Construction is often defined as a project-oriented industry that develops complex one-of-a-kind products using an engineer-to-order (ETO) design process. The technical solutions that are developed in specific projects often have integral product architectures that are difficult to re-use in continuous improvement processes. The ETO process also means that very few components can be produced before being ordered, which is necessary for creating economies of scale in production. In contrast, Modify-To-Order (MTO) Configure-To-Order (CTO) or Select variant-To-Order (STO) design processes based on theories of mass customization reuse technical solutions from earlier projects to varying degrees. However, many researchers argue that results and theories from the manufacturing industry cannot be used in the contexts of construction because each construction project has different functional requirements and local site conditions whose interaction mandates the creation of unique end products that cannot be modularized as is done in manufacturing industries. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how mass customization principles could be utilized in the design of construction products, especially how the adoption of platform architectures and configurators could support the reuse of technical solutions between projects. Several case studies of projects using different specification levels (MTO, CTO and STO) were conducted to test theories of mass customization in the context of construction. The results obtained show that when working at the MTO and CTO specification levels, platform architectures should be based on modules that can be developed incrementally. STO products can be developed with integral product architectures, but if the needs of customers in the target market segment change this presents a risk of ad-hoc end product customization that will adversely affect the production system downstream in the value chain. For all studied specification levels, it is important to determine whether the target market volume is sufficient to justify the cost of developing a product platform. The introduction of design modules in modular platform architectures enables the development and use of configurators in ETO construction design processes. Such tools allow MTO platforms to be customized using a mixture of traditional ETO design and the configuration of predefined modules. Configuration tools for module customization at the MTO and CTO levels must therefore be integrated with the traditional design tools used in construction. The configuration of modular platform architectures also facilitates the effective use of information and its transfer between domains. As the use of pre-defined modules in the product specification process increases, the need to involve multiple design disciplines decreases. At the STO level, the design work can be reduced to such an extent that customization can be achieved using web-based configurators.Overall, the results presented in this thesis indicate that the Products in Product mass customization concept introduced by Erixon (1998) can be implemented at multiple specification levels in the traditional design of construction products. By introducing the new design module category into the platform architecture, predefined construction product platforms can be integrated with the traditional ETO design process and developed incrementally. / Construction is often defined as a project oriented industry developing complex one-of-a-kind products in an engineer-to-order (ETO) driven process by temporary organizations. That is resulting in a fragmented design process with loose connection between different disciplines. Many studies indicate that the early stages of product development is critical for product constructability, but technical solutions that are developed in specific projects lead to integral product architectures that are difficult to re-use in a continuous improvement process. The ETO process also means that very few components can be produced before ordering, a prerequisite for creating economies of scale in production. By changing the product realization process to "modify- to-Order" (MTO), "configure- to-order" (CTO) or "select variant" (STP), which is based on the theories of mass customization, technical solutions can be reused between the specific projects. However, several researchers in the construction industry proclaim that the contexts of construction industry cannot be compared with other industries and products. The variation of interacting functional requirements creates unique end products that cannot be separated in similar way as in the manufacturing industry. Arguments are based on the uniqueness of the end products that is analysed with regards to the highest level in the product architecture, which is why a more nuanced view is required.Mass Customisation can be described as an approach to combine economies of scale from mass production with increased customization for the end customer. To successfully achieve this, the generic product architecture need to be based on a modular architecture with clear separation between functional requirements (FR) and design parameters ( DP) and well-specified interfaces between the modules. Selected market segment affects the demand for product customization relatively the order point and thus affects its product realization process; MTO, CTO and STP, whereupon the selected specification level also affects the generic product architecture with its product platform and how the customization can be done. The purpose of this thesis is to describe whether and how mass customization can be used in the construction industry by describing the relationships between product architectures and the specification levels.Several case studies in the specification levels MTO, CTO and STP have been made based on theory of mass customization. The case studies have been performed in a deductive approach where theories have been tested in real cases and validated through experiments. Results from the cases have improved the understanding in this area and been used in following case studies, why the thesis as a whole can be described as abduction.Research results shows that in the MTO and CTO specification level, product platforms should be based on modules that can be developed incrementally. STP products can be developed with integral product architecture, but if changes in the customer segment occur there is great risk that production will be affected negatively. In all studied specification levels, it is important to understand the market segment volumes to justify the development costs. Introduction of "Design variant module" for modular systems means that configurators for subsystems can be developed. Customization of MTO platforms then consists of a mixture of traditional design and configuration of modules. But to accomplish this, the link between ICT tools in the MTO and CTO process needs to be connected with traditional ICT tools in the construction industry. However, using modular product architectures in the design greatly reduce the information exchange between disciplines. If STP products are developed customization can be done using a web interface.In conclusion, if using the "Products in Product" concept (Erixon, 1998) it is possible to implement theories from mass customization in construction. It is also seen that modular product architecture creates opportunities to repair information chains and minimizes the exchange of information between different disciplines, enabling the use of ICT tools developed in other industries. By introducing a new module category to the existing theory, namely "Design variant module", the traditional design process (ETO) can be coupled with predefined product platforms and develop incrementally. / Godkänd; 2014; 20140416 (patjen); Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Patrik Jensen Ämne: Byggproduktion/Construction Engineering Avhandling: Configuration of Platform Architectures in Construction Opponent: Professor Lars Hvam, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark Ordförande: Professor Thomas Olofsson, Avd för byggkonstruktion- och produktion, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Tisdag den 17 juni 2014, kl 13.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet

Aus der Einleitung: "Die Produktmodularität beeinflusst den finanziellen Erfolg eines Unternehmens (Eitelwein & Weber 2008). Das wirtschaftliche Einsparpotenzial der Produktmodularisierung wird dabei im Wesentlichen durch die Wiederverwendung von Produktkomponenten und der damit verbundenen Skalen- und Lernkurveneffekte erzielt (Göpfert 1998, Schölling 1997, Kersten & Koppenhagen 2002). Modularität ist von firmenspezifischen Faktoren abhängig (Hohnen 2010). Die Kenntnis dieser Faktoren und deren quantitative Ausprägung sind Voraussetzung für eine Determinierung der Produktmodularität hinsichtlich eines Kostenoptimums. Da diese Einflüsse nicht nur firmenspezifisch sind, sondern insbesondere von Produktsparte zu Produktsparte variieren (siehe Eitelwein & Weber 2008), ist es zweckmäßig, die jeweilige Modularität zu ermitteln und diese in Form einer Anforderung als Eingangsgröße an die Produktentwicklung weiter zu geben. Daraus leitet sich die Notwendigkeit einer Vorgehensweise ab, die es ermöglicht, die Modularität eines Produktes analysieren zu können und eine eindeutig quantifizierbare Aussage über die Modularität auszugeben."

Domain-specific languages (DSLs) are useful tools for coping with complexity in software development. DSLs provide developers with appropriate constructs for specifying and solving the problems they are faced with. While the exact definition of DSLs can vary, they can roughly be divided into two categories: embedded and non-embedded. Embedded DSLs (E-DSLs) are integrated into general-purpose host languages (e.g. Java), while non-embedded DSLs (NE-DSLs) are standalone languages with their own tooling (e.g. compilers or interpreters). NE-DSLs can for example be found on the Semantic Web where they are used for querying or describing shared domain models (ontologies). A common theme with DSLs is naturally their support of focused expressive power. However, in many cases they do not support non–domain-specific component-oriented constructs that can be useful for developers. Such constructs are standard in general-purpose languages (procedures, methods, packages, libraries etc.). While E-DSLs have access to such constructs via their host languages, NE-DSLs do not have this opportunity. Instead, to support such notions, each of these languages have to be extended and their tooling updated accordingly. Such modifications can be costly and must be done individually for each language. A solution method for one language cannot easily be reused for another. There currently exist no appropriate technology for tackling this problem in a general manner. Apart from identifying the need for a general approach to address this issue, we extend existing composition technology to provide a language-inclusive solution. We build upon fragment-based composition techniques and make them applicable to arbitrary (context-free) languages. We call this process for the composition techniques’ universalization. The techniques are called fragment-based since their view of components— reusable software units with interfaces—are pieces of source code that conform to an underlying (context-free) language grammar. The universalization process is grammar-driven: given a base language grammar and a description of the compositional needs wrt. the composition techniques, an adapted grammar is created that corresponds to the specified needs. The result is thus an adapted grammar that forms the foundation for allowing to define and compose the desired fragments. We further build upon this grammar-driven universalization approach to allow developers to define the non–domain-specific component-oriented constructs that are needed for NE-DSLs. Developers are able to define both what those constructs should be, and how they are to be interpreted (via composition). Thus, developers can effectively define language extensions and their semantics. This solution is presented in a framework that can be reused for different languages, even if their notion of ‘components’ differ. To demonstrate the approach and show its applicability, we apply it to two Semantic Web related NE-DSLs that are in need of component-oriented constructs. We introduce modules to the rule-based Web query language Xcerpt and role models to the Web Ontology Language OWL.

This thesis covers a product development process carried out in collaboration with Ericsson –Enclosure & Power and their development of Radio Base Stations (RBS). As Ericsson expands into new markets, the different customer demands on their support systems increases in number and variation. In order to improve their business structure and still provide a wide array of product solutions, they are currently developing a new modular product family. Today numerous methods for product modularization exist, but there is a lack of experience of using such methods at Ericsson – Enclosure & Power. This thesis is an exploration of what methods could be suitable to use in this context, and how to implement them in a beneficial way. The object of study is the Battery Base Unit (BBU), a mounting base for RBS cabinets that contains a compartment for backup batteries. A methodology is suggested for developing this product in a way that secures a proper modular structure. Part of the methodology consists of standard product development methods such as Quality Function Deployment (QFD), concept selection and prototyping. The other part consist of the modularization methods Function Structure Heuristics and Design Structure Matrix (DSM), that are employed first on functional level before developing concepts and secondly on component-based level while detailing the final concept. The thesis describes how these implementations have been made, how the product have been developed from idea to prototype and the resulting product modularity. The final design is evaluated against the product specification and the benefits and drawbacks of using a formalized modularization process for product development at Ericsson – Enclosure & Power are discussed. / Detta arbete handlar om den produktutveckling som utförts i samarbete med Ericsson –Enclosure & Power och deras utveckling av kabinett för radiobasstationer (RBS). Ericssons expansion på nya marknader ökar mängden krav på deras olika supportsystem. För att kunna vidareutveckla sin verksamhet och samtidigt erbjuda ett stort antal produktlösningar utvecklar de för närvarande en ny modulbaserad produktfamilj. Idag finns ett flertal metoder för produktmodularisering men man saknar erfarenhet av att arbeta med sådana metoder på Ericsson– Enclosure & Power. Detta arbete undersöker vilka metoder som är lämpliga att använda i detta sammanhang, och hur man på bästa sätt ska implementera dem. Objektet för denna studie är Batteribasenheten (BBUn) som är ett fundament för montering av RBS kabinettet med ett utrymme för reservbatterier. Ett övergripande tillvägagångssätt föreslås för att säkerställa att utvecklingen av denna produkt inkluderar en bra modulär uppbyggnad. Delvis består tillvägagångssättet av vanliga produktutvecklingsmetoder såsom Quality Function Deployment (QFD), koncepturval och prototyper. I övrigt består det i modulariseringsmetoderna Function Structure Heuristics och Design Structure Matrix (DSM) som används först på funktionsnivå innan konceptgenereringsfasen och därefter på komponentnivå under detaljutvecklingen av det slutliga konceptet. Detta arbete beskriver hur dessa metoder har implementerats, hur produktenhar utvecklats från idé till prototyp samt den resulterande produktmodulariteten. Den slutliga utformningen utvärderas mot den angivna kravspecificeringen och fördelarna och nackdelarna med att använda en formaliserad metod för produktutveckling på Ericsson – Enclosure & Power diskuteras.

This Master of Science Thesis contains the result of a product development project, conducted in collaboration with Scania CV AB in Södertälje. Scania has a successful history in vehicle modularization and therefore wanted to investigate the possibility to modularize their test rigs as well, in order to gain various types of benefits. The section UTT (Laboratory Technology) at Scania, where the project was conducted, had however little experience in product modularization. The author of the thesis therefore identified a specific test rig and modularized it by using appropriate methods. Moreover, a new method was developed by the author, in order to modularize the test rig according to both product complexity and company strategies. This was done by adapting the DSM (Design Structure Matrix) with strategies from the MIM (Module Indication Matrix), before clustering it with the IGTA++ clustering algorithm. The result of the different modularization methods was finally evaluated and compared, before choosing the most suitable modular test rig architecture. The chosen architecture was then analyzed, in order to determine potential benefits that it could offer. Another purpose of the thesis was to answer the research questions about the possibility to combine a DSM and MIM, and if that would improve the result when modularizing a product. The thesis also aimed at providing the project owners with a theoretical background in the field of product modularization and System-Level design (embodiment design). The conclusions of the thesis is that the chosen modular test rig architecture has 41% less complexity (compared with the original architecture) and could potentially increase the flexibility, reduce the risk of design mistakes and reduce the development time by up to 70%. It would also be theoretically possible to reuse up to 57% of the modules, when redesigning the test rig in the future. The thesis also identified that it is possible to transfer some information from a MIM and import it to a DSM, which answered one of the research questions, it was however not possible to claim that it will always improve the result. / Detta M.Sc. examensarbete innehåller resultatet av ett produktframtagningsprojekt som genomfördes i samarbete med Scania CV AB i Södertälje. Scania har en framgångsrik historia inom modularisering av fordon och var därför intresserade av att undersöka möjligheten att modularisera sina provningsriggar, för att uppnå olika typer av strategiska fördelar. Sektionen UTT (Laboratorieteknik) på Scania, där projektet genomfördes, hade dock lite erfarenhet av modularisering av produkter. Författaren av detta examensarbete identifierade därför en specifik provningsrigg och modulariserade den med hjälp av lämpliga metoder. Dessutom utvecklades en ny metod av författaren för att både kunna betrakta företagsstrategier och produktkomplexiteten under modulariseringen. Detta gjordes genom att anpassa en DSM (Design Structure Matrix) med strategier från en MIM (Module Indication Matrix), innan den klustrades med hjälp av algoritmen IGTA++. Resultatet av de olika modulariseringsmetoderna utvärderades och jämfördes slutligen innan den lämpligaste modulära provriggsarkitekturen valdes. Den valda arkitekturen analyserades sedan för att identifiera tänkbara strategiska fördelar som den skulle kunna möjliggöra. Ett annat syfte med examensarbetet var att besvara forskningsfrågorna om möjligheten att kombinera en DSM och MIM, och om det i så fall skulle förbättra resultatet av modulariseringen. Målet med examensarbetet var också att förse sektionen UTT med en teoretisk bakgrund inom modularisering och systemkonstruktion. Slutsatserna av examensarbetet är att den valda modulära produktarkitekturen har 41% lägre komplexitet (jämfört med den ursprungliga arkitekturen) och skulle dessutom potentiellt kunna öka flexibiliteten, minska risken för konstruktionsfel samt minska ledtiden (under utvecklingen) med upp till 70%. Det skulle också vara teoretiskt möjligt att återanvända upp till 57% av modulerna när den studerade provningsriggen behöver utvecklas i framtiden. Under examensarbetet identifierades också möjligheten att överföra information från en MIM till en DSM, vilket besvarade en av forskningsfrågorna. Det var dock inte möjligt att besvara frågan om det alltid förbättrar resultatet.

According to production process theory, customization is directly related to cost and inversely related to volume, efficiency, and productivity. However, customers generally desire products that are individually tailored to their wants and needs. For this reason, as residential contractors grow, they struggle to meet customers' demands for flexibility. This struggle to increase customization is not unique to the construction industry and many other industries have studied this problem in depth. While the inverse relationship between customization and cost is generally true, mass customization can enable increased customization with limited or no increased cost. The residential construction process employs many mass customization enabling principles, including modularity and product family design. However, the preconstruction process fails to employ these same principles. The purpose of this study was to explore how mass customization principles can simplify customization in the residential preconstruction process. Two rounds of interviews were conducted with residential construction industry preconstruction experts. Using their input, a process for implementing mass customization was developed. The results demonstrate that implementing mass customization principles can greatly simplify the purchasing, estimating, and option pricing processes for residential contractors. However, mass customization also significantly affects company structure, cost control strategies, trade relationships, and leanness. This research is enlightening to residential contractors struggling to manage customization. It also provides direction for software developers targeting the residential construction processes.

Eine Herausforderung aus Industrie 4.0 ist die Produktion individueller Produkte in der Losgröße 1. Dabei denken wir zuerst an Fotobuch, die Cola mit einem Etikett, das unseren Namen trägt und viele weitere der inzwischen zahlreich angebotenen individualisierten Endprodukte. Dabei wird oft vergessen, dass für deren Herstellung Maschinen und Anlagen erforderlich sind, die selbst individuelle Produkte sind und nicht mehr kosten sollen als deren Pendants aus der Großserie. Um dies zu leisten, reicht es nicht aus, Daten in einer Cloud zu sammeln und auszuwerten oder das Förderband mit einem Internetanschluss zu versehen. Vielmehr bedarf es ganzheitlicher Konzepte, mit denen Produktionssysteme nachhaltig und individuell entwickelt werden können. Ein Lösungsansatz dazu ist die funktions- und objektorientierte Modularisierung, bei der die zu realisierenden Funktionen den gesamten Entwicklungs- und Konstruktionsprozess bestimmen. [... aus dem Text]

Detta M.Sc. examensarbete innehåller resultatet från ett projekt som utförs i samarbete med Scania CV AB i Södertälje. Projektet är inriktat på arkitekturanalyser där olika modulariseringsmetoder tillämpas på ett komplext system. Scania har en känd och framgångsrik historia inom modularisering, som anses spelat en viktig roll för att bli ett av världens ledande företag idag. Därför ville produktbeskrivningsmetodavdelningen på Scania undersöka ett motordelsystem för att få en bättre förståelse för sin nuvarande arkitektur. För detta ändamål har lämpliga modulariseringsmetoder använts.Systemet Extreme High-Pressure Injection (XPI) valdes av författaren för undersökning och modulariserades med två olika metoder: Heuristisk metoden och DSM (Design Structure Matrix) –metoden, med hjälp av IGTA ++ klustringsalgoritmen. De resulterande klustren från bådametoderna analyserades och jämfördes med de från den nuvarande arkitekturen. Baserat på dessaanalyser föreslogs en modulär arkitektur slutligen av författaren.Avhandlingen identifierar de arkitektoniska skillnaderna efter tillämpning av modulariseringsmetoderna och belyser de möjliga faktorer som kan påverka analysresultaten. Den avslöjar också att DSM-analyserna visar de mest liknande klusterförslagen med den nuvarande arkitekturen. Utvecklingen av systemkonfigurationen undersöks också genom att använda den tidigare versionen som referens. Ett annat syfte med uppsatsen är att svara på frågan om systemets flexibilitet när det gäller teknikskifte. / This Master Thesis encloses the results of a project conducted in collaboration with Scania CV AB in Södertälje. The project is focused on architecture analysis when modularization methods are applied to a complex system. Scania has a known and successful history in modularization, which it is claimed to play an essential role in becoming one of the world’s leading companies today. Therefore, the Product description methodology department within Scania wanted to investigate an engine subsystem in order to have a better understanding of its current architecture. For this purpose, there have been implemented suitable modularization methods.The Extreme High-Pressure Injection (XPI) system was chosen by the author for investigation and modularized using two different methods: Heuristic method and DSM (Design Structure Matrix) method using IGTA++ clustering algorithm. The resulted clusters from both methods were analyzed and compared with the ones from the current architecture. Based on these analyses a modular architecture was finally suggested by the author.The thesis identifies the architectural differences after applying the modularization methods and highlights the possible factors which may influence the analyses results. It also reveals the DSM analyses show most similar cluster proposals with the current architecture. The evolution of the system configuration is also investigated by having its previous version as reference. Another purpose of the thesis is to answer the research question regarding the system’s flexibility when it comes to technology shift.

Recent years have seen multiple machine-learning research projects concerning agents in video games. Yet, there is a disjoint between this academic research and the video game industry, evidenced by the fact that game developers still hesitate to use neural networks (NN) due to lack of clarity and control. Particularly for denizens, which are agents that take specific roles and have highly specialized purposes. Many denizens share features that could be exploited to reduce the hardship of training different types of denizens. A Cooperative Modular Neural Network (CMNN) seeks to provide more clarity and control than a monolithic neural network (Mono-NN) by breaking down the problem into specialist modules that exploit common denizen features and fuse them via a main network. The objective is to compare the CMNN and the Mono-NN in technical performance, and to compare the player satisfaction of playing against the two approaches in the same video game, Star Fetchers. The game was chosen because it belongs to the established genre of two-dimensional platforming games, providing a simple context. All NNs were implemented using the library TorchSharp. The approaches were compared on frame time, memory usage, and training time. A User Study of 58 participants' opinions regarding engagement and denizen movement was conducted and the results were analyzed for any statistical significance. The CMNN approach was shown to perform worse in frame time and memory usage. However, through parallelization of the modules, and by sharing modules between CMNNs, the gap can be bridged slightly. The training time was shown to be worse for the CMNN compared to the Mono-NN. Backward propagation, however, was faster for the CMNN, counterbalancing the time lost during forward propagation at shorter episode lengths. The CMNN also produces a minimum viable denizen in fewer epochs, significantly reducing the real-time spent training the denizen. The results of the User Study was inconclusive due to statistical insignificance. The CMNN is a viable competitor to Mono-NNs, at least in some aspects. Training is still costly in terms of time and effort and the complexity concerning hyperparameters and intelligent choice of reward function remains. However, the modules provide out-of-the-box networks that can be reused. More work within the area of cooperative modular methods is needed before the video game industry has any reason to make the change over from other time-proven methods. / De senaste åren har flera maskininlärningsforskningsprojekt om agenter i datorspel genomförts. Trots detta finns en klyfta mellan denna akademiska forskning och datorspelsindustrin. Detta tydliggörs av det faktum att spelutvecklare fortfarande tvekar att använda neurala nätverk på grund av bristande klarhet och kontroll. Detta gäller särskilt "invånare", agenter som har specifika roller och specialiserade syften. Många invånare delar egenskaper som skulle kunna utnyttjas för att minska svårigheten med att träna olika typer av invånare. Ett Kooperativt Modulärt Neuralt Nätverk (CMNN) strävar efter att ge mer klarhet och kontroll än ett monolitiskt neuralt nätverk (Mono-NN) genom att bryta ned problemet i specialiserade moduler som utnyttjar gemensamma egenskaper hos invånare och förenar dem via ett huvudnätverk. Syftet är att jämföra ett CMNN och ett Mono-NN i teknisk prestanda, och att jämföra användarupplevelsen då användaren spelar mot de två metoderna i samma datorspel, Star Fetchers. Spelet valdes då det tillhör den väletablerade genren av två-dimensionella plattformsspel, vilket ger en simpel kontext för arbetet. Båda neurala nätverken implementerades med biblioteket TorchSharp. Nätverken jämfördes med avseende på tid per bild, minnesanvändning och träningstid. En användarstudie samlade åsikter från 58 deltagare angående spelarens engagemang och invånarnas rörelse, vilket analyserades för eventuella statistiska signifikanser. CMNN presterade sämre med tanke på tid per bild och minnesanvändning. Dock, genom parallellisering och delning av moduler mellan flera CMNN, kan klyftan mellan dem minskas. Träningstiden visade sig vara sämre för CMNN jämfört med Mono-NN. Bakåtpropagering var dock snabbare med CMNN, vilket kompenserar för den tid som förloras under framåtpropagering vid kortare episodlängder. CMNN producerar också en acceptabel invånare på färre epoker, vilket markant minskar den verkliga tiden som spenderas på att träna invånare. Resultaten från användarstudien var inte övertygande på grund av brist på statistisk signifikans. CMNN är ett bra alternativ till Mono-NN, åtminstone med tanke på vissa aspekter. Träningen är fortfarande resurskrävande i form av tid och ansträngning och komplexiteten kring hyperparametrar och intelligent val av belöningsfunktion består. Modulerna tillhandahåller dock färdiga nätverk som kan återanvändas. Det krävs i framtiden mer arbete inom kooperativa och modulära metoder innan datorspelsindustrin har någon anledning att byta över från andra, beprövade metoder.

Today, Alstom has several types of High-Voltage sections (HV), which are adapted for every new type of train. Some are very similar in size and components and others are more different. The purpose of this master's thesis was to come up with a way to split this HV box into smaller modules and assemble them using frame- and fastener concepts to simplify the manufacturing and assembly of the HV section. The work consisted of concept generation in parallel or both the frames and fasteners, then evaluating them through matrices using different priorities and parameters. The detail-construction used supported simulations and discussions with Alstom to come up with the final product while incorporating the existing demands of lifespan, durability, and IP-rating. The result was two different fastening concepts between modules which were named “Twist Lock” and “Corner Cut”. They are both using a frame design that utilized adaptable plates that differentiated depending on the intended purpose of the module and its placement in the configuration. The majority of the frame is standardized for all modules while smaller gland plates with different electrical connections are placed depending on the internal components. The fasteners were chosen for ease of assembly according to set strength requirements. “Corner Cut” uses the corners on the exterior of the frame to assemble using bolts and nuts. The “Twist Lock” concept is fastened through the interior and the frame was adjusted so that assembly does not interfere with the internal components. If one of the concept is chosen to be used, Alstom will be able to offer eight different configurations, instead of the two configurations that they have today. To proceed, the attachment must be tested practically based on the set strength requirements. / Idag har Alstom flera typer av högspännings-sektioner (HV) som är anpassade för varje ny tågtyp. Vissa av dem är mycket lika i storlek och komponenter och andra skiljer sig mer åt. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att hitta ett sätt att dela upp denna HV-låda i mindre moduler och montera dem med hjälp av ram- och infästningskoncept för att förenkla tillverkningen och monteringen av HV-sektionen. Arbetet bestod av konceptgenerering parallellt för både ramarna och infästningen, sedan utvärdera dessa genom matriser med olika prioriteringar och parametrar. Detaljkonstruktionen använde stödjande simuleringar och diskussioner med Alstom för att komma fram till den slutliga produkten samtidigt som de befintliga kraven på livslängd, hållbarhet och IP-klassning integrerades. Arbetet resulterade i två olika infästningskoncept mellan modulerna som namngavs “Twist Lock” och “Corner Cut”. De använder båda en ramdesign som utnyttjar anpassningsbara plattor som skiljer sig beroende på modulens syfte och placering i tänkt konfiguration. Majoriteten av ramen är standardiserad för alla moduler medan mindre skruvplattor med elektriska anslutningar placeras beroende på de interna komponenterna. Fästena valdes för att vara enkla att montera utefter satta hållfasthetskrav. ”Corner Cut” använder hörnen på utsidan av ramen och modulerna monteras med hjälp av bultar och muttrar. ”Twist Lock” fästs i stället på insidan och ramen justeras så att montaget inte stör de interna komponenterna. Väljer man att gå över till ett av infästningskoncepten så kan man erbjuda åtta konfigurationer av systemet, i stället för dagens två konfigurationer. För att gå vidare så måste infästningarna testas i produktion utifrån de satta hållfasthetskraven.