LA$ with induction restricted to $\Sigma_1^B$ formulas---i.e., restricted to bounded existential matrix quantification---is sufficient to formalize a large portion of CMT, in particular $\KMM$. $\Sigma_1^B$-$\LA$ corresponds to polynomial time reasoning, also known as $\ELA$.</p> <p>While we consider matrices over $\{0,1\}$, the underlying ring is $\mathbb{Z}$, since we require that $\Sigma A$ compute the number of 1s in the matrix $A$ (which for a 0-1 matrix is simply the sum of all entries---meaning $\Sigma A$). Thus, over $\mathbb{Z}$, $\LA$ translates to $\TC^0$-Frege, while, as mentioned before, $\ELA$ translates into Extended Frege.</p> <p>In order to prove $\KMM$ in $\ELA$, we need to restrict induction to $\Sigma_1^B$ formulas. The main technical contribution is presented in Claim~4.3.4, ~Section~4.3.3. Basically, we introduce a polynomial time procedure, whose proof of correctness can be shown with $\ELA$, that works as follow: given a matrix of size $e \times f$ such that $e\leq f$, where the minimum cover is of size $e$, our procedure computes a maximum selection of size $e$, row by row.</p> <p>Furthermore, we show that Menger's Theorem, Hall's Theorem, and Dilworth's Theorem---theorems related to $\KMM$---can also be proven feasibly; in fact, all these theorems are equivalent to KMM, and the equivalence can be shown in $\LA$. We believe that this captures the proof complexity of Min-Max reasoning rather completely.</p> <p>We also present a new Permutation-Based algorithm for computing a Minimum Vertex Cover from a Maximum Matching in a bipartite graph. Our algorithm is linear-time and computationally very simple: it permutes the rows and columns of the matrix representation of the bipartite graph in order to extract the vertex cover from a maximum matching in a recursive fashion. Our Permutation-Based algorithm uses properties of $\KMM$ Theorem and it is interesting for providing a new permutation---and CMT---perspective on a well-known problem.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Mycket av dagens hälsokunskap hämtas via internet och gemensamma uppfattningar kring hälsa skapas och sprids genom sociala medier. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att bidra till förståelsen av hur hälsa lärs i en självorganiserad praktikgemenskap i sociala medier och belysa hur hälsa konstrueras i dessa lärprocesser genom skriftliga och visuella inlägg på internetforumet Min Resa Räknas. Teoretisk referensram: Studien utgår från det socialkonstruktionistiska perspektivet samt teorin om praktikgemenskaper. Metod: Föreliggande studie har inspirerats av en netnografisk metodansats och observationer användes vid datainsamlingen. Insamlingsmaterialet bestod av text- och bildinlägg och hämtades från Facebookgruppen Min Resa Räknas samt från #minresaräknas på Instagram. Det empiriska materialet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Hälsa lärs och konstrueras genom socialt samspel i nätgemenskapen. Lärandet bestod av förhandlingar där kunskaper och erfarenheter kring hälsa utbytes inom gemenskapen. Hälsa konstruerades främst genom kost och träning och centralt för konstruktionerna var förändringsprocesser samt kroppsligt utseende. Slutsats: Hälsans konstruktioner inom internetforumet Min Resa Räknas speglar hälsonormer och samhällsproblem.

Les problèmes de complémentarité interviennent dans de nombreux domaines scientifiques : économie, mécanique des solides, mécanique des fluides. Ce n’est que récemment qu’ils ont commencé d’intéresser les chercheurs étudiant les écoulements et le transport en milieu poreux. Les problèmes de complémentarité sont un cas particulier des inéquations variationnelles. Dans cette thèse, on offre plusieurs contributions aux méthodes numériques pour résoudre les problèmes de complémentarité. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, on étudie les problèmes de complémentarité linéaires 0 6 x ⊥ (Mx+q) > 0 où, x l’inconnue est dans Rn et où les données sont q, un vecteur de Rn, et M, une matrice d’ordre n. L’existence et l’unicité de ce problème est obtenue quand la matrice M est une P-matrice. Une méthode très efficace pour résoudre les problèmes de complémentarité est la méthode de Newton-min, une extension de la méthode de Newton aux problèmes non lisses.Dans cette thèse on montre d’abord, en construisant deux familles de contre-exemples, que la méthode de Newton-min ne converge pas pour la classe des P-matrices, sauf si n= 1 ou 2. Ensuite on caractérise algorithmiquement la classe des P-matrices : c’est la classe des matrices qui sont telles que quel que, soit le vecteur q, l’algorithme de Newton-min ne fait pas de cycle de deux points. Enfin ces résultats de non-convergence nous ont conduit à construire une méthode de globalisation de l’algorithme de Newton-min dont nous avons démontré la convergence globale pour les P-matrices. Des résultats numériques montrent l’efficacité de cet algorithme et sa convergence polynomiale pour les cas considérés. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à un exemple de problème de complémentarité non linéaire concernant les écoulements en milieu poreux. Il s’agit d’un écoulement liquide-gaz à deux composants eau-hydrogène que l’on rencontre dans le cadre de l’étude du stockage des déchets radioactifs en milieu géologique. Nous présentons un modèle mathématique utilisant des conditions de complémentarité non linéaires décrivant ces écoulements. D’une part, nous proposons une méthode de résolution et un solveur pour ce problème. D’autre part, nous présentons les résultats numériques que nous avons obtenus suite à la simulation des cas-tests proposés par l’ANDRA (Agence Nationale pour la gestion des Déchets Radioactifs) et le GNR MoMaS. En particulier, ces résultats montrent l’efficacité de l’algorithme proposé et sa convergence quadratique pour ces cas-tests / This manuscript deals with numerical methods for linear and nonlinear complementarity problems,and, more specifically, with solving gas phase appearance and disappearance modeled as a complementarity problem. In the first part of this manuscript, we focused on the plain Newton-min method to solve the linear complementarity problem (LCP for short) 0 6 x ⊥ (Mx+q) > 0 that can be viewed as a nonsmooth Newton algorithm without globalization technique to solve the system of piecewise linear equations min(x,Mx+q) = 0, which is equivalent to the LCP. When M is an M-matrix of order n, the algorithm was known to converge in at most n iterations. We show that this resultno longer holds when M is a P-matrix of order > 3. On the one hand, we offer counter-examplesshowing that the algorithm may cycle in those cases. P-matrices are interesting since they are thoseensuring the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the LCP for an arbitrary q. Incidentally,convergence occurs for a P-matrix of order 1 or 2. On the other hand, we provide a new algorithmic characterization of P-matricity : we show that a nondegenerate square real matrix M is a P-matrixif and only if, whatever is the real vector q, the Newton-min algorithm does not cycle between twopoints. In order to force the convergence of the Newton-min algorithm with P-matrices, we havederived a new method, which is robust, easy to describe, and simple to implement. It is globallyconvergent and the numerical results reported in this manuscript show that it outperforms a methodof Harker and Pang. In the second part of this manuscript, we consider the modeling of migration of hydrogen produced by the corrosion of the nuclear waste packages in an underground storage including the dissolution of hydrogen. It results in a set of nonlinear partial differential equations with nonlinear complementarity constraints. We show how to apply a robust and efficient solution strategy, the Newton-min method considered for LCP in the first part, to this geoscience problem and investigates its applicability and efficiency on this difficult problem. The practical interest of this solution technique is corroborated by numerical experiments from the Couplex Gas benchmark proposed by Andra and GNR MoMas. In particular, numerical results show that the Newton-min method is quadratically convergent for these problems

Le dieu égyptien Min a toujours été considéré comme un dieu de la procréation par nombre d’égyptologues. Pourtant, l’analyse de son image et de son culte sur la période allant du début de la 8e dynastie à la fin de la 17e dynastie révèle une toute autre définition. Son iconographie témoigne d’une élaboration cryptique dans l’emploi des divers éléments qui composent son image. La présente étude réanalyse par ailleurs la parèdre coptite du dieu ainsi que la réappropriation de l’image de Min au début du Moyen Empire par la divinité thébaine Amon. Loué lors de fêtes spécifiques aux fonctions agraires et dynastiques, Min fit l’objet d’une vénération certaine au cours de cette large période, aussi bien auprès des souverains que des particuliers. Min est aussi particulièrement vénéré en contexte expéditionnaire. Qu’il s’agisse du ouadi Hammamat ou du Gebel el-Zeit en passant par Mersa Gaouasis et par Konosso, le dieu est mentionné ou figuré pour ses attributions guerrières et minérales. Enfin, au cours du Moyen Empire et de la Deuxième Période intermédiaire, Min semble particulièrement loué en Abydos. Son insertion dans la geste osirienne – avec la création de sa forme Min-Horus-nakht – témoigne du déplacement et de la portée funéraire et dynastique croissante du culte à cette époque. Par ses hymnes et les témoignages archéologiques découverts en Abydos, apparaissent en ce lieu les vestiges d’un sanctuaire propre au dieu. Au regard de l’ensemble de la documentation récolée, Min apparaît alors non pas comme un dieu de procréation, mais comme un « Suivant d’Horus », un dieu de la force aux fonctions dynastiques et régénératrices, agissant tant sur le monde naturel que dans l’inframonde. / The Egyptian god Min has always been considered as a procreation god by many Egyptologists. However, the analysis of his image and his cult on the period from the beginning of the First Intermediate Period to the end of the 17th dynasty reveals a very different definition. His iconography shows a cryptic elaboration in the way of using various details composing his image. This present study reanalyzes the Coptite consort of Min as well as the reappropriation of the god’s image by the Theban deity Amun at the beginning of the Middle Kingdom. Revered during specific agrarian and dynastic religious festivals, Min was subject of a great veneration during this period, both from kings and private individuals. Min was also particularly praised in expeditionary contexts. From the wadi Hammamat to the Gebel el-Zeit via Mersa Gawasis and the peninsula of Konosso, this god was mentioned and figured for his warring and mineral abilities. Lastly, during the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period, Min seems particularly revered in Abydos. He was inserted inside the Osirian cult with the creation of the figure of Min-Horus-nakht, the latter testifying the moving of the cult and the funerary and dynastic importance of the god in this city. With Abydenian hymns and the discovery of archeological fragments, the location of a sanctuary dedicated to the god could be brought to light. Regarding all the collected data, Min appears not as a procreation god but as a ‘Follower of Horus’, a god of strength with dynastic powers, a god of regeneration who acts over both the natural world and the underworld.

With the election of President Trump, climate deniers feel emboldened and moved from the fringes to the centre of global policy making. We study how an agnostic approach to policy, based on Pascal's wager and allowing for subjective prior probability beliefs about whether climate deniers are right, prices carbon. Using the DICE integrated assessment model, we find that assigning a 10% chance of climate deniers being correct lowers the global price on carbon in 2020 only marginally: from $21 to $19 per ton of carbon dioxide if policymakers apply "Nordhaus discounting" and from $91 to $84 per ton of carbon dioxide if they apply "Stern discounting". Agnostics' reflection of remaining scientific uncertainty leaves climate policy essentially unchanged. The robustness of an ambitious climate policy also follows from using the max-min or the min-max regret principle. Letting the coefficient of relative ambiguity aversion vary from zero, corresponding to expected utility analysis, to infinity, corresponding to the max-min principle, we show how policy makers deal with fundamental climate model uncertainty if they are prepared to assign prior probabilities to different views of the world being correct. Allowing for an ethical discount rate and a higher market discount rate and for a wide range of sensitivity exercises including damage uncertainty, we show that pricing carbon is the robust response under rising climate scepticism. / Series: Ecological Economic Papers

19世紀英美傳教士為佈教需要，在粤東潮汕地區留下了許多記錄當地方言的材料。這些材料採用字母記音，著重記錄當時當地口語情況，彌補了傳統韻書只記音類不標實際發音的缺陷，是考察19世紀音系、研究語音歷時演變的重要資源。本文旨在考察11本粤東潮汕地區傳教士語料，構建19世紀潮汕地區方言音系的同時，運用歷時比較的方法，分析一百多年來方言語音演變現象，探索其中的機制和規律，並以歷時音變研究成果為基礎，考察與傳教士語料年代相近的方言韻書及與其相關的研究。 / 本文首先通過考察傳教士語料的編寫說明、音值符號和記音地點，用窮盡式語料檢索方法，描寫、比較各語料音系，構建19世紀潮汕地區方言音系，確定19世紀傳教士語料音系，是以潮州府城（今天潮州市區）方言為主，夾雜汕頭、澄海音系特點的事實。之後，論文通過考察潮州方言輔音韻尾在一百多年來的演變，明確了輔音韻尾演變的兩種類型，並為這種演變找到起始音類，同時為聲化韻ŋ找到了演變路徑。研究又以文白異讀現象及其歷時演變為考察對象，總結了文白異讀的演變趨勢和規律，並釐清了同一音值不同層次分屬、「去鼻化音變」作用下的層次性差異、遇攝字ou韻母存古屬性、潮州方言陽聲韻攝vN類韻母白讀層特徵、陽聲韻鼻化元音來自鼻音尾等問題，並藉-m/-p韻尾演變模式，豐富、拓展了「鼻音、塞音韻尾演變階段」理論。最後，藉上述研究成果，我們檢驗以往學者對《韓江聞見錄》、《潮聲十五音》、《潮語十五音》和《擊木知音》的研究情況，梳理了這些材料的音類分合和歸屬特徵。 / 採用歷時比較、邏輯推理與文獻互證相結合的研究方法，並藉科學的量化統計模式，我們從多角度考量傳教士語料，對一百多年來潮州方言語音演變現象作有效的探索和考究。 / In the 19th Century, in order to assist the missionary work, many Anglo-American Christian missionaries published dialect records of Chaoshan area. These records are Romanized dialect records reflecting colloquial pronunciations of Chaoshan dialects in the 19th Century, which were neglected by the traditional Chinese rhyme dictionaries. They are very important resources for studying the diachronic change of language. This dissertation attempts to construct the phonological systems of Chaoshan dialects, analyze the patterns and rules of the diachronic change phenomena, and evaluate the research results of traditional Chinese rhyme dictionaries by investigating 11 kinds of dialect records published by missionaries.. / By comparing the differences of symbols in these dialect records, this dissertation constructs the phonological system of Chaoshan Dialects of the 19th Century and ascertains that it is a phonological system based on Chaozhou City dialect and mixed with some features of Shantou, Chenghai Dialects. And then the dissertation analyzes 2 patterns of coda change of Chaozhou Dialect, finding out the change trigger and the evolutionary process from “ŋ to “ŋ. Literary pronunciations and colloquial pronunciations (文白異讀) are also different between now and the 19th Century. The dissertation proposes the trends and patterns of these pronunciations, discusses the topics of “same sound, different stratums, “denasalization, and “the origin of ‘ou’, ’vN’, and ‘v’, and then examines the theory of coda changes with the “-m/-p evolution pattern. Based on the study, the dissertation evaluates the validity of the research of 4 documents of traditional Chinese rhyme dictionaries. / This dissertation synthesizes methods of diachronic comparison, logical judgment and textual studies, and scientific quantitative statistics. In so doing, it explores the dialect records in various aspects and summarizes patterns and rules of the phonological diachronic change of Chaozhou Dialect from Mid-19th to Early 21st Century. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 徐宇航. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 305-322) / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Xu Yuhang. / 論文提要 --- p.I / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 潮汕地區方言研究綜述 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 潮汕地區傳教士語料研究概況 --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- 其他地區傳教士語料研究概況 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- 本文的研究材料、內容、方法與目的 --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- 研究材料與內容 --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- 研究方法 --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- 研究意義 --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- 研究目的 --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5 --- 總結 --- p.15 / Chapter 第二章 --- 傳教士語料概況 --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1 --- 語料及語料作者的簡介 --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- 語料與語言點的對應關係 --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 語料編寫者對語料代表音系的介紹 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 現代潮州、汕頭方言的語音差異 --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- 潮州、汕頭地名的演變關係 --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3 --- 傳教士集中討論的語言學問題 --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- 傳教士談廣東的方言及潮汕地區方言的內部差異 --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- 潮汕地區方言在境外的使用情況 --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- 傳教士談習得潮汕地區方言的方法 --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- 潮汕地區方言之有音無字現象 --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- 潮汕地區方言的異讀現象 --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- 傳教士談潮汕地區方言詞彙的分類 --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4 --- 總結 --- p.44 / Chapter 第三章 --- 傳教士語料的符號與音系 --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1 --- 語料對潮汕地區方言音值與符號的討論 --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Dean1841的音值說明 --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Giles1877的音值說明 --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Fielde1878的音值說明 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Fielde1883的音值說明 --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Duffus1883的音值說明 --- p.52 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Ashmore1884的音值說明 --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1.7 --- Lim1886的音值說明 --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1.8 --- Gibson1886的音值說明 --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.9 --- Steele1924的音值說明 --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2 --- 語料的符號與音系 --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Dean1841的音系 --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Giles1877的音系 --- p.74 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Fielde1878的音系 --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Fielde1883的音系 --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Duffus1883的音系 --- p.87 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Ashmore1884的音系 --- p.90 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Lim1886的音系 --- p.93 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Gibson1886的音系 --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Matthew 1889、Genesis 1896的音系 --- p.99 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Steele 1924的音系 --- p.104 / Chapter 3.3 --- 19世紀潮汕地區方言音系的構建 --- p.107 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 聲母的符號與音值 --- p.108 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 韻母的符號與音值 --- p.114 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- 聲調的符號與調值 --- p.124 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- 潮汕地區方言音系的構建 --- p.126 / Chapter 3.4 --- 總結 --- p.128 / Chapter 第四章 --- 潮州方言輔音韻尾演變類型分析 --- p.130 / Chapter 4.1 --- 潮州方言輔音韻尾研究概況 --- p.130 / Chapter 4.2 --- 輔音韻尾類型A的演變特點 --- p.132 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 山、臻攝字的-n-ŋ/-t-k演變 --- p.133 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 非山、臻攝字的-n-ŋ/-t-k演變 --- p.137 / Chapter 4.3 --- 類型B的演變特點 --- p.141 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 19世紀uan/uat類韻母與今天潮州方言uaŋ/uak類韻母的關係 --- p.141 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- uan/uat類韻母的演變次序與模式 --- p.144 / Chapter 4.4 --- 類型C的演變特點 --- p.145 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- ŋ類韻母在19世紀和今天的分佈 --- p.145 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- ŋ類韻母的來源與演變 --- p.150 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- 19世紀語料ŋ類讀音記錄的異同 --- p.153 / Chapter 4.5 --- 潮州方言一百多年來輔音韻尾演變類型的關係 --- p.155 / Chapter 4.6 --- 總結 --- p.157 / Chapter 第五章 --- 潮州方言文白異讀現象及其演變分析 --- p.158 / Chapter 5.1 --- 潮州（潮汕）方言異讀現象的研究概況 --- p.158 / Chapter 5.2. --- 概念的釐清與研究方法的確定 --- p.160 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 概念的釐清 --- p.160 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 研究方式的確定 --- p.162 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- 文白異讀判斷原則的確定 --- p.163 / Chapter 5.3 --- 潮州方言聲調的文白異讀現象與變化 --- p.164 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 全清、次清聲母字聲調文白異讀變化分析 --- p.167 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 次濁聲母字聲調文白異讀變化分析 --- p.168 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- 全濁聲母字聲調文白異讀變化分析 --- p.171 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- 潮州方言聲調文白異讀一百多年來的演變趨勢 --- p.173 / Chapter 5.4 --- 潮州方言聲母的文白異讀現象與變化 --- p.173 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- 全清聲母字的文白異讀情況 --- p.180 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- 次清聲母字的文白異讀情況 --- p.180 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- 全濁聲母字的文白異讀情況 --- p.181 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- 次濁聲母字的文白異讀情況 --- p.182 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- 潮州方言聲母文白異讀一百多年來的演變趨勢 --- p.195 / Chapter 5.5 --- 潮州方言韻母的文白異讀現象與變化 --- p.195 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- 各攝韻母的異讀特點及其演變 --- p.195 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- 潮州方言韻母文白異讀一百多年來的演變趨勢 --- p.247 / Chapter 5.6 --- 潮州方言一百多年來異讀現象的演變趨勢與規律 --- p.248 / Chapter 5.6.1 --- 演變趨勢分析 --- p.248 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- 演變規律分析 --- p.250 / Chapter 5.7 --- 對Gibson 1886「正音」、「白音」之詮釋 --- p.251 / Chapter 5.8 --- 總結 --- p.254 / Chapter 第六章 --- 潮州方言非鼻音聲母陰聲韻字「鼻化元音增生」現象的思考 --- p.255 / Chapter 6.1 --- 「鼻化元音」現象研究概述 --- p.255 / Chapter 6.2 --- 傳教士語料中的非鼻音聲母陰聲韻字「鼻化元音增生」現象 --- p.256 / Chapter 6.3 --- 解釋非鼻音聲母陰聲韻字「鼻化元音增生」現象的三種觀點 --- p.257 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- 「音變條件」說 --- p.258 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- 「擴散演變」說 --- p.259 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- 「小稱作用」說 --- p.260 / Chapter 6.4 --- 總結 --- p.261 / Chapter 第七章 --- 與傳教士語料年代相近的方言韻書及其研究情況考察 --- p.262 / Chapter 7.1 --- 方言韻書及其研究概況 --- p.263 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- 潮汕地區方言韻書及相關資料 --- p.264 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- 韻書、方言材料的研究現狀 --- p.265 / Chapter 7.2 --- 《韓江聞見錄》語音記錄之討論 --- p.266 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- 李新魁據《韓江聞見錄》總結的清代潮州方言特點 --- p.267 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- 李新魁「二百年前潮州音特點」與傳教士語料研究結果之比較 --- p.268 / Chapter 7.3 --- 《潮聲十五音》、《潮語十五音》音系討論 --- p.269 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- 《潮聲十五音》、《潮語十五音》的音系 --- p.270 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- 兩本韻書音系的討論 --- p.271 / Chapter 7.4 --- 《擊木知音》音系討論 --- p.272 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- 三種《擊木知音》聲母、聲調構擬的比較 --- p.273 / Chapter 7.4.2 --- 三種《擊木知音》韻母構擬的比較 --- p.274 / Chapter 7.4.3 --- 《擊木知音》音系歸屬的討論 --- p.275 / Chapter 7.5 --- 總結 --- p.276 / Chapter 第八章 --- 結語 --- p.277 / Chapter 8.1 --- 內容與貢獻 --- p.278 / Chapter 8.2 --- 展望與期待 --- p.279 / 參考文獻 --- p.305