Denna kvantitativa studie har syfte att undersöka sambandet mellan individers upplevda arbetsmotivation och dess personlighetsdrag. Ökad kunskap inom området har visat sig möjliggöra förbättringar inom personalarbete, däribland ledning och rekrytering. Studiens syfte mynnade ut i tre hypoteser, varav en berörde samband mellan extern arbetsmotivation och personlighetsdraget neuroticism och en intern arbetsmotivation och personlighetsdragen extraversion, samvetsgrannhet och öppenhet. Den tredje hypotesen undersökte åldersskillnader i motivationsfaktorer vid arbete – där ett antagande fanns att skattning korrelerande med intern arbetsmotivation skulle ses bland deltagare med högre ålder. En kvantitativ enkätundersökning användes som metod i vilken två sedan innan validerade mätinstrument utgjorde den huvudsakliga delen av undersökningen. Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS) användes för att undersöka upplevd arbetsmotivation och Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) för att undersöka personlighetsdrag bland deltagarna. Resultatet analyserades med Spearman’s korrelationsanalys varpå ett antal korrelationer kunde ses. Studiens resultat kunde bekräfta två av hypoteserna – där ett samband dels kunde ses mellan intern arbetsmotivation och personlighetsdragen extraversion tillika öppenhet. Ett samband kunde även ses mellan ålderskategorierna och arbetsmotivationsfaktorerna, vilket visade på att deltagare med högre ålder i större utsträckning motiverades av interna arbetsmotivationsfaktorer i jämförelse med externa arbetsmotivationsfaktorer tillika amotivation. Sammanfattningsvis kunde studiens resultat visa på upplevd arbetsmotivation och dess korrelation med personlighetsdrag tillika ålder. / This quantitative study aims to investigate the correlation between individuals' perceived work motivation and its personality traits. Increased knowledge in this field has been shown to enable improvements in personnel work, including management and recruitment. The purpose of the study led to three hypotheses, one of which concerned the relationship between external work motivation and the personality trait neuroticism and one of which concerned internal work motivation and the personality traits extraversion, conscientiousness and openness. The third hypothesis examined age differences in motivational factors at work – where an assumption was made that internal work motivation would be seen among participants with older age. A quantitative questionnaire survey was used as the method in which two previously validated measuring instruments formed the main part of the survey. The Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS) was used to examine perceived work motivation and the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) to examine personality traits among participants. The result was analyzed with Spearman's correlation analysis, whereupon a number of correlations could be seen. The results of the study were able to confirm two of the hypotheses – where a correlation could be seen between internal work motivation and the personality traits extraversion as well as openness. A correlation could also be seen between the age categories and the work motivation factors, which showed that participants with older age were motivated to a greater extent by internal work motivation in comparison to external work motivation as well as amotivation. In summary, the results of the study could show perceived work motivation and its correlation with personality traits as well as age.

This study explored the associations of students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation towards high-stake tests in Physical education. The study collected data with questionnaires from 81 Swedish compulsory school students. The questionnaires in this study were based on the Academic Motivation Scale. Furthermore, this study was based on Self-Determination Theory. In congruence with previous research, this study found that females received a significantly higher grade than male students. The results also suggest that there was no significant difference between the different test-groups actual performance. The results of the study concluded that there are no correlations between motivation [towards high-stake tests] and the actual performance of students. Moreover, students were more motivated by external regulation (receiving higher grades) than intrinsic motivation to know (to learn a skill for life). Students perceived higher test anxiety if they were to perform in front of their classmates. However, the test-groups did not perform statistically differently which then leads to the question on the necessities of using these forms of high-stake test since it does not increase performance but is perceived to be more stressful for students. Further research is necessary to draw any generalizable conclusions if there is any correlation between motivation, high-stake tests, and perceived test anxiety.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Deborah D. Canter / SooCheong Jang / Senior casino gaming has been appearing as a leisure activity for the senior population as well as a research topic for many researchers from various academic disciplines. Finding out important reasons or motivations for older adults spending time in casino gaming will be the one of the fundamental ways to determine their future casino patronage intention. Accordingly, this study identifies a comprehensive inventory of senior casino gaming motivations by way of an exploratory approach. Followed Churchill’s (1979) scale development procedure, the study generated a to find five distinctive senior casino gaming motivation dimensions: winning and thrill, socialization, escape, enjoyment, and curiosity. Ultimately, confirmatory factor estimates supported that the finalized measure was unidimensional, reliable, and valid while the measurement scale was parsimonious and captured various dimensions of senior casino gaming motivation. The second part of this study investigated the applicability of an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) with motivation component attached in context of senior casino gaming behavior. Seniors’ past casino visit was also tested for a moderator effect between the major predictor variables (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and motivation) and seniors’ casino behavioral intention. The findings of a structural equation modeling suggested that all predictable variables of TPB had positive effects on seniors’ casino gaming intention. Among senior casino gaming motivation, ‘winning and thrill’ and ‘enjoyment’ had direct positive effects on behavioral intention. The results of metric invariance test for moderating role of past casino visit showed that there was no indication of seniors’ past casino visit having any influence on their intention to participate in casino gaming. The overall study results suggested that the proposed extended model is a useful tool to use in studying of senior casino gaming behavior. In conclusion, theoretical and practical implications of the study findings were discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mauricio lobo giusti.pdf: 744375 bytes, checksum: 3b95bba23b095fb11f1409e04f576b46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-20 / Objectives: Characterize the female futsal high-level athletes em Brazil, check the characteristics of the athletes invited to the Brazilian national team in 2013, as well as identify the motivational profile and evaluate the factors associated with motivation for the Sport among athletes. Method: Transversal descriptive study, having Brazilian futsal athletes as target audience, participants of the 2013 Feminine Futsal League. It was applied a questionnaire created by the researchers and the profile of motivation was evaluated through the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Results: The majorities of athletes are adults, of socio-economic classification B, are studying with integral funding, started playing at the streets or school, with less than 9 years old. Also, they would like to dedicate more time to futsal and the majority is paid to play. Being called-up is associated with being adult, having finished high school or attending post-graduation, receiving integral funding and being invited, indicated or hired from other team by their current team. The average score of the athletes for intrinsic motivation (IM) were higher than the score of extrinsic motivation (EM). The average of demotivation dimensions presented the lowest values. The athletes that were studying present higher IM. The athletes with 10 years or more in futsal were the most demotivated. Conclusion: This research sought to describe the profile of athletes that dispute the most important futsal national championship, besides describing the characteristics of the athletes that were called up for the Brazilian national team. Starting from these findings, it was notices an important encouragement to education continued between the athletes and also a high score of intrinsic motivation that seems to be connected with studying. The demotivational scores were low, however, the increase of years of practice may lead to higher scores of demotivation in the sport / Objetivos: Caracterizar as atletas de futsal feminino de alto rendimento no Brasil, verificar as características das atletas convocadas para a seleção brasileira em 2013, bem como, identificar o perfil motivacional e avaliar os fatores associados à motivação para o esporte entre as atletas. Método: Estudo descritivo transversal, tendo como população alvo as atletas brasileiras de futsal, participantes da Liga Futsal Feminina 2013. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado criado pelos pesquisadores e o perfil da motivação foi avaliado através da Escala de Motivação no Esporte (SMS). Resultados: A maioria das atletas é adulta, de classificação econômica B, está estudando com financiamento integral, começou a jogar na rua ou na escola, com menos de 9 anos. Também gostariam de dedicar mais tempo ao futsal e a grande maioria é remunerada para jogar. Ser convocada esteve associado a ser adulta, ter concluído o ensino superior ou estar cursando pós-graduação, receber financiamento integral dos estudos e ter sido convidada, indicada ou contratada de outra equipe para sua equipe atual. Os escores médios das atletas para motivação intrínseca (MI) foram maiores que os escores de motivação extrínseca (ME). A média da dimensão desmotivação apresentou os menores valores. As atletas que estavam estudando apresentaram maior MI. As atletas com dez anos ou mais na prática do futsal estavam mais desmotivadas. Conclusão: Este estudo buscou caracterizar e descrever o perfil motivacional das atletas que disputaram o campeonato nacional mais importante da modalidade, além de descrever as características das atletas convocadas para a Seleção Brasileira. A partir destes achados observou-se um importante incentivo a educação continuada entre as atletas e também um alto escore de motivação intrínseca que parece estar relacionada ao estudo. Os escores de desmotivação foram baixos, no entanto, o aumento dos anos de prática parece levar a maiores escores de desmotivação para o esporte

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka tränarbeteenden som föredras av elever på svenska elitishockeygymnasier samt att få en inblick hur motivationen är hos dessa elever.  Frågeställningar: 1. Hur uppfattar eleverna olika tränarbeteenden? 2. Hur ser motivationen ut hos eleverna? 3. Finns det några skillnader mellan könen i dessa två variabler? 4. Finns det några skillnader mellan de olika spelpositionerna inom ishockey? 5. Finns det ett samband mellan specifika tränarbeteenden och viss motivationstyp? Metod: Deltagare i denna kvantitativa studie var elever på landets elitishockeygymnasier som fyllt 18 år. Undersökningen genomfördes i form av en webb-enkät i Google Forms. Enkäten har bestått av två redan färdiga enkäter, Leadership Scale for Sports och Sport Motivation Scale-II. Enkäten har skickats till de ansvariga för respektive elitishockeygymnasium i landet som sedan förmedlat enkäten vidare till eleverna. Resultatet från enkäten har bearbetats i statistikprogrammet SPSS version 24 där T-test, korrelationer, one-way ANOVA samt Cronbach’s alfa har genomförts.  Resultat: Autokratiskt beteende var det minst uppskattade beteenden och positiv feedback det mest uppskattade.  Den motivationstyp som förekom i högst grad hos undersökningsgruppen var inre motivation och i lägst grad förekom amotivation. En statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan könen i föredragna tränarbeteenden visades, då kvinnorna i högre grad föredrog demokratiskt beteende jämfört med männen. Mellan de olika positionerna fanns det statistisk signifikant skillnad inom amotivation, där målvakterna visade mer amotivation än backarna. Samband av medel-styrka kunde ses mellan inre motivation och träning/instruktion samt positiv feedback, men även mellan extern reglering och träning/instruktion. Fler samband med låg styrka kunde påvisas. Slutsats: De mest föredragna tränarbeteendena samt motivationstyperna har påvisats. Även skillnader och samband har framkommit. En viktig slutsats är att de undersökta variablerna hänger ihop och har en stor påverkan på varandra, då idrottarnas motivation påverkar tränarens beteende, samtidigt som tränarens beteende påverkar idrottarnas motivation.

Title: Motivation football players under influence of level of competition and loading level Objectives: The first aim of this study is to describe the motivation of football players. The second aim is to find out how players' motivational structure changes depending on the level of gaming. The third aim of the thesis is to verify the hypotheses regarding the motivation structure and their changes on the set criteria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The data was obtained using the Czech version of the Sport motivation scale. Relationships between motivation and the monitored variables (belonging to the given team - level of competition, gaming load) were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Comparison of motivation at clubs at different levels of competition was performed using the t-test. By comparison, the data were compared with the results of other relevant studies. Results: On a given sample (n = 50), we found a correlation of the positive and the negative direction. At the alpha level of 0.1, a negative amortization correlation was found at the descending team level (R = 0.26; p-value = 0.07). A similar result was given by the result of the t-test, when we found a significant difference between the players from AC Sparta Praha and non-selective clubs (T = 2.8;...

Det som ska undersökas i denna fallstudie är ifall visualisering av studerad tid kan öka motivationen hos en högskolestudent att studera på högskola. I denna uppsats definieras studietillfällen som schemalagda föreläsningar och övningar, eller självorganiserade studiepass. Kopplingen mellan motivation och visualisering av tid lagt på träning i gym har tidigare undersökts. Vi bygger vidare på det och undersöker ifall det finns ett liknande samband med mängden tid nedlagd på studier och motivationen att studera vid högre utbildning. Frågan är av intresse för främst utvecklare av lärplattformar, då ifall att fallstudiens resultat skulle tyda på att visualisering av tid nedlagt på studier orsakar en ökad motivation skulle det vara värdefullt att implementera i lärplattformar. Vidare, är frågan av intresse för studenter eftersom det skulle kunna öka deras studiemotivation. Fallstudien inleddes med att 28 studenters motivation mättes, för att få fram ett referensvärde. Därefter fick studenterna under en tvåveckorsperiod dagligen logga den tid de lagt på studier. Utöver det fick studenterna dagliga uppdateringar med stapeldiagram som visuellt representerade den loggade tid de dagligen lade ner på sina studier. Därefter mättes deras motivation återigen, som sedan jämfördes med den inledande mätningen. Resultatet visade att det fanns en signifikant skillnad i två av de sju motivationsskalorna i “Academic Motivational Scale”, den inre motivationen att prestera och den yttre introjicerade motivationen. Detta styrker tidigare studier som visat en koppling mellan visualisering av en elevs nedlagda tid på avklarade moment och elevens prestation i skolan. / This case study aims to examine if a visualization of undergraduate students’ learning sessions can increase their motivation to study. Previous studies have shown that there is a correlation between motivation and visualization of time spent on, for example, training in gyms. Consequently, this case study aims to expand on this subject and examine if there is a similar correlation in time spent on studying and the motivation to study in higher educational settings. This question is mainly of interest for developers of learning management systems, such as online course platforms, since if the case study results show that there is an increase in motivation caused by a visualization of time spent studying it would be of value to implement in their learning management systems. Furthermore, this question is of interest for students since it could increase their motivation to study. The case study was initialised by measuring and evaluating 28 undergraduate students’ motivation, to calculate a reference value. The students were then asked to log their study sessions each day and they were given daily updates based on their loggings of their time spent studying during two weeks, with visual bar charts. The case study finished by re-evaluating the motivation of the students and comparing it to the initial measurement. The results showed that there was a significant difference in 2 of the 7 motivational categories of the employed “Academic Motivational Scale”, namely the intrinsic motivation towards accomplishment, and the extrinsic introjected motivation. This further validates previous studies which shows a connection between visualising a students total time spent on accomplished course modules.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka ifall det finns något samband mellan emotionell koppling till de sociala medieplattformarna Facebook, Instagram och TikTok och upplevdidrottsmotivation hos svenska styrkelyftare och bänkpressare. Samt ifall det finns några skillnader mellan könskategorier och tävlingsnivåer. Totalt deltog 93 personer (15-59 år) i studien varav 59 tävlande i kategori kvinna och 34 i kategori man. 32 deltagare tävlade på distriktsnivå, 38 på nationell nivå och 23 på internationell nivå. Data samlades in med hjälp av en webbenkät som i huvudsak baserades på de två befintliga frågeformulären Sport motivation scale-II (SMS-II) och The Multidimensional Facebook Intensity Scale (MFIS). Pearsons korrelationsanalys visade endast ett signifikant samband för TikTok ( p < .01) där en positiv korrelation fanns. Även bivariata regressionsanalyser visade endast ett signifikant resultat för TikTok (p < .01 & p < .001) som visade att en starkare koppling till plattformen kunde förutsäga en högre nivå av upplevd idrottsmotivation. Kovariansanalyser (ANCOVA) visade inga skillnader i emotionell koppling till plattformarna eller i upplevd idrottsmotivation mellan könskategorierna och tävlingsnivåerna. I denna studie upptäcktes positiva samband mellan emotionell koppling till sociala medier och upplevd idrottsmotivation och tidigare forskning har visat på både positiva och negativa effekter av sociala medier på idrottares motivation.Detta är något som kan vara relevant för idrottare, tränare och andra aktörer i idrottares närhet att vara medvetna om. / The aim of the study is to examine if there is a relation between the emotional connectednessto the social media platforms Facebook, Instagram and Tikok and the degree of perceived sports motivation in Swedish powerlifters and bench-press competitors. And if there are differences between gender categories and competition levels. In total the study had 93 participants (age 15-59) 59 competed in the women’s category and 34 in the men’s category. 32 participants competed at the regional level, 38 at the national level and 23 at the international level. Data was collected via an online questionnaire which was mainly based on the Sport motivation scale-II (SMS-II) and The Multidimensional Facebook Intensity Scale (MFIS). Pearson’s correlation test did only show a significant relation for TikTok ( p < .01) which showed a positive correlation. The same was the case for the bivariate regression analysis where also only a significant result for TikTok was found (p < .01 & p < .001) which showed that a strong emotional connectedness to TikTok could predict a high level of perceived sportsmotivation. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) showed no differences in emotional connectedness to the social media platforms or in perceived sports motivation between the gender categories and competition levels. This study showed a positive relation between emotional connectedness to social media and perceived sports motivation and previous research has shown both positive and negative effects of social media on sports motivation. This can be of relevance for the athletes themselves but also for coaches and other actors close to the athletes to be aware of.

This study examined the motivation of entrepreneurs in starting a business. More specifically, it aimed to identify whether entrepreneurs have common motives for starting their own business, and to determine whether men and women have different reasons for becoming entrepreneurs. The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 101 entrepreneurs. A motivation scale and open-ended questions were used to measure motivation. The results indicated that men and women have various reasons for starting a business, and are primarily motivated by the need for independence, need for material incentives and the need for achievement. The need to contribute to the community was not an important motive. Comparatively, male entrepreneurs were more motivated by the need to give family security and to make a difference in the business, and female entrepreneurs were motivated more by the need to keep learning and the need for more money to survive. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

This study examined the motivation of entrepreneurs in starting a business. More specifically, it aimed to identify whether entrepreneurs have common motives for starting their own business, and to determine whether men and women have different reasons for becoming entrepreneurs. The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 101 entrepreneurs. A motivation scale and open-ended questions were used to measure motivation. The results indicated that men and women have various reasons for starting a business, and are primarily motivated by the need for independence, need for material incentives and the need for achievement. The need to contribute to the community was not an important motive. Comparatively, male entrepreneurs were more motivated by the need to give family security and to make a difference in the business, and female entrepreneurs were motivated more by the need to keep learning and the need for more money to survive. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)