[pt] Nos últimos anos, os temas ligados ao transporte, mobilidade urbana entraram, de forma mais significativa, na pauta de discussões das ciências sociais, ganhando destaque nos debates de âmbito político, econômico e social. As grandes cidades brasileiras são profundamente marcadas pelas condições inadequadas de deslocamento de pessoas e mercadorias. Além das más condições de transporte coletivo, já amplamente documentadas, agravaram-se recentemente as restrições às acessibilidades e sustentabilidades nas grandes metrópoles do país, gerando impactos sobre a qualidade de vida das pessoas e sobre as atividades sociais e econômicas. Em linhas gerais, o problema central dessa pesquisa reside na baixa qualidade da gestão do transporte aquaviário de passageiros na Baía de Guanabara, caracterizada atualmente pelos constantes atrasos nos horários das embarcações, pelas altas tarifas, pela superlotação no interior das barcas e pelo número reduzido de linhas regulares e terminais e pela limitação de suas conexões intermodais. A hipótese norteadora desse trabalho argumenta que o fator decisivo para a baixa qualidade desse modelo de transporte possui origem política e econômica e é o monopólio historicamente presente no setor. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral desse trabalho consiste em analisar a natureza da gestão do transporte aquaviário de passageiros no Rio de Janeiro, avaliando a influência do monopólio sobre a qualidade do serviço e seus reflexos territoriais, como a emergência do transporte aquaviário clandestino na margem leste da baía de Guanabara. / [en] In recent years, issues related to transportation and urban mobility entered, more significantly, on the social sciences discussions, gaining prominence in political, economic and social context s discussions. Brazilians big cities are deeply marked by inadequate conditions of people and goods displacement s. In addition to the poor condition of public transportation, already widely documented, recently restrictions on access and sustainabilities in the large cities of the country worsened, generating impacts on the quality of life and on the social and economic activities. Generally speaking, the main problem of this research lies on the poor quality of the management of passengers waterway transportation in Guanabara Bay , currently characterized by constant vessels delays, high tariffs , overcrowd inside the barges and the few regular and terminals lines and the limitation of their intermodal connections. The guiding hypothesis of this paper argues that the decisive point of low quality of this kind transportation has a political and economic backgrounds and is historically a monopoly in this aera. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to analyze the nature of the management of waterway transportation of passengers in Rio de Janeiro , assessing the monopoly influence on quality service and their territorial reflexes such as the emergence of an underground waterway transportation on the east bank Guanabara Bay

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This thesis presents the Chinese and European competition laws on abuse of dominant position. The thesis starts with an introduction, and goes on to present the purpose of the study, which is to determine the similarities and differences between the Chinese and European prohibitions on ADP.       After the introductory part, consisting of background, method, material and previos research, the respective prohibitions are described in different aspects. The aspects are namely system, purpose, scope of application, what constitutes dominance and what constitutes abuse. Thereafter, the two prohibitions are compared. In the comparison, similarities are presented such as similar purposes, similar scope of application, very similar in what constitutes a dominant position and abuse. The systematics however differ more, and so do the rules on extraterritorial application.      In the concluding remarks, the results of the thesis are highlighted and the author shortly analyses the results..

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-07-20T15:12:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Mércia Cristina Gomes de Araújo.pdf: 42778900 bytes, checksum: 764a758752feb6241606714855583cc6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T15:12:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Mércia Cristina Gomes de Araújo.pdf: 42778900 bytes, checksum: 764a758752feb6241606714855583cc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-22 / CAPES / In the last decades, China has simultaneously aligned its interests in domestic and international environments. At the outset, the dissertation discusses an object inserted in the great area of International Political Economy (IPE). It is intended to answer the following question: what is China's interest in gaining control over the Rare Earth Elements (RAE) productive chain? The hypothesis supported in the dissertation is that the monopoly of the productive chain of strategic natural resources of RAE influences Chinese economic power. It should be noted that such inputs are not land and are not rare. They are a set of 17 chemical elements which include scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y) and 15 elements of the lanthanide series - from lanthanum (La) to lutetium (Lu). Very similar to each other in terms of malleability and resistance, RAE are an important input in the global commercial production chain, with a predominance of missile control, defense and communication systems. Currently, China is in a privileged position in the sector, being the largest exporter of these elements. In advance, it should be pointed out that the definition of power used in this dissertation will be largely conditioned to the State's control over strategic natural resources, specifically on the RAE. The methodology used will be a case study, qualitative and inductive, working with the variables: monopoly power (by the domination of supply and demand), production power, industrial policy and commercial policy. / Nas últimas décadas, a China tem alinhado, simultaneamente, seus interesses nos ambientes doméstico e internacional. À partida, a dissertação discute acerca de um objeto inserido na grande área da Economia Política Internacional (EPI). Busca-se responder a seguinte questão: qual o interesse da China em obter o controle sobre a cadeia produtiva dos Elementos de Terras Raras (ETR)? A hipótese testada na dissertação é a de que o monopólio da cadeia produtiva dos recursos naturais estratégicos de ETR influencia o poder econômico chinês. Ressalta-se que tais insumos não são terras e tampouco raras. Constituem um conjunto de 17 elementos químicos nos quais estão incluídos o escândio (Sc), o ítrio (Y) e os 15 elementos da série dos lantanídeos - do lantânio (La) ao lutécio (Lu). Muito similares entre si em termos de maleabilidade e resistência, os ETR caracterizam um importante insumo da cadeia produtiva comercial global, destacando-se, majoritariamente, nos sistemas de controle de mísseis, de defesa e de comunicação. Atualmente, a China encontra-se em uma posição privilegiada no setor, sendo o maior exportador destes elementos. De antemão, salienta-se que a definição de poder utilizada nessa dissertação será, majoritariamente, condicionada ao controle do Estado sobre recursos naturais estratégicos, especificamente sobre os ETR. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho será um estudo de caso, qualitativo e de caráter indutivo, trabalhando com as variáveis: poder de monopólio (pela dominação de oferta e demanda), poder de produção, política industrial e política comercial.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a regra-matriz constitucional do ICMS mercantil e dos princípios que regem esse imposto, a fim de verificar se os Estados e o Distrito Federal detêm competência para a instituição do ICMS na extração do petróleo, a exemplo do que fez o Estado do Rio de Janeiro por meio da Lei nº 4.117/03, conhecida como Lei Noel. Para tal desiderato, será investigado, inicialmente, o tratamento constitucional atribuído ao petróleo, e serão abordadas questões atinentes às atividades econômicas do monopólio da União sobre esse bem público, prescritas no artigo 177 da Carta Maior, e a sua flexibilização com o advento da Emenda Constitucional nº 9/95. Com supedâneo nas conclusões obtidas a partir da regra-matriz de incidência do ICMS mercantil e dos enunciados constitucionais relativos ao petróleo, serão analisados os os critérios componentes da regra-matriz de incidência construída a partir dos enunciados veiculados pela Lei nº 4.117/03 para que seja possível, dessa forma, verificar se o legislador ordinário estadual observou os limites para o exercício da competência ao instituir o ICMS na extração do petróleo. / The purpose of this study is to analyze the ICMS constitutional matriz-rule of tax incidence and principles that govern such tax, in order to verify the capability of States to create this tax on oil extraction, as it did Rio de Janeiro through Law No. 4.117/03, known as Lei Noel. This study will initially analyze constitutional rules regarding oil as well as aspects related to the economic activities of monopoly, prescribed in Article 177 of Federal Constitution and its flexibility with the advent of Constitutional Amendment No. 9, occurred in 1995. Based on the conclusions obtained from the analysis of ICMS matriz-rule of tax incidence and constitutional rules concerning oil, we will investigate Law No. 4.117/03 in order to check if the Rio de Janeiro State respected the limits imposed by Federal Constitution to create ICMS on oil extraction.

Submitted by Felipe Shalders (fshalders@fgvmail.br) on 2012-06-27T14:49:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese.pdf: 364887 bytes, checksum: 1cfa0c6bf34299e43d33fa91d263b739 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-08-16T13:50:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese.pdf: 364887 bytes, checksum: 1cfa0c6bf34299e43d33fa91d263b739 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-16T13:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese.pdf: 364887 bytes, checksum: 1cfa0c6bf34299e43d33fa91d263b739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-16 / In oligopoly theories based on Nash Equilibrium and related concepts, free entry is associated with the coexistence of more than one rm. On the other hand, in the monopoly literature some reasons are identi ed as possible explanations to the permanence of a single pro table rm in the market, but usually do not rely on Nash Equilibrium concept. Here, we provide examples in a game-theoretical approach where randomization between monopoly prices is a new possible explanation for a pro table monopoly with free entry. We construct models where, due to the multidimensionality of goods and heterogeneity of consumers, more than one monopoly price arise, allowing randomization in equilibrium. / Em teorias de oligop olio baseadas em Equil brios de Nash e conceitos derivados, livre entrada e associada a coexist^encia de uma ou mais rmas. Por outro lado, teorias de monop olio que tentam explicar a aus^encia de concorrentes em ambientes com livre entrada n~ao se baseiam em equil brios de Teoria dos Jogos. Neste trabalho, usando um arcabou co de Teoria dos Jogos, apresento exemplos em que randomiza c~ao entre pre cos de monop olio e uma nova poss vel explica c~ao para a exist^encia de um monopolista com lucros positivos quando h a livre entrada. S~ao constru dos modelos onde, devido a multidimensionalidade dos bens e heterogeneidade dos consumidores, existe mais de um pre co de monop olio, possibilitando randomiza c~ao em equil brio.

Submitted by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2013-08-08T14:52:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nickolas Marcon - A Conduta Ética na Defesa da Concorrência .pdf: 189211 bytes, checksum: 45d64c4c0355517417ae8454816a1d30 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2013-08-08T14:52:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Nickolas Marcon - A Conduta Ética na Defesa da Concorrência .pdf: 189211 bytes, checksum: 45d64c4c0355517417ae8454816a1d30 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2013-08-08T14:52:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Nickolas Marcon - A Conduta Ética na Defesa da Concorrência .pdf: 189211 bytes, checksum: 45d64c4c0355517417ae8454816a1d30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-08T14:53:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nickolas Marcon - A Conduta Ética na Defesa da Concorrência .pdf: 189211 bytes, checksum: 45d64c4c0355517417ae8454816a1d30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07 / O presente estudo analisa a absorção dos conceitos de defesa da concorrência na ética pessoal de executivos das áreas comerciais de uma grande empresa monopolista. A estratégia que visa à defesa da concorrência é revista para o caso de uma empresa dominante de mercado, cujos planos de marketing devem prever as limitações impostas pela lei, adotando ações para diminuir o risco de infrações. O pressuposto básico da pesquisa é o de que o comprometimento com as práticas de conduta para defesa da concorrência deve estar disseminado entre os valores éticos dos funcionários e, sobretudo, dos gestores, minimizando o risco de problemas criados por decisões tomadas sob pressão, sem tempo hábil para consultas às áreas jurídicas. As conseqüências de atitudes equivocadas dos executivos que atuam diretamente nas áreas de comercialização motivaram a realização de uma pesquisa para estudar a disseminação desses valores morais entre a força de trabalho de uma empresa monopolista. Os conflitos morais esperados entre a busca pela rentabilidade e aumento da participação no mercado versus as atitudes contenciosas de práticas comerciais agressivas foram examinados sob a ótica da sua inspiração filosófica. As convicções éticas entre os gestores de áreas cujas atuações são potencialmente sensíveis às sanções previstas nas normas de conduta antitruste vigentes no país foram pesquisadas através de entrevistas qualitativas semi-estruturadas. O resultado final comprova que os conceitos de defesa da concorrência estão bem sedimentados na ética pessoal dos gestores da empresa pesquisada, minimizando o risco de ações que gerem infrações à legislação do tema. Como resultados secundários da pesquisa, foram obtidos dados que poderão auxiliar em outras análises complementares ligando a presença de valores éticos de boa conduta concorrencial ao cargo exercido na empresa, tempo de experiência e ganhos monetários percebidos. Outra sugestão para estudos futuros seria a extensão da pesquisa para análise da eficiência de programas semelhantes em outras empresas. / The present study analyzes the absorption of the concepts of free market defense in the executive’s moral values of the commercial areas of a great monopolist company. The strategic view to the free market defense is reviewed for the case of a dominant market company, whose marketing plans must foresee the limitations imposed by the antitrust law, having adopted action to lower law infractions risk. The basic assumption of the study was that the compromise with the behavior for free market defense must be spread in the ethical values of the employees and, over all, the managers, minimizing the risk of problems created by decisions taken under pressure, without skillful time for consultations to the legal areas. The consequences of wrong attitudes of the managers who directly act in the commercial areas motivated the accomplishment of a research to study the dissemination of these moral values in the employees of a monopolist company. The moral conflicts expected between the search for the economic results and, on the other side, the commercial usage of litigious attitudes were examined under the optics of its philosophical inspiration. The ethical values of the managers of areas whose performances are potentially sensible to the sanctions foreseen in the effective antitrust behavior in the country were searched by means of half-structuralized qualitative interviews. The final result shows that the competition protection concepts are solid into the staff of managers ethics of the company investigated, minimizing the risk of actions that could generate law violations. Secondary results were data that can help in another complementary research linking the presence of free market defense ethical values with the organization position, professional experience and monetary earnings. Another suggestion for future studies would be the extension of the research to analyze the efficiency of similar programs in other companies.

Professional sporting events draw staggering crowds to stadia on a yearly basis. This combined, with the prosocial psychological effects of attending professional games and the cultural meaning of stadia to a community, provide excellent opportunities for municipalities to use their stadia in a movement towards global socio-ecological sustainability. While these opportunities are available, the industry is not well established to realize their potential. Our research, through application of the framework for strategic sustainable development (FSSD), offers measures to facilitate such a move. In application of the framework, however, a key threat of professional team monopoly power was identified, putting into question the perpetuation of public ownership over facilities with professional teams as tenants. If a solution is to be reached within this model, a multi-stakeholder approach is endorsed, where reduction of team monopoly power is conceded for the long-term benefits to municipalities. / <p>Cristhian G. +46 733 -572918</p>

1 Summary Key words: Natural monopoly, network industry, energy industry, regulation, liberalization, unbundling, third party access The present thesis sets out to explore the legal aspects of network industries and natural monopolies. It researches these aspects using the example of the energy sector (i.e. the power and gas industries), which is a typical example of a network industry. In terms of its geographical scope, the thesis focuses on the EU energy law and its specific application in the Czech Republic. The fundamental point of departure for the present thesis is a believe that energy law is closely intertwined with economic policy, and is appropriately interpreted only in the context of the concrete measures, tools, and concepts meant to reflect a nation's energy policy. The main driver of energy policy, and hence also of energy law, is a reform of the energy industry aiming at its liberalization. The key tools for its successful implementation are economic regulation, third party access, unbundling, and public administration by independent regulatory bodies. Firstly, the present thesis discusses the economic characteristics of network industries, that is most importantly the existence of a natural monopoly. The second part of the thesis outlines the background of liberalization and the related...

En 1957, l’État est l’organisateur du service public postal en France à travers son administration centrale. Cette même année est signé un traité à Rome entre six États européens autour de l’idée de marché commun avec délégation de souveraineté.Le service public postal et l’Europe du traité de Rome vont, tout d’abord, évoluer parallèlement. Mais, au début des années 1980, le contexte politique, économique et technologique change et l’Europe se saisit de la question postale ; d’une phase d’ignorance, on entre alors dans une phase de confrontation : l’Europe soumet le service postal au droit commun de la concurrence et remet en cause le monopole, organisation traditionnelle du service postal. Par ailleurs, le service public postal organique est transformé : La Poste, exploitant public doté de la personnalité juridique est née. Progressivement, la logique de confrontation laisse place à une phase de concertation entre l’Europe du traité de Rome et les États membres qui donne naissance à plusieurs directives. Ces dernières placent en leur cœur le service universel postal. En 2012, la libéralisation du service postal devient totale : il n’existe plus de monopole légal.Cette ouverture du marché est concomitante avec la révolution numérique. Ainsi, dans ce contexte de bouleversements idéologiques, technologiques et économiques, le service public postal connaît des évolutions significatives tant dans sa forme – La Poste devient une société anonyme – que dans sa mission : pour répondre aux nouveaux besoins d’intérêt général, raison d’être du service public, le service public postal est reconfiguré. / In 1957, the State is the organiser of the public postal service in France through its central administration. That same year, a treaty was signed in Rome between six European States around the idea of a common market with a delegation of sovereignty. At first, the public postal service and the Europe of the Treaty of Rome develop separately. But in the early 1980s, the political, economic and technological context evolves and Europe decides to take an active interest in the matter of the postal service. After a phase of disinterest in postal matters, we enter in a phase of confrontation; Europe submits the postal service to the competition law: monopoly, the traditional organisation of the postal service, is challenged. Moreover, the French public postal service is transformed: La Poste, independent public operator is born. Following the period of confrontation, a period of dialogue follows, bringing together the Europe of the Treaty of Rome and the States members to write the postal law. Several guidelines are adopted, focused in particular on the universal postal service. By 2012, the process of liberalisation of the postal service is complete: there is no legal monopoly in Europe. This new openness is concomitant with the digital era. The postal service must now continue to adapt to this new ideological, technological and economical context: in its form – La Poste becomes a public limited company – as well as in its mission to serve the public interest, the raison d’être of the public service, so the public postal service is reconfigured.