Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Molan Gaban.pdf: 2714425 bytes, checksum: 569822a6120b1eec4b12985febcbe9ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-02 / The paper refers to the elaboration of a hermeneutic line of investigation for the postal monopolies, aiming to demonstrate its incompatibility with the 1988 Federal Constitution, through a multidisciplinary approach grounded in the disciplines of constitutional and antitrust law. Through an optical analysis of the possible effects to society, the question of whether Brazil should maintain its legal monopoly within the postal services was discussed; more specifically, would the 1988 Constitution have approved the infraconsitutional legislation (which constitutes the legal basis for the postal monopoly in Brazil) recognizing their compatibility/harmonization with the constitutional principles of free economic enterprise and free competition, which structure the current economic order. A comparative study was developed on the US and EU experiences, which contributed to better evaluate the arguments and the grounds underlying the Brazilian postal monopoly. Therefore, good propositions emerged to improve the Brazilian model for the postal services. It was concluded that the monopoly model, used by State owned companies, is not the ideal model for the postal services. In Brazil s specific case, it is not compatible with the 1988 Federal Constitution. It would, therefore, not be possible to harmonize the previous legislation, which instituted the legal monopoly (Legal Decree n. 509/1969 and Law n. 6538/1978) / O presente trabalho refere-se à elaboração de proposta de linha hermenêutica para o monopólio postal com a finalidade de demonstrar sua incompatibilidade com a Constituição Federal de 1988, por intermédio de abordagem multidisciplinar embasada nas disciplinas do direito constitucional e do direito antitruste. Buscou-se analisar pela ótica dos efeitos à sociedade, se, de modo geral, deveria o Brasil manter o modelo de monopólio legal operado por empresa estatal (ECT) para os serviços postais. De modo particular, foi analizado se teria a Constituição de 1988 recepcionado a legislação infraconstitucional anterior (que constitui base jurídica para o monopólio postal no Brasil), reconhecendo sua compatibilidade/harmonização com os princípios constitucionais da livre iniciativa e livre concorrência que estruturam a ordem econômica vigente. Foi realizado um estudo comparado das experiências norte-americana e européia, a partir do que foi possível melhor avaliar os fundamentos econômicos e jurídicos subjacentes ao caso do monopólio postal brasileiro. A partir desse estudo, foi possível elaborar propostas positivas para aprimorar o modelo brasileiro de serviços postais. Em síntese, concluiu-se que o modelo de monopólio legal exercido por empresa estatal não é o mais indicado para os serviços postais, sendo que, no caso do Brasil, não seria compatível com a Constituição Federal de 1988, razão pela qual, não seria possível harmonizar a legislação anterior, que instituíra o monopólio legal, com a Constituição de 1988

A presente pesquisa analisou as feiras agroecológicas realizadas por camponeses no estado da Paraíba, experiência que se constituiu na comercialização direta de alimentos produzidos em assentamentos rurais e pequenas propriedades. Essa iniciativa foi resultado de soluções para problemas provocados pelo uso de agrotóxicos, a venda da produção para atravessadores e a busca pela constituição da vida na terra conquistada. Os camponeses que encabeçaram essa experiência traziam uma vivência de enfrentamento contra os latifúndios improdutivos e oligarquias rurais. Foi na longa trajetória percorrida na luta pela terra que se formaram as bases políticas e sociais no sentido que pretendiam dotar a vida na terra conquistada. Dessa forma, a não utilização de agrotóxicos e de fertilizantes químicos, bem como a recusa em plantar as sementes transgênicas fizeram parte de uma prática agrícola contra-hegemônica, que buscou diminuir a dependência das famílias camponesas dos oligopólios mundiais. Diante disso, objetivamos compreender o protagonismo camponês na luta por condições mais justas no campo, diante da concentrada estrutura fundiária brasileira e dos privilégios governamentais concedidos ao agronegócio. Nesse contexto, identificamos que até concretizarem a realização da primeira feira agroecológica, as famílias camponesas enfrentaram uma série de dificuldades, desde a falta de apoio governamental até a proibição de instalação de feiras em algumas cidades. Mesmo diante das adversidades, constatamos uma série de resultados positivos, como melhoria da saúde das famílias, oferta de alimentos saudáveis para a cidade, melhoria do solo agrícola e aumento da renda familiar. Todavia, apesar das conquistas, o número de integrantes que praticam uma agricultura contra-hegemônica ainda é pequeno diante da agricultura convencional. Dessa forma, a partir dos estudos da geografia agrária, buscamos analisar os processos de monopolização do território e territorialização do monopólio na agricultura, para compreender os processos de criação e recriação do campesinato. Portanto, com base nesses processos, levantamos a tese da possibilidade de superação da condição de subordinação camponesa a partir da realização de projetos como o das feiras agroecológicas, enquanto concepção mais ampla de vida e de transformações sociais, interligadas às discussões da construção da soberania alimentar. / This research analysed the agroecological fairs held by peasants in the state of Paraíba, as an experience that was constituted in the direct commercialization of food produced in rural settlements and small properties, an initiative that was the result of solutions to issues such as the problems caused using agrochemicals, the sale of production for middlemen and the constitution of life in the conquered land. The peasants who led this experience brought an experience of confrontation against the unproductive latifundios and rural oligarchies. It was throughout the long trajectory crossed in the struggle for land that the political and social foundations were formed in the sense that they intended to endow their life in the conquered land. Thus, the non-use of agrochemicals and chemical fertilizers, as well as the refusal to plant transgenic seeds, were part of an anti-hegemonic agricultural practice that sought to reduce the dependence of peasant families on global oligopolies. Based on this, we aim to understand the peasant protagonism in the fight for fairer conditions in rural, facing the concentrated Brazilian land structure and the governmental privileges granted to agribusiness. In this context, we identified that until the first agroecological fair was held, the peasant families faced a series of difficulties, from the lack of government support to the prohibition of the installation of fairs in some cities. Even in the face of adversity, we have seen many positive results, such as improving the health of families, providing healthy food for the city, improving agricultural land and increasing family income. However, despite the achievements, the number of members who practice an anti-hegemonic agriculture is still small compared to conventional agriculture. Thus, from the studies of agrarian geography, we seek to analyse the processes of monopolization of the territory and territorialization of the monopoly in agriculture, in order to understand the processes of creation and recreation of the peasantry. Therefore, based on these processes, we raised the thesis of the possibility of overcoming the condition of peasant subordination from the realization of projects such as agroecological fairs, as a broader conception of life and social transformations, linked to the discussions of the construction of food sovereignty.

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo abrir uma discussão sobre o papel do esporte contemporâneo junto ao processo de alienação humana em tempos de domínio do capitalismo monopolista e do fortalecimento da ideologia dominante. Para tal, no primeiro capítulo, analisou-se as principais transformações vividas historicamente pelo capitalismo com a intenção de identificar o impacto do capitalismo monopolista sobre o novo ordenamento da humanidade. No segundo capítulo, demonstrou-se como o esporte contemporâneo constituiu-se como uma instituição burguesa, socialmente determinada e integrada ao conjunto de normas, ideias e estratégias inerentes ao modo de produção capitalista, participando do processo de mascaramento da questão social. Destaca-se neste capítulo o uso de fontes documentais que demonstraram como o esporte contemporâneo tem ocupado lugar estratégico tanto junto à produção da ideologia dominante, quanto junto ao controle da queda da taxa de lucro. Identificou-se que sob tais condições o esporte contemporâneo compõe os processos compensatórios frente à queda tendencial da taxa de lucro e, ao mesmo tempo, integra-se ao processo de alienação humana, tendo por maior expressão a sua materialização sob a forma dos megaeventos esportivos. Neste ponto, a pesquisa concentra-se na análise dos megaeventos esportivos no Brasil e na criação das políticas do esporte, desde o primeiro governo Lula da Silva até os dias atuais. Identificou-se que os projetos de desenvolvimento do esporte no país, no período em tela, têm participado do processo de gerenciamento da crise do capital e do refluxo das lutas dos trabalhadores. O último capítulo abordou as particularidades que envolvem a ideologia pós-moderna, tendo por objetivo identificar as relações desta com fenômeno esportivo. Constatou-se que, em tempos de domínio do capitalismo monopolista e de suas políticas neoliberais, as contradições que aguçam o processo de alienação sob o qual encontra-se a classe trabalhadora de todo o mundo, coloca a humanidade em um novo patamar de alienação, ainda mais brutal e desumanizador. Nesta conjuntura, o esporte contemporâneo destaca-se por ser funcional tanto ao mercado globalizado, quanto ao projeto imperialista, impondo-se como instrumento da contenção de conflitos em nome da tolerância e da paz no mundo. A presente pesquisa pôde concluir que as condições impostas pela fase monopolista do capitalismo ocultam a natureza dialética do esporte transforma-o num instrumento eficiente ao projeto dominante de incremento da alienação humana. O esporte, sob a forma assumida na contemporaneidade, não contribui para o avanço da consciência da classe trabalhadora, pois vem colaborando para adiamento do projeto de emancipação da humanidade. Projeto este que só será produzido pela organização consciente da classe trabalhadora em busca da superação do modo de produção capitalista. / This study aimed to open a discussion about the role of contemporary sports with the process of alienation in a time domain of monopoly capitalism and the strengthening of the dominant ideology. To this end, the first chapter, we analyzed the major transformations experienced by capitalism historically intended to identify the impact of monopoly capitalism on the new order of humanity. In the second chapter, it was demonstrated how the sport from its origins to today, has been integrated into the capitalist mode of production, participating in the masking process of "social issue". This chapter highlights the use of documentary sources that demonstrated how the contemporary sports has occupied a strategic place along both the production of the dominant ideology, as with the control of the falling rate of profit. It was identified that under such conditions the contemporary sports make up the front of the compensatory processes falling tendency of the rate of profit and at the same time, integrates the process of alienation, with the highest expression and its materialization in the form of sports mega-events . At this point, the research focuses on the analysis of sports mega-events in Brazil and the creation of policies of the sport since the first Lula da Silva to the present day. It was identified that the development projects of the sport in the country during the period under consideration here, have participated in the process of managing the crisis of capital and the reflux of workers' struggles. The last chapter dealt with the particular involving the post-modern ideology with the purpose to identify the relations with this sport phenomenon. It was found that, once the domain of monopoly capitalism and its neoliberal policies, the contradictions sharpen the divestiture process under which is the working class around the world, puts humanity into a new level of alienation, even more brutal and dehumanizing. At this juncture, the contemporary sports stands out for being both functional in the globalized market, as the imperialist project and is viewed as an instrument of containment of conflicts in the name of tolerance and peace in the world.This research could conclude that the conditions imposed by the monopoly stage of capitalism conceal the dialectic nature of sport makes it an efficient tool to increase the dominant design of human alienation. The sport, in the form assumed in contemporary, does not contribute to the advancement of working-class consciousness, as has been helping to postpone the project for the emancipation of humanity. This project will only be produced by the organization aware of the working class in pursuit of overcoming the capitalist mode of production.

Este trabalho busca identificar os entraves e perplexidades jurídicas no setor postal apontará as consequências da falta de clareza legislativa, doutrinária, jurisprudencial e regulatória no setor, aprofundando-se na análise de jurisprudência, especialmente do Supremo Tribunal Federal chamando atenção para a possibilidade de serem adotadas novas soluções para resolvê-los. O trabalho estrutura-se a partir de dois eixos intimamente relacionados: a) saber o que é serviço postal, qual é sua relevância na atual conjuntura das comunicações e qual é a realidade de prestação dos serviços nesse setor, objeto dos Capítulos 1 e 2, e b) desenvolver uma discussão crítica sobre serviço (público ou não) postal e monopólio postal, objeto do Capítulo 3 e núcleo central do trabalho. Ainda que o foco desta análise não seja a discussão mais ampla sobre a importância do planejamento e dos arranjos jurídico-institucionais do setor, procurar-se-á chamar atenção para esses aspectos no âmbito do setor postal. A conclusão final da pesquisa, que confirma a hipótese central do trabalho, é a de que o regime jurídico do setor postal se constrói predominantemente a partir da atuação da ECT. O regime jurídico do setor tem sido delimitado a partir das políticas públicas voltadas à ECT, dos serviços postais por ela prestados e das decisões judiciais em que a estatal é autora ou ré, o que lhe confere um regime jurídico privilegiado e protetivo. A análise de todo esse arcabouço jurídico revela que, em grande medida, objetiva-se preservar a empresa pública ECT, em detrimento da avaliação do quadro maior do setor postal brasileiro. Esse entrave do setor leva à reflexão sobre a possibilidade de serem adotadas novas soluções para resolver os problemas setoriais, que podem abarcar desde soluções interpretativas a uma revisão do quadro normativo atualmente aplicável ao setor. / This dissertation aims to identify the legal obstacles and perplexities in the postal sector will point the consequences of the lack of clarity of the legislative, doctrinal, case law and regulatory treatment of the sector, deepening the analysis of case law, especially of the Supreme Court calling attention to the possibility of adopting new solutions to solve them. The work is structured from two closely interconnected axes: a) one, to know what is the postal service, what is its relevance in the current communications, and the reality of service provision, the subject of Chapters 1 and 2; b) two, to develop a critical discussion about postal service (public or not) and post monopoly, the subject of Chapter 3 and the central core of the work. Although the focus of this analysis does not correspond to the wider discussion about the importance of planning and of legal and institutional arrangements in the sector, this dissertation will seek to draw attention to these aspects within the postal sector. The final conclusion of the study, which confirms the central hypothesis of the work, is that the legal system of the postal sector is built predominantly from the action of ECT. The legal system has been delimited from public policies to ECT, from the postal services it provides and from judicial decisions in which the public company is either plaintiff or defendant, and which gives to ECT a privileged and protective legal system. The analysis of all this legal framework reveals that, to a great extent, the objective is to preserve the public company ECT, rather than the evaluation of the bigger picture of the postal sector in Brazil. This obstacle of the sector leads to a reflection on the possibility of adopting new solutions to solve the problems, which can range from interpretative solutions to a review of the regulatory framework currently applicable to the sector.

A presente tese trata de discussões que ocorreram no âmbito do Instituto de Pesquisa Social em seu exílio nos Estados Unidos na primeira metade da década de 1940. O trabalho segue a constituição da crítica do capitalismo monopolista de Horkheimer e Adorno a partir de um debate sobre o nacional-socialismo organizado pelo Instituto na Universidade de Columbia em 1941, do qual tomaram parte Friedrich Pollock, Franz Neumann, Otto Kirchheimer, Arcadius R. L. Gurland e Herbert Marcuse. Nesse percurso, a abordagem da sociedade monopolista do capitalismo tardio por Horkheimer e Adorno se alia a uma crítica do processo civilizatório. A confluência da crítica do presente histórico com a crítica da civilização vai encontrar seu ápice na Dialética do Esclarecimento, livro em coautoria concluído em 1944. Encarando o livro como uma resposta ao debate de Columbia, a tese reconstrói este último e, na sequência, procura estabelecer mediações entre ele e a produção de Horkheimer e Adorno até a Dialética do Esclarecimento, analisando as transformações que se operaram e as novas determinações que ganharam lugar na trajetória intelectual dos dois autores nesse período. / This dissertation deals with discussions that took place at the Institute of Social Research during its exile in the United States in the first half of the 1940\'s. By approaching a debate on National Socialism organized by the Institute at Columbia University in 1941 attended by Friedrich Pollock, Franz Neumann, Otto Kirchheimer, Arcadius R. L. Gurland and Herbert Marcuse , it tracks the formation of Horkheimer and Adornos critique of monopoly capitalism. As the dissertation shows, the approach of monopolistic society adopted by Horkheimer and Adorno fuses with a critique of the process of civilization. The conflation of the critique of historical present with the critique of civilization culminates in the Dialectic of Enlightenment, a jointly authored book that was concluded in 1944. By viewing this work as an answer to the Columbia debate, the dissertation reconstructs the debate and, furthermore, seeks to establish mediations between it and Horkheimer and Adornos theoretical output up to and including the Dialectic of Enlightenment. The dissertation analyzes the transformations that occurred as well as new determinations that emerged in the intellectual trajectory of the two authors during this period.

One of Sweden’s most well known monopolies is approaching its end, Apoteket AB. A re-regulation of a state owned monopoly is nothing new but it happens within an interesting trade. Since the government is in total control of the whole re-regulation process, we found it interesting to see how they managed to include the potential individuals who want to take over a pharmacy. After all, many are the times the government has emphasized the importance of small firms. Out of the approximately 900 pharmacies owned by Apoteket AB, 150 are going to be sold to individuals. This group is called “small enterprise cluster”, and this cluster became the focus of our thesis. We wanted to get an insight into this group, since it is more complex and diverse compared to the large corporations entering the market. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to measure the willingness to take over pharmacies among the employees of Apoteket AB, as well as to analyse how the government's support has affected the decisions of individuals. Method In order to get a good view of the re-regulation process we chose a qualitative approach, where we performed personal interviews with 6 respondents equally spread out on 3 pharmacies in a medium sized Swedish city and the surrounding area. The interviews where performed in a semi-structured manner. Besides the primary data, secondary data was collected. It builds the foundation for the theoretical framework and the analysis of the interviews. Since the theoretical framework was created before the research was performed, the study used a deductive research approach.

With the fast progress of the Internet the Swedish gambling monopoly is no longer able to control the market. Gambling companies licensed in foreign countries can compete with Svenska Spel via the Internet offering lower prices. The authors investigated whether the competition has lead Svenska Spel to lower their prices. Focus has been put on the years 2000-2006 and on Svenska Spel’s sports betting section Oddset since competition here is high. To help analysing Svenska Spel’s pricing behaviour the dynamic limit pricing model of optimal pricing when faced with entry was used. The effect on Svenska Spel´s advertising expenditures following the competition was also investigated. For this part A dynamic model of advertising and market shares was used. The analysis indicates that when the number of firms on the market increased, prices decreased and Svenska Spel’s advertising expenses increased.

Die Modelle der räumlichen Preistheorie sind über einen langen Zeitraum entwickelt worden und mit bekannten Namen wie Wilhelm Launhardt und August Lösch verbunden. Diese Ansätze versuchen der räumlichen Dimension des Preisbildungsprozesses auf Märkten in partialanalytischen Modellen Rechnung zu tragen. Im Buch werden Monopole, monopolistische Konkurrenz und internationaler Handel diskutiert. Dabei hat der Leser die Möglichkeit, sich über die Standardmodell hinaus mit komplexeren Strukturen vertraut zu machen. / For a long period the models of spatial pricing were developed and connected with the famous names of Wilhelm Launhardt und August Lösch. These approaches take the spatial dimension of pricing into account in partial analytical models. This publication discusses monopoly, monopolistic competition, and international trade. The reader will get a greater insight into the basic models and more complex structures.

The Swedish alcohol market has for many years been in the hands of the government. The question of the monopoly, its being or not being, has for a long time engaged both Swedish citizens and politicians. Since joining the European Union it has also been on the European agenda, trying to adapt Sweden to the more liberal alcohol politic in Europe. The suppliers find themselves acting on a completely different market than a market based on free competition. The suppliers are faced with one retail channel to the stores which creates dependence and uneven power balance towards the retailer. In addition to this, their marketing activities are strictly limited due to the laws and claims. Corporate Social Responsibility is required goals given from the retailer upon the suppliers. The retailer is also set with strict term and rules from the government and has to gain the Swedish citizens approval in order to maintain their position as the only distribution channel. The supplier, primarily acting on the purpose of selling products and increasing the profit, differ from the retailer who mainly aim to limit and regulate the sales of alcohol. In this difficult market a relationship between the supplier and the distributor is being built up and nourished. The relationship in the supply chain is based on four factors; trust, cooperation, commitment and conflict. These different factors are shaping and affecting the relationship between the supplier and the retailer. The diverse aims of these two organizations, together with the regulations of the market and the dependency between each other, have an effect and shape the relationship. The analyses argue that equal goals can lead to an increased commitment between the supplier and retailer. Further on the members of the supply chains appear to use problem solving to resolve a conflict to be able to maintain good cooperation and increase trust in the relationship. The conclusion is that the retailer possesses the power in the relationship towards the supplier. All the relationship factors are important in this relationship but trust is required in order to obtain cooperation and commitment. Trust is also vital when it comes to solving a conflict.

Our study shows if and how Swedish public service television has changed its content from the time when SVT had monopoly until this day when the competition is greater than ever. We got an insight in what has been presented to the audience by studying TV schedules from 1975 to 2009. The study examines four weeks during the years when the two main channels SVT1 and SVT2 have been broadcasting. One week each of these following years have been examined: 1975, 1985, 1995 and 2009. These years have been chosen to get an insight in what content the TV schedules presented before and after SVT got competition in the Swedish TV market. A total of 28 days and 56 TV schedules have been examined. This was done with a quantitative analysis and with an own model of ten categories that has helped us to sort the TV shows based on their content. Even though it was not a great difference, the result shows that the percentage of news has decreased since 1975. But it was not possible to see if the TV shows that replaced the news in the TV schedule was of an entertaining kind. The study also shows that a new kind of TV shows have taken a large spot in the schedules. Nowadays it is common that a TV show mix different kind of categories during its broadcasting time. One example is Gomorron Sverige. Furthermore we have seen that live debates take a large place in the TV schedules in 2009, especially during the day time. Besides that, the sizes of the categories have been pretty even during the 34 years. SVT has not made any significant changes since the monopoly was broken and the competition became a reality. We have also noticed that the broadcasting time has increased a lot since 1975. It is particularly obvious in the day time where there many years ago were no broadcasting at all. Our main purpose with the study was to examine if there is less news today in favour of TV shows of a more entertaining kind.