Given the paucity of research on factors associated with motivation in learning disabled college students, the present study investigated the motivation levels in college students with learning disabilities. The Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) has been validated cross-nationally and across all educational age groups of students having various academic majors; however, it has not been used with students who have a learning disability (LD). The purpose of this study, therefore, was to validate the AMS with students with LD and determine which of the 3-, 5-, or 7-factor model best fit the sample. In addition, this study sought to verify the predictors and related factors of motivation in these students. The variables that were examined were IQ, GPA, gender, type of disability, and academic skills as they relate to motivation. Lastly, the simplex structure, which endorsed motivation to be a continuum, was also statistically verified. Findings of this study concluded that the 7-factor model as proposed by Vallerand (i.e., Vallerand, Pelletier, Blais, Brière, Senécal, & Vallières, 1992) was best suited for this sample. IQ significantly negatively predicted and was significantly inversely related to extrinsic motivation (EM), especially perceptual reasoning skills. Basic academic skills were significantly inversely related to EM, as well as a significant positive predictor of amotivation. Math skills were inversely correlated with several EM factors. There was no significant effect for gender, but students with a disability in math were significantly higher on measures of intrinsic motivation than other disability types. Finally, the simplex structure was only partially supported, since the opposite ends of the motivation continuum did not display the highest negative correlation as expected (Vallerand et al., 1992). These findings were discussed in relation to the current literature on motivation in students followed by a discussion of the limitations of the study and future directions for research in this area.

Studies in Sweden have shown that about 80% of all youth in Sweden have participated in organized sport during their upbringing but at the age of 20 only 50% of these continue. There have been several attempts to understand why youth stop participating in sports but few aimed to understand why they continue. The objective of this study was to examine if there is a difference in motivation between youth (in the ages of 16-20 years) who participate in recreational and elite sports. The study was carried out as a quantitative survey where both recreational (n=35) and elite athletes (n=33) particpated. The study used a Sport Motivation Scale questionnaire translated into Swedish. The results showed three significant differences between the two grouops; amotivation, intrinsic motivation to learn and intrinsic motivation to experience. The study could conclude that intrinsic motivation and a feeling joy is the most important motivational factor for both groups to participate in sports.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-07-15T16:20:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Clarice Lucas da Silva Machado_.pdf: 2080708 bytes, checksum: 816dd61e9fa35916d650ec4535b87320 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T16:20:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Clarice Lucas da Silva Machado_.pdf: 2080708 bytes, checksum: 816dd61e9fa35916d650ec4535b87320 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-12 / Nenhuma / Este estudo trata de uma pesquisa de campo, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, que foi realizada com 262 trabalhadores de empresas de tecnologia do Sul do Brasil. Apresenta como principal objetivo analisar os fatores motivacionais no ambiente laboral destacados entre trabalhadores desse segmento. É aplicada a Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS), através de survey eletrônica, enviada aos participantes por meio da técnica de amostragem “bola de neve”. O estudo está complementado por 6 (seis) entrevistas semiestruturadas, segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Como resultado, observa-se que esses trabalhadores são primordialmente orientados pela Motivação Autônoma, seguidos pela Motivação Controlada. Salienta-se que o fator Desmotivação não foi evidenciado no conjunto de trabalhadores estudado. Sentimentos de ligação com seus valores pessoais, tais como os sentimentos de autonomia e de competência, bem como a motivação para o saber e o aprender se apresentaram como fortes características desses profissionais, nos quais valorizam as relações no trabalho em todos os níveis e são estimulados pela sensação de liberdade psicológica. Esses trabalhadores gostam de competir e resolver problemas complexos, motivam-se pelos sentimentos de autoestima e da autopercepção social e profissional, assim como do reconhecimento de suas competências. O estudo revela um perfil de profissional que precisa se sentir competente, que busca superar os outros e a si mesmo, ou melhor, ser reconhecido além das barreiras institucionais. Recomenda-se que a motivação seja trabalhada no âmbito organizacional, de liderança e no individual, de forma conjunta, abrangendo mais elementos que possam alavancar o bem-estar do trabalhador e, consequentemente, melhorar os resultados organizacionais. / This field study, which used a quantitative and qualitative approach, was carried out by 262 employees of technology companies in South Brazil. The main objective was to analyze motivational factors in the work environment of workers in this particular sector. Based on the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS), participants were sent electronic surveys using the “Snowball Sampling” technique. The study was conducted using six (6) semi-structured interviews by way of content analysis technique. As a result, it was observed that these workers are primarily guided by Autonomous Motivation, followed by Controlled Motivation. Please note that the study did not focus on demotivation factors of the workers. Connecting personal feelings with personal values, such as feelings of autonomy and competence, as well as the motivation to learn, is presented as strong features of these professionals, in which they value relationships at work at all levels and are encouraged by a sense of psychological freedom. They like to compete and solve complex problems, are motivated by feelings of high self-esteem, social and professional self-perception, as well as being recognized for their skills. The study reveals a profile that needs to feel competent, that seeks to overcome others and himself, or better yet, be recognized beyond institutional constraints. It is recommended that motivation be worked through an organizational context, both through leadership and the individual, jointly covering more elements that will leverage the worker’s well-being and consequently improve organizational results.

Denna studie har undersökt fysisk aktivitet och sambandet med motivation enligt Self-determination Theory (SDT). Fysisk aktivitet baserades på Socialstyrelsen och Gymnastik & Idrottshögskolans frågor om träning, vardagsmotion och stillasittande. Self-determination Theory som först utvecklades av Ryan och Deci (1985), definieras med motivationstyperna yttre, introjektiv, identifierad, inre och existentialistisk motivation i studien.  I den första studien svarade deltagarna på frågor om sin fysiska aktivitet under en vecka. Därefter följde frågan ”Varför studerar du?” och påståenden utifrån SDT motivationstyper. Studie II har exakt samma konstruktion förutom att den andra frågan var ”Varför arbetar du?”. Existentialistisk motivation är nyutvecklad och erhöll empiriskt underlag för att vara berättigad som motivationstyp inom SDT. Både studie I och studie II gav ett signifikant negativt samband mellan rörelse och yttre motivation. Ingen av studierna gav samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och motivation i studier och arbete. / This study examined physical activity and the relationship with motivation according to self-determination theory (SDT). Physical activity was based on Socialstyrelsen and Gymnastik & Idrottshögskolans questions about exercise, both everyday and sedentary. SDT, first developed by Ryan och Deci (1985), is defined by various types of motivation.These are external, introjected, identified, intrinsic and existential motivation. In the first study, the participants answered questions about their physical activity during a week. This was followed by the question "Why are you studying?" and a number of statements based on SDT motivation types. The second study had exactly the same construction other than the second question which was "Why do you work?". Existential motivation is a newly developed concept and has received empirical evidence, justifying its inclusion as a type of motivation within SDT. Both the first and second study show a significant negative correlation between movement and external motivation. None of the studies show a correlation between physical activity and motivation in studies and work.

<p>Ohälsan ökar i västvärlden som en följd av bland annat försämrade kostvanor och alltför lite fysisk aktivitet. För att öka aktivitetsgraden hos den vuxna befolkningen i Sverige erbjuds många via arbets¬givaren möjlighet till friskvård på betald arbetstid. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka olika aspekter av motivation och inställ¬ning till motion hos individer som nyttjar respektive inte utnyttjar friskvårdsförmånen. Data samlades in genom semistruktu¬rerade intervjuer med tio personer vilka sedan analyserades enligt teoristyrd tematisk analys. Deltagarna besvarade även ett standardiserat mät¬instrument (Sport Motivation Scale). Undersökningen utgick från Self-Determination Theory som bygger på tanken att beteenden som styrs av inre motivation har större chans att upprätthållas än de som styrs av yttre motivation. Resultatet visade att de som nyttjar frisk¬vårdstimmen i större utsträckning drivs av inre motivation än de som inte nyttjar denna. För att fler anställda skall utnyttja frisk¬vårdsförmånen bör arbetsgivaren satsa på personlig rådgivning samt skapa en organisa¬tions¬kultur där motion är ett naturligt inslag och där den inre motiva¬tionen uppmuntras.</p>

Ohälsan ökar i västvärlden som en följd av bland annat försämrade kostvanor och alltför lite fysisk aktivitet. För att öka aktivitetsgraden hos den vuxna befolkningen i Sverige erbjuds många via arbets¬givaren möjlighet till friskvård på betald arbetstid. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka olika aspekter av motivation och inställ¬ning till motion hos individer som nyttjar respektive inte utnyttjar friskvårdsförmånen. Data samlades in genom semistruktu¬rerade intervjuer med tio personer vilka sedan analyserades enligt teoristyrd tematisk analys. Deltagarna besvarade även ett standardiserat mät¬instrument (Sport Motivation Scale). Undersökningen utgick från Self-Determination Theory som bygger på tanken att beteenden som styrs av inre motivation har större chans att upprätthållas än de som styrs av yttre motivation. Resultatet visade att de som nyttjar frisk¬vårdstimmen i större utsträckning drivs av inre motivation än de som inte nyttjar denna. För att fler anställda skall utnyttja frisk¬vårdsförmånen bör arbetsgivaren satsa på personlig rådgivning samt skapa en organisa¬tions¬kultur där motion är ett naturligt inslag och där den inre motiva¬tionen uppmuntras.

Uganda’s tourism industry is a major source of foreign exchange income, creating much-needed employment and development opportunities. This study provided an overview of motivations and characteristics of non-resident visitors to Uganda. This exploratory research was conducted in Uganda during July and August 2011. Information obtained includes the popular activities and places visited, visitor expenditures, demographic information, motivation for visiting Uganda, and motivation for traveling and volunteering in general. This study concluded that the majority of non-resident visitors leaving Uganda were volunteers, with a majority being religious volunteers who did not represent a sustainable tourism market within Uganda. Data provided in this study can allow tourism stakeholders to draw conclusions on what is needed in Uganda to help the tourism sector to continue growing more sustainably and to remain competitive amongst other East African tourist destinations.

Uganda’s tourism industry is a major source of foreign exchange income, creating much-needed employment and development opportunities. This study provided an overview of motivations and characteristics of non-resident visitors to Uganda. This exploratory research was conducted in Uganda during July and August 2011. Information obtained includes the popular activities and places visited, visitor expenditures, demographic information, motivation for visiting Uganda, and motivation for traveling and volunteering in general. This study concluded that the majority of non-resident visitors leaving Uganda were volunteers, with a majority being religious volunteers who did not represent a sustainable tourism market within Uganda. Data provided in this study can allow tourism stakeholders to draw conclusions on what is needed in Uganda to help the tourism sector to continue growing more sustainably and to remain competitive amongst other East African tourist destinations.

Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur elever på den nationellt godkända idrottsutbildningen (NIU) motiveras till sin idrott i enlighet med Self-determination Theory och Organismic Integration Theory, med hjälp av en modifierad Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-6). Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka om elever på den nationellt godkända idrottsutbildningen (NIU) upplever utbrändhet, med hjälp av Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Till sist ämnar studien att undersöka om det föreligger något samband mellan elevernas motivation och utbrändhet. Tidigare studier beskriver att elitidrottare har visat sig vara en särskild utsatt population gentemot utbrändhet. Detta på grund av en långvarig press och stress i samband med elitidrott.  Metod: Datainsamlingen erhölls med mejlkonversationer mellan författare och NIU gymnasieskolor i Stockholm. 15 NIU gymnasieskolor kontaktades på mejl och 7 av dessa gymnasieskolor deltog i studien. 131 elever som betraktas som elitidrottare deltog i studien genom att besvara ett frågeformulär bestående av 39 påståenden med hjälp av en 7 gradig Likertskala. 24 påståenden utgjordes av SMS-6 och 15 påståenden utgjordes av ABQ. Resultat: De tre högsta noterade medelvärdena utifrån SMS-6 var integrated motivation (M = 5,7), identified motivation (M = 4,9) och introjected motivation (M = 4,7). ABQ medelvärde noterades till (M = 3). De två främsta fynden i studien var en negativ signifikant korrelation mellan integrated motivation (-0,18) och utbrändhet och en positiv signifikant korrelation mellan amotivation och utbrändhet (0,37). Slutsats: Utifrån studiens resultat så verkar det som att höga nivåer av självbestämd motivation motarbetar symptom av utbrändhet. Det verkar också som att låga nivåer av självbestämd motivation framhäver symptom av utbrändhet. / Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how elite athlete students in Swedish high schools are motivated towards their sports by Self-determination Theory and Organismic Integration Theory, regarding the Modified Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-6). The study further aims to investigate if elite athlete students had developed symptoms of burnout, regarding the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Finally, this study aims to investigate if there exist any correlations between student’s motivation and symptoms of burnout. Studies have reported findings of elite athletes as a special vulnerable group towards symptoms of burnout. Elite athletes train close to their limits, strain themselves to highest achievements. They are also part of that special vulnerable population who may experience symptoms of burnout due to a prolonged stress and pressure associated with elite sports.  Methods: Data collection was obtained by emails between the investigators and high schools in Stockholm. 15 sport high schools were contacted by email and 7 of these high schools participated in the study. 131 elite athlete students participated in the study by answering a questionnaire which contained 39 items, specifically 24 items by SMS-6 and 15 items by ABQ. The questionnaire were answered by a 7 point Likert scale.  Results: The three highest scored means by SMS-6 was the integrated motivation (M = 5,7), identified motivation (M = 4,9) and introjected motivation (M = 4,7). ABQ measure of burnout was (M = 3). The two major findings in the present study was a negative significant correlation reported for integrated motivation and burnout (-0,18) and a positive significant correlation reported for amotivation and burnout (0,37).  Conclusion: By the results in the present study it seems as high levels of self-determinated motivation counteract symptoms of burnout. Thus it also seems as low levels of self-determinated motivation may contribute to symptoms of burnout.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka konsumentbeteende för att skapa större förståelse för konsumenters motivation till socialt hållbara produktköp. Vilka motivationsmål är viktiga för konsumenter vid köp av en socialt hållbar produkt? Det ökade intresset inom området social hållbarhet hos allmänheten (Eweje 2020) samt de motsägelser som finns i tidigare forskning (Antonetti &amp; Maklan 2014; Shao &amp; Ünal 2019; Veleva 2020) gör det här till ett intressant och aktuellt ämne. Genom ett bekvämlighetsurval väljs respondenter med tidigare erfarenhet av socialt hållbara produktköp ut för strukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuschemat utformas delvis efter Consumer Motivation Scale (CMS) modellen. Med utgångspunkt i CMS-modellen (Barbopoulos &amp; Johansson 2017) och goal-framing theory (GFT) (Lindenberg &amp; Steg 2007) undersöks vilka motivationsmål (huvudmål och delmål) som är viktiga för konsumenten. Resultaten kan endast svara för vilka motivationsmål som är viktigast vid socialt hållbara produktköp för respondenterna i den här studien. Resultaten av den här studien visar att det tillförskaffande huvudmålet och delmålet etik är viktigast. Sambandsanalyserna visade vidare att beroende på hur ofta och för hur mycket respondenterna handlade socialt hållbara produkter så påverkades vilka påståenden som var viktiga för dem. Då den här studien inte har möjlighet att presentera ett generaliserbart resultat, utan snarare kan visa en indikation på vilka mål som kan vara viktiga för konsumenter vid socialt hållbara produktköp, kan framtida studier fortsätta att utveckla kunskapen inom området. Området skulle gynnas av både mer omfattande kvantitativa studier som kan producera ett generaliserbart resultat gällande konsumenter i Sverige, samt kvalitativa studier som kan erbjuda en djupare förståelse för området. Rekommendationer till framtida studier diskuteras i studiens slutsatser. Studien är skriven på svenska. / This study aims to investigate consumer behaviour to create a greater understanding of consumers' motivation towards purchasing socially sustainable products. What motivational goals are important for consumers when buying a socially sustainable product? The increased interest in the field of social sustainability among the general public (Eweje 2020), as well as the contradictions that exist in previous research (Antonetti &amp; Maklan 2014; Shao &amp; Ünal 2019; Veleva 2020) makes this an interesting and current topic to research further. Through a convenience sample, respondents with previous experience of socially sustainable product purchases are selected for structured interviews. The interview schedule is partially designed after the Consumer Motivation Scale model (CMS). Based on the CMS-model (Barbopoulos &amp; Johansson 2017) and goal-framing theory (GFT) (Lindenberg &amp; Steg 2007), the study investigates which motivational goals (main goals and subgoals) that are important for the consumer. The results can only answer which motivational goals that were most important in socially sustainable product purchases for the respondents in this study. The results show that the main goal gain and the subgoal ethics are the most important. The correlation analyzes further showed that depending on how often and for how much the respondents purchased socially sustainable products, the importance of the statements varied. As this study can not present a generalizable result, but rather an indication of which goals that may be important for consumers when purchasing socially sustainable products, future studies could continue to research within this subject. The research area would benefit from both more comprehensive quantitative studies that can produce a generalizable result for consumers in Sweden, and qualitative studies that can offer a deeper understanding of the subject. Recommendations for future studies are further discussed in the conclusions of this study. The study is written in Swedish.