Uppsatsen undersöker vilka mål Växjö Transportkyla har vid dimensionering av deras säkerhetslager. Genom att studera litteratur och genomföra intervjuer på företaget sammanställs målen till följande: Hög servicenivå Låg kapitalbindning Kontroll över storleken på säkerhetslager Differentierade servicenivåer Användarvänlig beräkning av säkerhetslager baserad på teori Den andra frågeställningen för uppsatsen syftar till att bestämma vilken beräkningsmetod som Växjö Transportkyla bör välja för att uppnå de mål som satts upp. Fem olika beräkningsmetoder testas och det undersöks även vilken statistisk fördelning produkternas efterfråga har. Efter att ha testat de fem beräkningsmetoderna på data insamlad från Växjö Transportkyla blir slutsatsen att för de 426 poissonfördelade produkterna bör SERV2 poissonfördelning användas. För de övriga ca 700 artiklarna finns inget resultat då efterfrågefördelningen endast gick att bestämma för ett fåtal av dem. En rekommendation till företaget blir att testa fler fördelningar och på så sätt komma fram till bästa resultat på övriga produkter. Det poängteras även att det är bra att mäta servicenivåer och differentiera servicenivåmålet för olika produkter. Uppsatsen ger sitt teoretiska bidrag i form av en generalisering av vilka produktegenskaper som påverkar valet av beräkningsmetod vid säkerhetslageroptimering och hur. De fyra övriga beräkningsmetoderna jämförs här med SERV2 poissonfördelning för att se om det vid vissa produktegenskaper passar med en annan beräkningsmetod. Detta leder fram till slutsatsen att SERV2 normalfördelning var den av de fyra beräkningsmetoderna som hade mest korrekt resultat och det var vid medellånga ledtider och låg efterfrågan. / The thesis examines which goals Växjö Transportkyla has with calculating their safety stock. By analysing literature and responses from interviews at the company, the following goals have been put together: High service level Low tied-up costs Control over the size of the safety stock Differentiated service levels User-friendly calculation of safety stock based on theory The purpose of the second research question is to decide which safety stock calculation should be used by Växjö Transportkyla to reach the goals. Five different safety stock calculations are tested and the statistical distribution of the products’ demand is examined. After testing the safety stock calculations on data from Växjö Transportkyla, the conclusion is that for the 426 poisson distributed products, SERV2 poisson distribution should be used. For the rest of the products, which are around 700, there is no result since the correct distribution only was found for a few of them. A recommendation for the company is to test more distributions to be able to calculate the safety stock for the rest of their products. It is also pointed out that the company should measure their service levels and differentiate the service level for the different products. The thesis provides a theoretical contribution by examining which product features affect the choice of safety stock calculation and how. The four remaining safety stock calculations are compared to SERV2 normal distribution to examine if it is plausible for certain product features to use another safety stock calculation. This leads to the conclusion that SERV2 normal distribution was the one out of the four safety stock calculations that had the most correct result in relation to SERV2 poisson distribution and that was for the product features of middle-long lead times and low demand.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No contexto do planejamento e gestão dos recursos hídricos em bacias hidrográficas, é crescente a demanda por informações consistentes relativas ao estado do ambiente e pressões ambientais de forma integrada, para que possam informar à população e subsidiar atividades do setor público e privado. Essa demanda pode ser satisfeita com a modelagem e integração em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), com propriedades e funções de processamento que permitem sua utilização em ambiente integrado. Desta forma, neste trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia para a avaliação muticriterial dos recursos hídricos de bacias hidrográficas, que vai desde a seleção de indicadores e definição dos pesos, até a execução de avaliações e espacialização de resultados. Esta metodologia é composta por duas fases: avaliação da vulnerabilidade dos recursos hídricos de uma bacia hidrográfica a partir do uso de sistemas de suporte à decisão espacial, e, avaliação da qualidade das águas através da adaptação de um Índice de Qualidade das Águas. Foi adotada uma base de conhecimento, sistemas de suporte à decisão, SIG e uma ferramenta computacional que integra estes resultados permitindo a geração de análises com cenários da vulnerabilidade dos recursos hídricos. Em paralelo, a qualidade das águas das sub-bacias hidrográficas foi obtida a partir da adaptação do cálculo do Índice de Qualidade das águas proposto pela Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB) e aplicação do Índice de Toxidez. Os resultados mostraram sub-bacias com seus recursos hídricos mais ou menos vulneráveis, bem como sub-bacias com toxidez acima da legislação. A avaliação integrada entre áreas mais vulneráveis e que apresentam menor qualidade e/ou maior toxidez poderá nortear a tomada de decisão e projetos visando a conservação dos recursos hídricos em bacias hidrográficas. / In the context of planning and management of water resources in river basins, there is growing demand for consistent information concerning the state of the environment and environmental pressures in an integrated manner, that can inform the population and support the activities of the public and private sectors. This demand can be satisfied with the modeling and integration in Geographic Information Systems, with properties and processing functions that allow their use in integrated environment. Thus, this dissertation presents a methodology for muticriterial assessing of water resources in river basins, from the selection of indicators and definition of the weights, to running assessments and spatial representation of the results. This methodology consists of two phases: assessing the vulnerability of water resources of a watershed from the use of spatial decision support systems, and assessment of water quality by adapting a Water Quality Index. Knowledge base, decision support systems, GIS and a computing tool were adopted to integrates these results and allow the generation of scenarios of the vulnerability of water resources. In parallel, the water quality of sub-basins is obtained by from an adaptation of calculation of the water quality index proposed by the Company of Environmental Sanitation Technology (CETESB) and applying the Toxicity Index. The results showed sub-basins, with its water resources more or less vulnerable, as well as sub-basins with toxicity above the permitted. Integrated assessment of vulnerable areas and have lower quality and / or greater toxicity may guide the decision making activities and projects aimed at conserving water resources in river basins.

Orientador: Maria Lucia Galves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T09:38:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bocca_LucasScatulin_M.pdf: 2952833 bytes, checksum: 2e74b706e339719cc2f3c1d7f0d67db6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A capacidade de estocagem de grãos instalada nas propriedades rurais no Brasil é baixa, bem como os armazéns, silos e entrepostos comerciais (público ou privado), devido a localizações, tipos e condições físicas, apresentam deficiências no que se refere ao desempenho e suficiência dessa infraestrutura. Assim, esse trabalho procurou abordar o problema de decisão relativo à implantação de um sistema de armazenamento de grãos na propriedade rural, considerando riscos, benefícios, incertezas e alternativas. Para tanto, foi utilizada a metodologia de auxílio multicritério à decisão, de modo a considerar os inúmeros objetivos, consequências, critérios, valores, expectativas e desempenhos das alternativas consideradas. A aplicação do método em uma situação real foi realizada para auxiliar um empresário rural (sojicultura) a decidir qual infraestrutura adotar para armazenar sua produção. Os resultados obtidos foram importantes para melhorar o seu entendimento sobre a problemática considerada, bem como sobre as alternativas existentes e suas respectivas vantagens e desvantagens. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que a metodologia de auxílio multicritério à decisão pode ser uma abordagem útil na implantação de um sistema de armazenagem de grãos na propriedade rural, pois foi capaz de incorporar diversas variáveis e objetivos, bem como os valores do decisor (produtor), fornecendo subsídios para a tomada de decisão e o acompanhamento da eficácia e eficiência da solução adotada / Abstract: The grain storage capacity installed in rural properties in Brazil is low, as well as grain storehouses, silos and commercial warehouses (public or private), because the locations, types and conditions, display gaps with regard to performance and adequacy of such facilities. Thus, this study sought to address the decision problem on the implementation of on-farm grain storage system, taking account of risks, benefits, uncertainties and alternatives. For this purpose, it was adopted the methodology of multicriteria decision aid, in order to consider the many objectives, consequences, criteria, values, expectations and performances of the existing alternatives. The application of the method in a real situation was held to aid a rural entrepreneur (soybean production) to decide what infrastructure to select to store his production. The results were important to improve his understanding of the considered issues, as well as on the alternatives and their advantages and disadvantages. Thus, it was concluded that the methodology of multicriteria decision aid can be a useful approach on implementation of on-farm grain storage system because it was able to incorporate many variables and objectives, as well as the values of the decision maker (producer), supporting decision making and providing informations to monitor the effectiveness and efficiency of the selected solution / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Dans les essais randomisés conduits en oncologie médicale, l'effet des traitements est le plus souvent évalué sur plusieurs critères de jugement, dont un ou plusieurs critères de type temps jusqu'à événement. Une analyse globale de l'effet d'un traitement intègre les résultats observés sur l'ensemble des critères de jugement pertinent. Un des objectifs de notre travail était de réaliser une revue systématique de la littérature évaluant les méthodes de recueil, d'analyse et de rapport des événements indésirables et des critères de jugement rapportés par les patients dans les essais de phase III en oncologie médicale. Cette revue a mis en évidence une grande hétérogénéité des méthodes utilisées. De plus les rapports des essais omettaient souvent certaines informations indispensables pour évaluer la validité des résultats rapportés en toxicité ou sur les critères de jugement rapportés par les patients. Un autre objectif de cette thèse était de développer une extension de la méthode des comparaisons par paire généralisées permettant d'évaluer de façon non biaisée la propension au succès en présence de censure lorsqu'un des critères de jugement est de type temps jusqu'à événement. Cette thèse avait également pour objectif de montrer comment les comparaisons par paire pouvaient être utilisées afin d'évaluer la balance bénéfice-risque de traitements innovants dans les essais randomisés. De la même façon, la propension globale au succès permet d'évaluer le bénéfice thérapeutique global lorsqu'un effet positif est attendu sur plusieurs critères de jugement / In medical oncology randomized trials, treatment effect is usually assessed on several endpoints, including one or more time-to-event endpoints. An overall analysis of the treatment effect may include the outcomes observed on all the relevant endpoints. A systematic review of medical oncology phase III trials was conducted. We extracted the methods used to record, analyze and report adverse events and patient-reported outcomes. Our findings show that some methodological aspects of adverse events or patient-reported outcomes collection and analysis were poorly reported. Even when reported, the methods used were highly heterogeneous. Another objective was to develop an extension of the generalized pairwise comparison procedure for time-to-event variables. The extended procedure provides an unbiased estimation of the chance of a better outcome even in presence of highly censored observations. Then, we show how the chance of an overall better outcome can be used to assess the benefit-risk balance of treatment in randomized trials. When a benefit is expected on more than one endpoint, the chance of an overall better outcome assesses the overall therapeutic benefit. The test of the null hypothesis is more powerful than the test based on one single endpoint

La gestion des risques d’origine naturelle est un défi stratégique majeur pour les collectivités territoriales en raison de l’impact négatif potentiel de ces risques sur leur développement. Dans la perspective d’une gestion durable de ces risques, l’élaboration de méthodes et d’outils d’aide à la décision multicritère pour l’évaluation de la durabilité des stratégies de gestion représente une thématique de recherche intéressante et d’actualité. Les principaux verrous scientifiques sous-jacents à cette thématique portent sur la nécessité de définir un cadre théorique pour l’évaluation de cette durabilité et la prise en compte d’incertitudes provenant de différentes sources (données d’entrée, choix méthodologiques, dynamique du contexte, etc.) susceptibles d'influer sur la qualité des résultats de l’évaluation et donc sur la prise de décision. D’où la nécessité d’une méthodologie pour la prise en compte des incertitudes dans le processus décisionnel afin de fournir des résultats les plus pertinents possibles aux décideurs. Pour lever ces verrous, cette thèse propose une méthodologie globale d’évaluation qui repose sur le concept de développement durable et intègre un ensemble de critères et indicateurs permettant de rendre compte des conséquences techniques, économiques, sociétales, environnementales et institutionnelles des stratégies de gestion. Les incertitudes sont quantifiées selon une approche probabiliste (Simulations Monte Carlo) ou possibiliste (théorie des possibilités) et propagées le long du processus d’évaluation par l’arithmétique de la théorie des intervalles. Elle propose également un simulateur pour évaluer les dommages liés aux inondations et permettre une estimation aussi bien déterministe qu’aléatoire de différents types de ces dommages à l’échelle d’une commune. Ces contributions ont été appliquées à une étude de cas sur la commune de Dieulouard où trois stratégies de gestion des risques liés aux inondations sont comparées (respect des prescriptions du plan de prévention des risques d’inondations pour la construction de tout nouveau bâtiment, réduction du niveau de l’aléa par la construction d’une digue, réduction de la vulnérabilité de tous les bâtiments en zone inondable par des dispositifs de protection individuelle). Les résultats permettent d’illustrer l’opérationnalité de la méthodologie de dégager des perspectives de recherche / Natural hazard risk management is a major strategic challenge for territorial authorities because of the potential adverse effects on their development that arise from the occurrence of such a kind of risks. With a view to sustainably managing these risks, the development of multicriteria decision-support methods and tools to evaluate the sustainability of risk management strategies is an interesting and topical research subject. The main underlying challenges of sustainability assessment are to define a theoretical framework that will enable assessing the sustainability, and to take into account inherent uncertainties that could derive from various sources (input data, methodological choices, dynamics of the context, etc.), and that could potentially influence the relevance of assessment results. Hence, there is a need to develop a methodology for handling uncertainties in the decision-making process in order to provide decision-makers with the most relevant results. The present research introduces an overall decision-support methodology for assessing the sustainability of risk management strategies that relies on the concept of sustainable development and includes a set of criteria and indicators for reporting on the technical, economic, societal, environmental as well as institutional outcomes of the strategies. Data uncertainties are quantified using probabilistic (Monte Carlo simulations) or possibilistic (possibility theory) approach, and are propagated along the evaluation process through interval arithmetic operations. Beyond that, a computational tool was designed to simulate, in a deterministic or uncertain way, various types of flood damages at a municipality scale. These contributions were applied to a case study regarding flood risk management in Dieulouard, which consists of comparing three management strategies (respecting constructive constraints for new buildings in hazard prone areas fixed by the flood risks prevention plan, constructing a dyke as a collective defence infrastructure, implementing individual protective measures for all buildings in hazard prone areas). This application demonstrates the practicality of the methodology, and highlights prospects for future works

<p>U doktorskoj disertaciji evaluirani su interkorelacioni rezultati odnosa ključnih fizičko-hemijskih parametara i katjona metala u površinskoj vodi Dunava, Tise (na po tri selektovana reprezentativna lokaliteta) i kanala Dunav-Tisa-Dunav (na dva lokaliteta). U<br />Kanalu Dunav-Tisa-Dunav praćene su i rezidualne katjonske koncentracije metala u sedimentu. Na osnovu podataka prisutnosti katjona metala u heterogenom sistemu tečno/čvrsto izračunate su po prvi put konstante podeonih procesa za ispitivane katjone metala. Primenom multivarijantnih statističkih metoda analizirani su korelacioni odnosi između ključnih fizičko-hemijskih parametara i koncentracionih nivoa rezidula katjona teških, lakih i semimetala. Faktorskom analizom (PCA) i klaster analizom sa dendogramima tumačeni, analizirani i diskutovani su dobijeni rezultati. Za optimalnog uočavanja korelacionih odnosa primenjeno je unapređeno rangiranje određenih skupova podataka (interkorelacije ključnih fizičko-hemijskih parametara i rezidua katjona metala) i grafički prikazanih Haseovih dijagrama primenom DART softvera (Decision Analysis by Ranking Techniques) za definisani model procene uticaja raspodele katjona toksičnih metala u heterogenom sistemu tečno/čvrsto na kvalitet površinskih voda.</p> / <p>In the doctoral thesis are evaluated inter correlational results of key physicochemical parameters and metal cations in surface water of Danube, Tisa (on three selected representative sampling points) and canal Danube-Tisa-Danube (on two sampling sites). In the canal Danube-Tisa-Danube are also followed residual metal cations concentrations in sediment. Based on metal cations presence data in heterogeneous system liquid/solid for the first time partitioning processes constants are calculated for<br />selected metal cations. Appling multivariate statistical methods correlations between key physicochemical parameters and concentration levels of residual heavy, light and semimetals cations are analysed. Using factorial analyse (PCA) and cluster analyse with dendograms obtained results were interpreted, analysed and discussed. For optimal comprehension of correlations, advanced method ranking of finite order sets is applied (inter correlations key physicochemical parameters and residual metal cations) and graphically shown Hasse diagrams obtained by DART software (Decision Analysis by Ranking Techniques) for defined impact assessment model of toxic metal cations partitioning in heterogeneous system liquid/solid for surface water quality.</p>

This Doctoral thesis is focused on research of usability hardwood that is not used in structural engineering nowadays. Analysis of known hardwood properties and its verification by experiment was made. Mathematic analysis using the PROMETHEE method was used for most suitable hardwood species selection in the Central Europe conditions. The most suitable hardwood – beech – was subjected for further tests: finger-joint load bearing capacity experiment and beech homogenous and hybrid glulam experiment. The test results are compared with the values from professional literature.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T18:37:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 ricardo_oliveira_brasil_costa.pdf: 3946587 bytes, checksum: 024d0557009150d08ccbe342d1969e84 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-08-14T17:06:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ricardo_oliveira_brasil_costa.pdf: 3946587 bytes, checksum: 024d0557009150d08ccbe342d1969e84 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-14T17:06:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ricardo_oliveira_brasil_costa.pdf: 3946587 bytes, checksum: 024d0557009150d08ccbe342d1969e84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Funda??o Diamantinense de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extens?o (FUNDAEPE) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A cria??o de mecanismos de avalia??o de crit?rios ? essencial para o estabelecimento de pol?ticas e prioridades ajustadas ?s necessidades da popula??o. Esta pesquisa tem o prop?sito de criar um aplicativo permeado de governan?a da informa??o, para auxiliar na visualiza??o, planejamento e tomada de decis?es referentes ?s comunidades rurais tradicionais. Essa ferramenta denominada QualiVida considera as caracter?sticas de cada comunidade, englobadas em duas grandes ?reas: 1) avalia??o da comunidade: cultura, educa??o, economia, tradi??o e aspectos sociais; 2) recursos naturais existentes para realiza??o de melhorias habitacionais. Esse aplicativo possibilita que sejam avaliadas comunidades rurais tradicionais, para identifica??o das interven??es construtivas e melhoria das condi??es habitacionais e de peridomic?lio com enfoque no controle de doen?as e promo??o da sa?de. A ferramenta multicrit?rio desenvolvida ? validada com sua aplica??o em tr?s comunidades remanescentes quilombolas, Quartel do Indai?, Algodoeiro e Cov?o , localizadas no munic?pio de Diamantina (MG). O QualiVida permite, atrav?s de relat?rios, o mapeamento das interven??es priorit?rias naquelas localidades piores avaliadas, dando suporte ?s administra??es municipais e associa??es. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The establishment of criteria for evaluation mechanisms is essential for establishing policies and priorities tailored to people's needs. The research aims to create an information governance permeate application to aid in visualization, planning and decision making with reference to traditional rural communities. This tool nominated Qualivida considers the characteristics of each community, encompassed in two major areas: 1) community assessment: culture, education, economy, tradition and social aspects; 2) Natural resources: existing for conducting housing improvements. This tool enables traditional rural communities are evaluated to identify the building project, and the improvement of housing conditions and peridomicile focused on disease control and health promotion. The developed multicriteria tool is validated with an application of the three remaining quilombo communities (Quartel do Indai?, Cotton and Cov?o), located in the city of Diamantina (MG). The Qualivida allows, through reports, the mapping of priority interventions in those evaluated worst locations, supporting municipal administrations and associations. / El establecimiento de criterios de mecanismos de evaluaci?n es esencial para el establecimiento de pol?ticas y prioridades adaptadas a las necesidades de las personas. La investigaci?n tiene como objetivo crear una solicitud de informaci?n de gobierno permeado para ayudar en la visualizaci?n, planificaci?n y toma de decisiones con referencia a las comunidades rurales tradicionales. Esta herramienta nominado QualiVida considera las caracter?sticas de cada comunidad, englobado en dos ?reas principales: 1) evaluaci?n de la comunidad: la cultura, la educaci?n, la econom?a, la tradici?n y los aspectos sociales; 2) Los recursos naturales: existente para la realizaci?n de mejoras en las viviendas. Esta herramienta permite que se eval?an las comunidades rurales tradicionales para identificar el proyecto de construcci?n, y la mejora de las condiciones de vivienda y peridomicilio centran en el control de enfermedades y promoci?n de la salud. La herramienta multicriterio desarrollado se valida con una aplicaci?n de las tres comunidades remanentes de quilombos (Quartel do Indai?, Algodoeiro y Cov?o), con sede en la ciudad de Diamantina (MG). El QualiVida permite, a trav?s de informes, el mapeo de las intervenciones prioritarias que el ?rea peor evaluada, el apoyo a las administraciones y asociaciones municipales. / L'establiment de criteris de mecanismes d'avaluaci? ?s essencial per a l'establiment de pol?tiques i prioritats adaptades a les necessitats de les persones. La investigaci? t? com a objectiu crear una sol?licitud d'informaci? de govern permeat per ajudar a la visualitzaci?, planificaci? i presa de decisions amb refer?ncia a les comunitats rurals tradicionals. Aquesta eina nominat QualiVida considera les caracter?stiques de cada comunitat, englobat en dues ?rees principals: 1) avaluaci? de la comunitat: la cultura, l'educaci?, l'economia, la tradici? i els aspectes socials; 2) Els recursos naturals: existent per a la realitzaci? de millores en els habitatges. Aquesta eina permet que s'avaluen les comunitats rurals tradicionals per identificar el projecte de construcci?, i la millora de les condicions d'habitatge i peridomicilio centren en el control de malalties i promoci? de la salut. L'eina multicriteri desenvolupat es valida amb una aplicaci? de les tres comunitats romanents de quilombos (Quartel do Indai?, Algodoeiro i Cov?o), amb seu a la ciutat de Diamantina (MG). El QualiVida permet, a trav?s d'informes, el mapeig de les intervencions priorit?ries que l'?rea pitjor avaluada, el suport a les administracions i associacions municipals.

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether home health care is a better choice of care from an economic and quality of care perspective than conventional care for people over 65. To answer this, the costs for the two care models were estimated using parametric cost estimation. The quality of care and the cost were evaluated with the "Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process" to determine which of the care models was the best fit. The cost estimate showed that conventional care is cheaper than home care. However, a sensitivity analysis shows that a minimal efficiency in the number of home visits per patient is sufficient for home health care to become the most advantageous alternative from an economic point of view. In addition, a sensitivity analysis also shows that home health care is preferable in five cases out of six, when the weights obtained from the "Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process" are varied. In this preference system, both the cost and the characteristics that make up quality of care are weighted to be summed up to a comprehensive list of priorities of the two care options. Main process maps of the two care models were made to help find significant cost parameters for the two care models. The preparation of the main process maps was done by studying similar process maps to compile two complete overall process maps. However, no significant cost parameters were found when studying the process maps, but they are still included in the study to show the reader an overall difference between the two models. The study shows that home health care is usually more expensive than on-site care, but that home health care is, from a quality point of view, preferable to conventional care. / Studiens mål var att utvärdera om hemsjukvård är ett bättre vårdval ur ekonomisk- och vårdkvalitets synpunkt än konventionell vård för personer över 65. För att besvara detta uppskattades kostnaderna för de båda vårdmodellerna med hjälp av parametrisk kostnadsuppskattning. Vårdkvaliteten samt kostnaden utvärderades med ”Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process” för att avgöra vilken av vårdmodellerna som lämpade sig bäst. Kostnadsestimeringen visade på att konventionell vård är billigare än hemsjukvård. Dock påvisar en känslighetsanalys på att en minimal effektivisering för antalet hembesök per patient är tillräckligt för att hemsjukvården ska övergå till att vara det mest fördelaktiga alternativet ur ekonomisk synpunkt. Utöver detta visar en känslighetsanalys dessutom på att hemsjukvård är att preferera i fem fall utav sex, när de framtagna vikterna från ”Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process” varieras. I detta preferenssystem viktas både kostnaden samt egenskaperna som utgör vårdkvalitet för att summeras till en övergripande allomfattande prioriteringslista av de båda vårdalternativen.  Huvudprocesskartor över de båda vårdmodellerna framställdes för att hitta betydliga kostnadsparametrar för de båda vårdmodellerna. Framställningen av huvudprocesskartorna utfördes genom att studera likande processkartor för att sammanställa två fullständiga övergripande processkartor. Dock hittades inga betydliga kostnadsparametrar när processkartorna studerades, men finns ändå med i studien för att visa läsaren en övergriplig skillnad mellan de två modellerna. Studien visar på att hemsjukvård vanligtvis är dyrare än vård på plats, men att hemsjukvård ur kvalitetssynpunkt är att föredra framför konventionell vård.

This diploma thesis is concerned with providing a construction proposal of a linear axis X for multifunctional machining center. Moreover, this work presents characterisations of machining centers, overview of manufacturers, list of main construction components used in the linear axis, their evaluation, assessment of various options for construction, which are then explained further. These detailed construction methods include calculations with the subsequent choice of feed system component. Ultimately, final evaluation of chosen option is provided as well. Another section of this thesis is also an economical assessment and 3D model alongside with mechanical drawing.