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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Amplificação de DNA de Neisseria meningitidis em amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano pela reação em cadeia da polimerase-multiplex / Multiplex-PCR for the diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis in cerebral spinal fluid

Jane Harumi Atobe 30 September 1998 (has links)
Padronizou-se a PCR-Multiplex para a detecção do DNA de Neisseria meningitidis. Para tanto os primers escolhidos foram: RW01, DG74 e COR28 baseados na subunidade menor do ribossomo (16S rRNA) que apresenta regiões de seqüências conservadas encontradas em todas as bactérias conhecidas. Os primers RW01 e DG74 amplificaram o fragmento universal bacteriano de 370 bp e, os primers RW01 e COR28, o fragmento específico de N. meningitidis de 279 bp em uma única etapa. Os resultados obtidos nas amostras de LCR de 168 pacientes pelos métodos de cultura e PCR-Multiplex quando comparados à bacterioscopia mostraram que tal técnica apresentou alta sensibilidade (91,3%) no estudo de amostras de LCR de bacterioscopia positiva, enquanto que a cultura apresentou resultados menores (19,7%). Nas amostras de LCR com bacterioscopia negativa a sensibilidade da PCR-Multiplex (57,8%) também foi mais elevada do que da cultura (10%). Estes dados sugerem que a técnica aqui padronizada é altamente promissora para ser utilizada como método diagnóstico da meningite meningocócica, especialmente nos casos de pacientes submetidos à terapia antibiótica prévia. / The PCR-multiplex technique was standardized to detect N.meningitidis DNA. It was used universal primer for all bacteria showing sequence of minor subunit of 16S ribossome regions (RW01, DG74) by amplification of 370bp fragment and another (COR28) for specific sequence of N. meningitidis, amplifying 279bp fragment in one step. The results obtained in CSF samples of 168 patients by culture and PCR-Multiplex technique when compared with microscopy showed high sensitivity (91,3%) in samples with positive microscopy (81) to Gram negative diplococcus, however the culture presented only 19, 7% of positivity in the same samples. In other hand the CSF samples with negative bacterioscopy (67) the PCR-Multiplex sensitivity (57,8%) was higher to culture (10,0%) too. These data indicate a high sensitivity and specificity of PCR as a tool for a rapid diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis, mainly in that patient submitted to previous antibiotic therapy as in case of this work (90% of patients) besides the possibility of a rational practice of specific treatment.
82

Desenvolvimento de painel diagnóstico para rastreamento simultâneo das principais mutações envolvidas na perda auditiva / Development of a diagnostic panel for simultaneous screening of the main mutations related to hearing loss

Svidnicki, Maria Carolina Costa Melo, 1986- 05 August 2015 (has links)
Orientador: Edi Lúcia Sartorato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:38:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Svidnicki_MariaCarolinaCostaMelo_D.pdf: 3787463 bytes, checksum: 29bd7c40aa78f66813f8c5ccbd4806be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A perda da audição é uma doença sensorial comum, que pode ser causada por fatores genéticos ou ambientais. Os recentes avanços na biologia molecular têm permitido a determinação das causas genéticas da perda auditiva, e mais de 100 genes já foram relacionados com este fenótipo. Devido à elevada heterogeneidade genética envolvida, um grande número de pacientes permanece sem diagnóstico molecular, pois apenas um pequeno conjunto de genes é geralmente analisado. Isso indica a necessidade de novas estratégias metodológicas para o rastreamento simultâneo de mutações em múltiplos genes. Neste trabalho, um painel para genotipagem utilizando o sistema de espectrometria de massa iPLEX MassARRAY® (Sequenom Inc.), contendo 86 alterações em 17 genes, foi otimizado e testado, visando sua aplicação no diagnóstico molecular de indivíduos com perda auditiva. Inicialmente, um teste com indivíduos controles mostrou falha em 20% das alterações. Na tentativa de se obter uma maior taxa de genotipagem, os primers das alterações que falharam foram redesenhados e ressintetizados. Novos testes com 25 indivíduos controles mostraram um significativo aumento na taxa de genotipagem, e a especificidade e sensibilidade da técnica foram estimadas em mais de 95%. Após a otimização dos ensaios, um grupo de 180 indivíduos, com perda auditiva não-sindrômica com causa presumidamente genética, foi rastreado utilizando o painel desenvolvido, e a validação das mutações identificadas foi realizada por sequenciamento de DNA ou PCR seguido de análise de restrição enzimática. Alterações genéticas foram confirmadas em 31% dos indivíduos, sendo que em 20,6% dos casos analisados foi possível esclarecer a etiologia da perda auditiva. Alterações no gene GJB2 foram as mais prevalentes, porém outras mutações também foram identificadas nos genes SLC26A4, CDH23, MT-RNR1, MT-TS1, MYO15A e OTOF. A genotipagem de mutações usando o sistema iPLEX MassARRAY® mostrou melhor custo-benefício em comparação com as técnicas convencionais, e permitiu rastrear um conjunto mais abrangente de genes do que aqueles atualmente analisados. Portanto, o painel desenvolvido é viável para o rastreamento inicial de mutações envolvidas com a perda auditiva não-sindrômica e poderá auxiliar no diagnóstico dos pacientes afetados / Abstract: Hearing loss (HL) is a common sensorial disorder, which can be caused by genetic or environmental factors. Recent advances in molecular biology have allowed the determination of the genetic causes of HL, and more than 100 genes have been linked to the phenotype. Due to the extraordinary genetic heterogeneity involved in HL a large percentage of patients remain without any molecular diagnosis. This indicates the need for new methodological strategies for simultaneously screening for mutations in multiple genes. In this work, we optimized and tested a panel of 86 mutations in 17 different genes, screened using the mass spectrometry system, iPLEX MassARRAY® (Sequenom Inc.), in order to determine the molecular etiology of hearing loss. An initial genotyping of control subjects, showed failures in 20% of the selected alterations. In an attempt to achieve greater genotyping rates, the tests that failed were redesigned and new primers were synthesized. Further tests with 25 control subjects were then performed and showed significant increase in genotyping rate. The sensitivity and specificity of the technique showed average values above 95%. Additionally, a group of 180 individuals, with nonsyndromic hearing loss with presumably genetic causes, was tested using the developed panel, and the validation of the identified mutations was performed by DNA sequencing or PCR followed by restriction enzyme analysis. Genetic alterations were confirmed in 31% of patients, and in 20.6% of the individuals was possible to elucidate the etiology of HL. Mutations in the GJB2 gene were the most prevalent, but other mutations in the SLC26A4, CDH23, MT-RNR1, MYO15A, and OTOF genes were also identified. Genotyping of mutations using iPLEX MassARRAY® Spectrometry System proved to be faster and more cost-effective, compared to conventional techniques, and enabled the screening of a broader set of genes and mutations than those currently analyzed to establish the molecular etiology of hearing loss. Hence, the developed panel is feasible for the initial screening mutations involved in non-syndromic hearing loss and may aid in the diagnosis of affected patients / Doutorado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Doutora em Genética e Biologia Molecular
83

Computational Analysis of Biomolecular Data for Medical Applications from Bulk to Single-cell

Zhu, Kaiyi January 2020 (has links)
High-throughput technologies have continuously driven the generation of different biomolecular data, including the genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and other omics data in the last two decades. The developments and advances have revolutionized medical research. In this dissertation, a collection of computational analyses and tools, based on different types of biomolecular data with particular applications on human diseases are presented including 1) a cascade ensemble model based on the Dirichlet process mixture model for reconstructing tumor subclonality from tumor DNA sequencing data; 2) a meta-analysis of gene expression and DNA methylation data from prefrontal cortex samples of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders indicating a stress-related epigenetic mechanism; 3) 2DImpute, an imputation algorithm that is designed to alleviate the sparsity problem in single-cell RNA-sequencing data; and 4) a pan-cancer transformation from adipose-derived stromal cells to metastasis-associated fibroblasts revealed by single cell analysis.
84

Investigação molecular, caracterização genotípica de parasitas patogênicos e distribuição espacial por geoprocessamento de amostras humanas e ambientais do município de Bauru-SP.

Rosa-Lago, Natássia Carolina Esposito January 2020 (has links)
Orientador: Virgínia Bodelão Richini Pereira / Resumo: As infecções intestinais parasitárias são um problema mundial. Parasitas veiculados em água e alimentos como podem ser provenientes da falta de higiene durante o manuseio dos alimentos, contaminação ambiental por material fecal, irrigação de cultivos agrícolas com águas poluídas ou fossas sépticas precárias, situações comuns em países como o Brasil. Tais questões, colaboram para ocorrência de surtos por água e alimentos na população. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a presença de parasitas importantes em saúde pública em hortaliças e água de irrigação de propriedades do município de Bauru, São Paulo; bem como, nas fezes e nas mãos de manipuladores dos cultivos. As amostras foram coletadas de cinco propriedades do município de Bauru, sendo uma localizada em área urbana e quatro em área rural. Foram obtidas 33 amostras de água de irrigação, 62 de hortaliças, 31 das mãos e dez fecais dos manipuladores. Todas as amostras foram submetidas a análise molecular e as águas de irrigação submetidas ainda a análise microbiológica. Na análise microbiológica foi detectado coliformes totais e E. coli em três propriedades. Na análise molecular, o parasita mais prevalente em água de irrigação e hortaliça foi Cyclospora cayetanensis. Taenia spp. foi detectada em uma hortaliça e Giardia spp. foi mais prevalente nas amostras humanas. Não foi detectado Toxoplasma gondii. As amostras de água de irrigação apresentaram maior quantidade de amostras positivas. Atividades de educação em ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Parasitic intestinal infections are a worldwide problem. Parasites carried in water and food as they may come from the lack of hygiene during food handling, environmental contamination by fecal material, irrigation of agricultural crops with polluted water or precarious septic tanks, common situations in countries like Brazil. Such issues contribute to the occurrence of outbreaks by water and food in the population. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the presence of important parasites in public health in vegetables and irrigation water on rural properties in the municipality of Bauru, São Paulo; as well as in the feces and in the hands of crop handlers. The samples were collected from five rural properties in the municipality of Bauru, one of them located in an urban area and another four in a rural area. Were collected 33 samples of irrigation water, 62 of vegetables, 31 of hands and 10 fecal samples from handlers. All samples were subjected to molecular analysis and irrigation water was also subjected to microbiological analysis. In this microbiological analysis, total coliforms were detected at high rates and E. coli in three of the properties. In molecular analysis, the parasite most prevalent in the analysis and most common in irrigation water and vegetables was Cyclospora cayetanensis. Taenia spp. was detected in one greenery. Giardia spp. was most detected in human samples. Toxoplasma gondii was not detected. The samples of irrigation water had a grea... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
85

Biological markers of weight loss and muscle protein metabolism in early non-small cell lung cancer

Mehrfar, Parisa. January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
86

Développement d'une méthodologie PCR en temps réel pour la détection et la quantification in planta des principaux champignons pathogènes associés aux maladies du bois de la vigne / Development of a real time PCR methodology for in planta detection and quantification of the main fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases

Pouzoulet, Jérôme 13 July 2012 (has links)
Les maladies fongiques du bois de la vigne que sont le syndrome de l'esca, le Black Dead Arm (BDA) et l'Eutypiose sont particulièrement dommageables à la profession vitivinicole, et sont actuellement en progression. Le temps d'incubation nécessaire à l'expression de ces maladies au champ complique l'évaluation de solutions préventives adaptées en condition contrôlée ainsi qu'en condition de terrain. Ces travaux de thèse ont eu pour objectifs la conception et la validation de tests PCR quantitatifs en temps réel (RtqPCR), permettant la détection et la quantification in planta de cinq champignons associés aux maladies de dépérissement de la vigne, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora et Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (esca), Diplodia seriata et Neofusicoccum parvum (BDA), et Eutypa lata (Eutypiose). Le développement de tests multiplexes a ensuite été entrepris et ces derniers ont été évalués pour la détection de quatre champignons (2 associés à esca et 2 au BDA) dans le bois de jeunes plants issus de pépinière viticole. Enfin, l'étude de l'interaction in planta de deux champignons associés au syndrome de l'esca de la vigne (P.chlamydospora et P.aleophilum) a été réalisée par RT-qPCR, et complétée par la caractérisation histologique de la réponse de la plante à la blessure dans le bois, en inoculation individuelle et en co-inoculation. / Grapevine trunk diseases, among which esca's syndrome, Black Dead Arm (BDA) and Eutypiosis, represent a real threat for grape and wine industry. Incubation time required before symptoms externalization in field complicates the evaluation of the efficacy of preventive solution in control and field conditions. These thesis's works focused on the design and the validation of Real Time quantitative PCR assays (RT-qPCR), in order to detect and quantify in vine plant five fungi associated with grapevine trunk disease, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora et Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (esca), Diplodia seriata et Neofusicoccum parvum (BDA), et Eutypa lata (Eutypiosis). The development of multiplex assays was undertaken and these last were evaluated in order to detect four fungi (esca and BDA) in wood sample from young plants in vine nursery. Finally, a study of the interaction between two fungi associated with esca's syndrome has been determined in planta through RT-qPCR, and completed by a histological analysis of plant response to injury of woody tissues.
87

Identificação de marcadores moleculares para o câncer de tireóide por cDNA microarrays / Identification of molecular markers for thyroid cancer by cDNA microarrays

Stolf, Beatriz Simonsen 29 September 2003 (has links)
Doenças tireoideanas são bastante comuns, sendo sua maioria benigna. A relação entre os diversos tipos de doenças tireoideanas, bem como seus aspectos moleculares, são pouco conhecidos. O bócio (hiperplasia), por exemplo, é descrito por alguns como relacionado com carcinoma (tumor maligno) papilífero, enquanto que outros afirmam não haver relação causal entre as duas doenças. A questão mais desafiante, porém, refere-se à distinção entre adenoma (tumor benigno) e carcinoma folicular, que atualmente é feita apenas após à cirurgia, não permitindo tratamento diferenciado para os dois tipos de tumor. Este trabalho buscou identificar genes diferencialmente expressos entre tecido tireoideano normal, bócio, adenoma e carcinoma papilífero utilizando microarrays. Carcinomas foliculares não foram incluídos devido ao número e tamanho reduzidos das amostras. Dois tipos de array foram utilizados: arrays em membranas de nylon, contendo 213 clones obtidos por DDRT-PCR de amostras de tireóide, e arrays em vidro, contendo 3800 clones ORESTES. Experimentos utilizando o primeiro tipo de array identificaram três genes diferencialmente expressos, cuja expressão foi analisada por RT-PCR em 10 amostras de cada tipo de tecido. Dois deles foram capazes de diferenciar carcinomas papilíferos de tecido normal e bócio com 89% de precisão para o tumor maligno e 80% para os tecidos não malignos. Os arrays em vidro foram utilizados para avaliar o perfil de expressão de aproximadamente 10 amostras de cada tipo de tecido tireoideano. Foram identificados 160 clones diferencialmente expressos entre quaisquer dois tipos de tecido, cujas seqüências foram determinadas e comparadas com as dos bancos de dados. Dentre os genes mais interessantes destacam-se o correspondente à ATPase Na/K, cuja expressão está reduzida nos carcinomas em relação a tecidos normais e adenomas, o da proteína PDCD4, envolvida em morte celular programada, mais expresso em adenomas e tecidos normais em comparação com carcinomas e bócios, e os da calgizzarin (S100A11) e da α1-anti-tripsina, ambos mais ativos nos carcinomas do que nos demais tecidos. Todos esses genes já foram descritos como diferencialmente expressos em algum tipo de tumor. Este trabalho levou à padronização da metodologia de microarray em lâminas de vidro em nosso laboratório, bem como à identificação de genes que podem elucidar as alterações envolvidas na formação do bócio, adenoma e carcinoma papilífero. A implantação da técnica de amplificação de mRNA em nosso laboratório viabilizou a utilização de 10 amostras de carcinoma folicular, cuja massa de RNA total era insuficiente para as hibridizações. Essas amostras serão hibridizadas, juntamente com 10 amostras de adenoma, com microarrays contendo 4800 genes humanos conhecidos para a busca de genes diferencialmente expressos, de grande interesse diagnóstico. / Thyroid diseases are very common and are usually benign. The causal relationships among the different types of disease, as well as their molecular aspects, are not well understood. The goiter (hyperplasia), for instance, is described by some as related to papillary carcinoma (a malignant tumor), while others say there is no causal relationship between the two diseases. The most defying question, however, concerns the distinction between adenoma (benign tumor) and follicular carcinoma, which is currently made only after surgery, not allowing distinct treatments for the two kinds of tumor. This work aimed to identify differentially expressed genes among normal thyroid tissue, goiter, adenoma and papillary carcinoma using microarrays. Follicular carcinomas were not included due to the reduced number and size of the samples. Two kinds of array were used: arrays in nylon membranes, with 213 clones isolated from thyroid samples by differential display (DDRT-PCR); and glass slide arrays containing 3800 ORESTES clones.Experiments using the first type of array identified three differentially expressed genes, whose expression was analyzed by RT-PCR in 10 samples of each kind of tissue. Two of these genes were able to differentiate papillary carcinomas from goiters and normal tissues with precisions of 89% for the malignant tumor and 80% for the non-malignant tissues. Glass slide arrays were used to evaluate gene expression profile of approximately 10 samples of each type of thyroid tissue. 160 clones differentially expressed between any two tissues were identified, and their sequences were determined and compared with databases. Among the most interesting genes are Na/K ATPase gene, whose expression is reduced in carcinomas compared to normal tissues and adenomas, the gene corresponding to PDCD4 protein, involved in program cell death, with elevated expression in adenomas and normal tissues than carcinomas and goiters, and the genes of calgizzarin (S100A11) and α1-antitrypsin, both more active in carcinomas than the other tissues. All these genes have already been described as differentially expressed in at least one type of human cancer. This work led to the standardization of glass slide microarray technology in our laboratory, and to the identification of genes that may clarify the alterations involved in the formation of goiter, adenoma and follicular carcinoma. The implementation of mRNA amplification technique in our laboratory allowed the utilization of 10 samples of follicular carcinoma, whose mass was insufficient for microarray hybridizations. These samples will be hybridized along with 10 samples of adenomas, with microarrays containing 4800 known human genes to search for differentially expressed genes, of great diagnostic interest.
88

Mechanism and treatment of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Unknown Date (has links)
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a cardiac muscle disorder characterized by increased ventricular stiffness and diastolic dysfunction. Patients with RCM often present severe cardiac problems which usually lead to heart failure and sudden death. No effective treatment is available for RCM which makes the finding of novel efficient therapies an urgent necessity. Great progress in molecular biology techniques and advances in transgenic animal development provide great opportunities for the study of RCM and other cardiovascular diseases encountered in clinical patients.... Our laboratory is among the first to generate transgenic mouse models of RCM based on cardiac troponin I (cTnI) missense mutations. In this study, transgenic mice that suffer from RCM have been generated to understand the factors behind the diastolic dysfunction associated with that myocardial disease.... The information obtained from this study allows a better understanding of the role of troponin in RCM and the factors behind the physiopathology of the disease. It will also offer a therapeutic strategy taking into account the physiological characteristic of RCM. / by Pierre-Ives Jean-Charles. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.
89

cTnI N-Terminal deletion: an agent for rescuing restrictive cardiomyopathy, a disease caused by mutations of Cardiac Troponin I

Unknown Date (has links)
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is represented in part by left ventricular stiffness and diastolic dysfunction. Missense mutations of the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) gene cause idiopathic RCM. These mutations are located in the C-terminus of cTnI and affect cardiac relaxation. Transgenic mouse models presenting the pathology observed in clinical patients with RCM have been generated previously and express the mutant cTnI in their hearts. RCM-linked mutations increase cardiac myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and promote diastolic dysfunction in the heart. Previous studies using double transgenic mice (cTnI/R193H/ND) showed that ventricular relaxation is enhanced in the cTnI/R193H transgenic mice. In this study, another double transgenic mouse model, (cTnI/R193H/ND/KO), provides an avenue to investigate its rescuing effects on RCMlinked mutations in the cTnI /R193H/KO mouse. Use of molecular biological techniques, transgenic animal developments and murine echocardiography in this study has culminated into a greater understanding of RCM and diastolic dysfunction. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
90

Patogenicidade de fungos associados à sementes de andropogon e caracterização morfológica e molecular de Curvularia lunata

Santos, Patrícia Resplandes Rocha dos 20 December 2016 (has links)
O Andropogon L. é uma gramínea forrageira, amplamente distribuída em áreas de Cerrado e com períodos de seca prolongada. Apresenta características de ser denso com grandes touceiras e com inflorescência plumosa, tendo uma elevada capacidade na disseminação de suas sementes. Por sua vez, as sementes são consideradas principais fontes de abrigo e transporte de agentes patogênicos para áreas livres de doenças. No Tocantins, não há registros de trabalhos que relacionem a incidência de fungos em sementes de Andropogon como causadores de doenças em culturas de importância agrícola. Da mesma forma, não há pesquisas sobre o transporte, transmissibilidade e patogenicidade de fungos associados à suas sementes. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade sanitária de sementes do Andropogon, a transmissão de fungos via semente-plântula e a patogenicidade à plantas de outras espécies de importância agrícola, e também realizar a caracterização morfológica e molecular de Curvularia sp. isolados de sementes de Andropogon. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fitopatologia, Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Doenças e Casa de Vegetação da Universidade Federal do Tocantins. No capítulo 1, utilizou-se o método blotter test para a avaliação da sanidade das sementes com e sem desinfestação. A incidência dos fungos foi avaliada a partir da análise individual das sementes com auxílio de microscópio estereoscópico e ótico. A germinação das sementes foi avaliada após 10 dias de instalação do teste, juntamente com a identificação de fungos associados às sementes não germinadas. Para os fungos detectados na análise sanitária avaliou-se a capacidade de transmissão via semente-plântula. A patogenicidade dos fungos oriundos das sementes de Andropogon foi avaliada por meio da inoculação na própria planta e também foi avaliada a capacidade destes fungos em infectar outras plantas de interesse econômico. No capítulo 2, a identificação morfológica foi realizada a partir de observações macro e micromorfológicas utilizando-se como base as características descritas na literatura quanto ao aspecto da colônia e conídios de Curvularia sp. A caracterização molecular foi realizada a partir da extração do DNA, amplificação e sequenciamento da região do gene Clg2p. A transmissão foi avaliada a partir da semeadura de sementes sem tratamento com fungicidas, onde ao final de 40 dias observou-se sintomas típicos de mancha foliar de Curvularia. A patogenicidade foi avaliada a partir da inoculação de suspensão de conídios de Curvularia sp. nas folhas de plantas sadias, observando ao final de 10 dias, se houve sintomas do patógeno. Foram identificados e quantificados nas sementes de Andropogon L. fungos dos gêneros Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Phoma sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp. e Rhizopus sp. A realização da desinfestação das sementes reduziu os fungos presentes nas sementes. O fungo Curvularia sp. foi transmitido das sementes para as plantas de Andropogon. As sementes de Andropogon L. transportaram e disseminaram fungos que uma vez inoculados causaram infecção na própria planta e em outras culturas de importância econômica, tais como: arroz, feijão-caupi, melancia, melão, milho, sorgo e aos capins marandu, mombaça, piatã e quicuia. Baseado em marcadores morfológicos e moleculares, o fungo identificado com elevada incidência associado às sementes de Andropogon coletadas em diferentes regiões produtoras agrícolas, trata-se de Curvularia lunata. C. lunata é transmitido para as plantas de Andropogon via semente, sendo patogênico a esta espécie de gramínea forrageira, causando manchas necróticas foliares. / Andropogon L. is a forage grass, widely distributed in Cerrado areas and with prolonged drought periods. It presents dense characteristics with large clumps and with plumose inflorescence, with high capacity in the seeds dissemination. In turn, seeds are considered the main sources of shelter and transport of pathogens to disease-free areas. In Tocantins, there are no studies records relate the fungi incidence in Andropogon grass seeds as diseases cause in agricultural importance crops. Likewise, there is no research about the transport, transmissibility and pathogenicity of fungi associated with their seeds. The work aim was evaluate the sanitary quality of Andropogon grass seeds, the fungi transmission by seed-seedlings and the fungis pathogenicity to other species plants of agricultural importance, and also perform the Curvularia sp. morphological and molecular characterization, isolated from Andropogon grass seeds. The experiments were conducted at the Phytopathology Research Laboratory, Biologic Control of Disease Laboratory and green house of Tocantins Federal University. In chapter 1, the blotter test method was used to evaluate seed health with and without disinfestation. The fungi incidence was evaluated from seeds individual analysis using stereoscopic and optical microscope. The seeds germination was evaluated after 10 days after test installation, together with the fungi identification associated with non-germinated seeds. For the detected fungus in the sanitary analysis was evaluated the transmission capacity of seed-seedling. The fungi pathogenicity from the Andropogon seeds grass was evaluated by inoculation in the plant itself and was also evaluated the ability of these fungi to infect other plants of economic interest. In chapter 2, the morphological identification was performed from macro and micromorphological observations using as basis the characteristics described in literature regarding the aspect of the colony and conidia of Curvularia sp. Molecular characterization was performed from DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing gene Clg2p region. Transmission was evaluated from seed sowing whitout treatment with fungicides, where at the end of 40 days typical leaf spot symptoms of Curvularia. The pathogenicity was evaluated from the inoculation of conidia suspension on leaves of healthy plants, observing at the end 10 days, if there were symptoms of the pathogen. Were identified and quantified in the seeds of Andropogon L. fungi of the genera Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Phoma sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. The seed disinfestation reduced the fungi present in the seeds. The fungus Curvularia sp. it was transmitted seed to Andropogon plant. Andropogon L. seeds carried and spread fungi the once inoculated caused infection in the plant itself and other economically important crops, such as rice, cowpea, watermelon, melon, corn, sorghum and grasses marandu, mombaça, piatã and quicuia. Based on morphological and molecular markers, the fungus identified with high incidence associated with Andropogon seeds collected in different agricultural producing regions, is Curvularia lunata. C. lunata is transmitted to plants of Andropogon by seed, being pathogenic to this species of forage grass, causing foliar necrotic spots.

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