The climate is in a state of perpetual flux and we, the public, are constantly reminded of this fact via the latest environmental reports which are wholeheartedly discussed in the media. Communities experience 50-year-rainfalls more frequently than ever, leading to recurring flooding of streets and homes. And yet, progress on adapting to this ever-changing climate has been slow. When discussing climate adaptation, a widely accepted fact is that there exists an intrinsic inertia in the Swedish planning system which largely stems from a governmental path dependance, a general lack of willingness to focus on adaptation measures in favor of societal and economic growth, and inadequate knowledge and communication of climate-related issues within the governing body. The aim of this study is to identify what kind of climate adaption measures are implemented in two Swedish municipalities, and to ascertain whether there is any merit to the use of the term adaptive barriers, which supposedly hinder the implementation of other climate adaptation measures. With respect to climate adaptation, theories regarding contextual vulnerability and adaptive capacity, among others, will be applied to the Swedish planning system with a focus on municipal planning documents via a qualitative research approach. To answer questions regarding barriers to adaptation within the municipal organization, and to strengthen the validity of the study, two semi-structured interviews with relevant authorities on climate adaptation have been conducted. This study finds that there has been some progress in later years regarding the implementation of climate adaptation measures in municipal planning, but that organizational barriers still fundamentally impede efficient implementation of some adaptation measures.

Um dos problemas ambientais com que nos deparamos está ligado à gestão dos resíduos sólidos oriundos das atividades humanas, seja na forma de disposição, no volume na geração, e na ineficiência na reutilização e reciclagem destes. A gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos pauta-se como importante instrumento para que se caminhe em direção a um modelo de sociedade menos agressivo com o meio ambiente. Para buscar esta forma de gestão, no Brasil, a Lei nº 12.305/2010 institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Partindo deste contexto, tem-se como foco os Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos - PMGIRS. O trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a situação dos processos de elaboração dos PMGIRS nos municípios da Bacia Hidrográfica Tietê-Jacaré (UGRHI-13). É apresentada uma proposta de avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa dos PMGIRS, visando o cumprimento destes perante à PNRS. Chegou-se em um resultado de que 62% dos municípios afirmam possuir PMGIRS; 9% não possuem; e 29% estão em processo de elaboração. A UGRHI-13 conta com 34 municípios, destes, vinte e um (21) municípios afirmam ter PMGIRS, porém após a avaliação destes, verificou-se que três efetivamente não o tem. Logo, o número de municípios que possuem o PMGIRS é dezoito (18), ou seja, 53% dos municípios da UGRHI-13. Consequentemente, 47% dos municípios não possuem o Plano. Nove (9) cumprem menos que 75% dos requisitos mínimos da PNRS. Apenas dois (2) dos dezoito (18) municípios que efetivamente possuem PMGIRS cumprem em 100% os requisitos mínimos. O cenário positivo para a gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos municipais vem evoluindo, porém ainda enfrenta uma série de obstáculos relacionados à falta e inconsistência de informação e falta de capacitação técnica dos gestores públicos. / One of the environmental problems we face is related to the management of solid waste from human activities, whether in the form of disposal, volume in generation, and inefficiency in their reuse and recycling. Integrated solid waste management is an important instrument for moving towards a less aggressive model of society with the environment. In order to seek this form of management, in Brazil, Law nº. 12,305/2010 establishes the National Policy on Solid Waste. Starting from this context, we focus on the Municipal Plans of Integrated Management of Solid Waste - PMGIRS. The objective of this study is to evaluate the situation of the PMGIRS elaboration processes in the municipalities of the Tietê-Jacaré Hydrographic Basin (UGRHI-13). A proposal for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the PMGIRS is presented, with a view to their compliance with the PNRS. It was found that 62% of municipalities claim PMGIRS; 9% do not have; And 29% are in the process of being drawn up. The UGRHI-13 counts with 34 municipalities, of which twenty one (21) municipalities claim to have PMGIRS, but after evaluating them, it was verified that three do not have it. Therefore, the number of municipalities that have the PMGIRS is eighteen (18), or 53% of the municipalities of the UGRHI-13. Consequently, 47% of municipalities do not have the Plan. Nine (9) meet less than 75% of the minimum PNRS requirements. Only two (2) of the eighteen (18) municipalities that effectively have PMGIRS meet the minimum requirements at 100%. The positive scenario for the integrated management of solid municipal waste has been evolving, but it still faces a series of obstacles related to lack and inconsistency of information and lack of technical capacity of public managers.

Este trabalho levanta as interfaces entre o planejamento municipal e as estratégias de desenvolvimento do aglomerado produtivo local (APL); tendo como estudo de caso o município de Tambaú em São Paulo e o seu APL de cerâmica vermelha, no período de 2003 a 2008. Nesta dissertação apresenta-se: o estudo das diferentes abordagens de aglomerações industriais produtivas, suas contribuições e pontos em comum; o conceito de Arranjo Produtivo Local, suas características essenciais, bem como suas diferenças com outros conceitos que tratam do tema; as diretrizes para a atuação em APLs do Governo Federal brasileiro e do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, como também do Sebrae e da Fiesp; análise do município de Tambaú; as delimitações físico-territorial, político administrativa e por bacias hidrográficas; processo de ocupação e desenvolvimento e a infra-estrutura tambauense; o setor de cerâmica vermelha no Brasil e a sua inserção na cadeia produtiva da construção civil; a caracterização do pólo ceramista tambauense; o processo de implementação da metodologia Fiesp no APL de cerâmica vermelha de Tambaú; os resultados averiguados; questões fundamentais na política urbana brasileira na atualidade; as diretrizes de desenvolvimento do Plano Diretor Municipal de Tambaú; os elementos estruturantes do planejamento do APL de cerâmica vermelha de Tambaú; e por fim, as interfaces entre o Plano Diretor Municipal e o Planejamento do APL de cerâmica vermelha de Tambaú. / The present work intends to set out the connections between municipal planning and development strategies for local productive arrangements (LPA), having studied the case of the town of Tambaú, in São Paulo, and its ceramic LPA, between 2003 and 2008. This dissertation presents: the study of the different approaches to the concept of productive industrial agglomeration, their contributions and common elements; the concept of LPA, its main characteristics, and the differences with other similar concepts; the operational guidelines for LPAs issued by the Brazilian federal government and the state of Sao Paulo´s regional government, and also by SEBRAE (Brazilian agency that gives support to micro and small enterprises) and FIESP (Federation that brings together the industries of the state of Sao Paulo); analysis of the town of Tambaú, center-east of Sao Paulo; geologic, geographic, politic and administrative delimitations; the process of the town´s occupation, development, and infrastructure; the ceramic sector in Brazil and its role in the production line of the Brazilian construction industry; the characteristics of Tambaú´s industrial district; the outcome of the implementation of FIESP´s methodology on the ceramic LPA; key questions in today´s Brazilian urban policy; development guidelines in Tambaú´s Master Plan; structural elements in Tambaú´s ceramic LPA; and, the connections between the town´s Master Plan and the plan for Tambaú´s ceramic LPA.

Este trabalho levanta as interfaces entre o planejamento municipal e as estratégias de desenvolvimento do aglomerado produtivo local (APL); tendo como estudo de caso o município de Tambaú em São Paulo e o seu APL de cerâmica vermelha, no período de 2003 a 2008. Nesta dissertação apresenta-se: o estudo das diferentes abordagens de aglomerações industriais produtivas, suas contribuições e pontos em comum; o conceito de Arranjo Produtivo Local, suas características essenciais, bem como suas diferenças com outros conceitos que tratam do tema; as diretrizes para a atuação em APLs do Governo Federal brasileiro e do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, como também do Sebrae e da Fiesp; análise do município de Tambaú; as delimitações físico-territorial, político administrativa e por bacias hidrográficas; processo de ocupação e desenvolvimento e a infra-estrutura tambauense; o setor de cerâmica vermelha no Brasil e a sua inserção na cadeia produtiva da construção civil; a caracterização do pólo ceramista tambauense; o processo de implementação da metodologia Fiesp no APL de cerâmica vermelha de Tambaú; os resultados averiguados; questões fundamentais na política urbana brasileira na atualidade; as diretrizes de desenvolvimento do Plano Diretor Municipal de Tambaú; os elementos estruturantes do planejamento do APL de cerâmica vermelha de Tambaú; e por fim, as interfaces entre o Plano Diretor Municipal e o Planejamento do APL de cerâmica vermelha de Tambaú. / The present work intends to set out the connections between municipal planning and development strategies for local productive arrangements (LPA), having studied the case of the town of Tambaú, in São Paulo, and its ceramic LPA, between 2003 and 2008. This dissertation presents: the study of the different approaches to the concept of productive industrial agglomeration, their contributions and common elements; the concept of LPA, its main characteristics, and the differences with other similar concepts; the operational guidelines for LPAs issued by the Brazilian federal government and the state of Sao Paulo´s regional government, and also by SEBRAE (Brazilian agency that gives support to micro and small enterprises) and FIESP (Federation that brings together the industries of the state of Sao Paulo); analysis of the town of Tambaú, center-east of Sao Paulo; geologic, geographic, politic and administrative delimitations; the process of the town´s occupation, development, and infrastructure; the ceramic sector in Brazil and its role in the production line of the Brazilian construction industry; the characteristics of Tambaú´s industrial district; the outcome of the implementation of FIESP´s methodology on the ceramic LPA; key questions in today´s Brazilian urban policy; development guidelines in Tambaú´s Master Plan; structural elements in Tambaú´s ceramic LPA; and, the connections between the town´s Master Plan and the plan for Tambaú´s ceramic LPA.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / The purpose of this qualitative research was to investigate the effects of migration on municipal planning using the case of the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality in the Limpopo Province. The research derives its origin from the notion that municipal planning, which does not consider population dynamics, is incomplete. Municipalities in South Africa are mandated to provide services to community members within their jurisdiction with limited available resources. To achieve this municipalities are expected to develop plans, referred to as Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). The IDPs are informed by various aspects for their completeness, namely: alignment with the national development perspective and consideration of population dynamics. The research was designed to explore the experience and understanding of municipal officials who are responsible for planning activities in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality and the manner in which migration affects such municipal planning. This qualitative research employed a phenomenological method as the most appropriate to capture the perspective, understanding and experiences of individuals who were differently involved in migration and municipal planning processes. The research revealed how migration affects planning within municipal invironment in South Africa by using the experiences of municipal officials who are involved in planning activities in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality. Among others,the research revealed the following findings, namely; (1) Migration in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality is caused by several factors such job opportunities in the mines, better services in towns and townships among others,(2) the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality does not consider migration during community consultation processes, needs prioritisation and resource allocation, (3) the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality does not have effectivemigration data management system, (4) there is a lack of co-operation between the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality with otherspheres of government which are responsible for migration management, (5) Powers and functions delegated to the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality inhibit migration management and municipal planning and (6)there is sufficient legislative framework regulating migration management and inter-governmental relations in South Africa, however there is no implementation of such legislative framework by government officials. iii The overall experience of participants with regard to migration and municipal planning generally confirms findings of previous researches (Blase & Landau, 2014; Hofisi, 2014; Netswera & Phago, 2011) who for example, argue that migration is not taken into consideration during municipal decision making processes, need prioritisation and resource allocation. However, unlike the findings in previous researches (Friedementle & Misago, 2014; Mpehle, 2014) which highlight that municipal officials have negative attitudes towards migration this research revealed that municipal officials in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality appreciate migrants. Municipal officials interviewed in this research appreciate migration and the challenges it poses to the municipality. Furthermore, contrary to what some reports highlight, participants in this research did not experience xenophobic attacks in the area despite the high prevalence of migration. Participants recommended that more powers and functions such as provision of water, electricity, migration management and others should be devolved to local municipalities as the sphere closest to the people. Participants further recommended that a dedicated research unit be institutionalised within municipalities to collect data which will supplement those of Statistics South Africa, and that other spheres of government should co-operate and capacitate local municipalities. This qualitative research is significant because the data gathered were analysed to develop themes which provide insight into how migration affects municipal planning, which planners in municipal environment can learn from and apply. It also contributes to a growing body of scholarly work and provides a conduit for future studies concerning the central phenomena - migration and municipal planning. This is vital, given the increasing pressure exerted by migration on municipalities and their limited resources.

Abstract A predominant academic question is how and why the development paths of municipalities and regions take certain forms. In recent decades, geographers and economists in particular have investigated the dynamics of how local institutional conditions and their local mobilisation can affect development outcomes and how development is determined by “structural” forces such as state- and EU-based regulations and globalisation of the economy. Thus, the notion that historical sensitiveness and context-dependency are essential factors in local and regional development and growth has gained credence. Then again, municipalities and regions are not “islands” of development but integral parts of complex socio-spatial relations and processes. From this viewpoint, border municipalities and regions are eminently interesting research contexts as they are sites where different scalar political interests, institutional structures, and development discourses are continuously manifested, materialised and contested in the daily practices of local and regional actors. Nevertheless, this thesis argues that the existing mainstream studies investigating the development paths and prospects of border regions and municipalities are, firstly, overly EU-centric and, secondly, have an overly limited perspective on the institutional environment and legacy in which local and regional actors operate. The main attention in this regard has often been on the institutional differences between states and nationalities. In order to understand the development prospects of border areas and the preconditions of transnational regionalisation, municipal planning of border areas needs to be approached not only from the perspective of EU-driven cross-border co-operation and building of “transnational” scale, but more comprehensively. Accordingly, the present research on the Finnish-Swedish border area, which is an internal border area of the EU, takes a more historically and contextually sensitive institutional approach in this regard. Investigating the structural and discursive dynamics related to the institutionalisation of cross-border co-operation as a development strategy in the context of municipal planning enables not only identification of the conflicts and intersections between state-, EU- and local/regional-level development interests and institutional structures, but also provides room for recognising the diversity of the existing interests, strategies and motivations of local and regional actors and different interest groups involved in these institutionalisation processes. This thesis suggests that the concept of policy transfer and problematisation of the dynamics of how and why certain development strategies, policies and discourses become selected, implemented and sustained at the border municipalities offers a fruitful theoretical and political framework for examining the abovementioned issues. Accordingly, the thesis studies the intertwined relationship between local agency and the mobilisation of scalar institutional structures in regional planning and policy transfer processes by applying the Cultural Political Economy approach and strategic-relational theory on institutions (see Jessop & Sum 2013) as theoretical-methodological lenses. The thesis consists of three original research articles that form a scalar and temporal continuum. The empirical research is based on interviews conducted with key municipal and regional actors (i.e. planners, politicians, project managers and entrepreneurs), historical document material reaching back to the 1930s, as well as supplementary policy documents produced at various governmental levels. Both critical discourse analysis and content analysis are used as analysis methods. As the dynamics of municipal planning are reflected primarily against the formal institutional planning system in Finland, the study focuses on the Finnish side of the border — the Finnish Tornio Valley and the Kemi-Tornio sub-region. The results underline that the institutionalisation of cross-border co-operation as a key development strategy has been a long path-dependent process in which policy transfer processes and local mobilisation have become intertwined. While the “large-scale” development follows the Finnish national development — the transition from state-led, topdown politics to a more bottom-up, region-based development model — the investigation of these policy transfer processes also shows that the border location and the mobilisation of both the “border region identity” and the EU’s cross-border co-operation policy discourse have had a marked impact on the development path. Accordingly, they have furthered the development towards cross-border regionalisation. Moreover, border municipalities are challenging the state’s authority and the subordinated municipality-state relation by invoking this development. This development, however, is regionally contested and exemplifies the power relations both between municipalities with/without state border as well as between public and private sector actors. In the end, which development strategies become dominant or discarded in a particular context depends on how different actors and interest groups mobilise their privileged positions in relation to surrounding formal and informal institutional structures, such as municipal autonomy, EU cross-border cooperation funding schemes, trust relations, regional identity, and prevailing norms and customs. This research stands as an illustrative example that it is crucial not to consider these context-specific “soft” matters as somehow secondary to “rational” economic reasoning when investigating courses of action and economic development paths. / Original papers The original publications are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation. Jakola, F. (2016). Borders, planning and policy transfer: historical transformation of development discourses in the Finnish Torne Valley. European Planning Studies, 24(10), 1806–1824. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2016.1194808 http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfi-fe2019102434646 Jakola, F. (2018). Local responses to state-led municipal reform in the Finnish-Swedish border region: conflicting development discourses, culture and institutions. Fennia - International Journal of Geography, 196(2), 137–153. https://doi.org/10.11143/fennia.69890 http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfi-fe201903088103 Jakola, F., & Prokkola, E.-K. (2017). Trust Building or Vested Interest? Social Capital Processes of Cross-Border Co-Operation in the Border Towns of Tornio and Haparanda. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 109(2), 224–238. https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12279 http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfi-fe2019102434644

Denna uppsats behandlar kommunal samhällsplanering, med fokus på handelsetableringar. Uppsatsen tar avstamp i den utveckling med externalisering och koncentration av detaljhandeln som pågått under de senaste decennierna. Denna utveckling är såväl lokal som regional och har inneburit att detaljhandeln koncentrerats till centralorternas stadskärnor och externa stormarknader. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilken aktör som bestämmer över denna utveckling. De aktörer som undersöks är dagligvaruhandeln och samt kommuner. Från dessa aktörer intervjuas ett antal informanter: etableringschefer på Axfood, Coop och Ica, samt kommunalråd och kommuntjänstemän från Borlänge, Säter och Örnsköldsviks kommuner. Dessutom intervjuas ett antal personer från en lokal intresseförening i Husum. Materialet visar att dagligvaruföretagen är aktiva och trendsättare, medan kommunerna är relativt passiva och försöker klara sig så bra som möjligt utifrån sina förutsättningar. I slutändan finner uppsatsen att det är handeln snarare än kommunerna som bestämmer över utvecklingen med externalisering och koncentration av handel. Detta aktualiserar bland annat frågan om framtida samarbete över kommungränserna i detaljhandelsfrågor kan bli nödvändigt. / This paper deals with municipal planning, with special focus on retail localisation issues. The paper takes its inspiration from the process of externalising and concentration that has characterised the past few decades of the retail industry. This development is both local and regional, and has meant that retailers have concentrated their localisations to the important city centers and out-of-town shopping centres. The purpose of this paper is to explore which agent that controls this development. The agents examined are the retail grocery industry and municipalities. From these agents a few people are interviewed: managers at Axfood, Coop and ICA, as well as municipal politicians and officials from Borlänge, Säter and Örnsköldsvik municipalities. Furthermore, a number of people from a local interest group in Husum are interviewed. The material shows that retail grocery companies are active and trendsetting, while the municipalities are relatively passive and trying to cope as well as possible based on their current situations. In the end, the paper finds that retail rather than the municipalities are in charge of the process of externalisation and concentration. Amongst other things, this raises the question of whether future cooperation in retail policy may be necessary across municipal borders.

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) was incorporated into the Swedish legislation in 2004 through the ordinance Förordningen om förvaltningenav kvaliteten på vattenmiljön (SFS 2004:660). The objective is that all water bodies shall reach a good status by the year 2015. In Sweden the comprehensive plans of the municipalities can play a large role in reaching these goals. A comprehensive plan deals with the long term water and land use of the municipality, which can facilitate an early consideration of water management in the planning process of the municipality. In Sweden five river basin districts have been established in accordance with the Water Framework Directive. The focus of this study is on the Northern Baltic Sea river basin district. Action strategies have been created for each river basin district, dictating what measures the authorities, among them the municipalities, need to take. The purpose with this study is to find out to what extent the municipalities have taken the action strategies regarding the Northern Baltic Sea river basin and the water quality standards set in Förordningen om förvaltningen av kvaliteten på vattenmiljön (SFS 2004:660) into account when working with their comprehensive plans. The study also sheds light on the municipalities’ view on the demands made on them and what actions can facilitate the working process. The study was made in three parts; a survey, literature studies and interviews. An overall study of all the municipalities in the county of Stockholm was made and three were selected for an in-depth study. The results of the study show that the demands on the municipalities have not been met due to lack of knowledge. The municipalities are aware of the existence of the Water Framework Directive but find it hard to interpret the environmental quality standards and the action strategies. The municipalities wish for a clearer legal definition of the environmental quality standards and a better definition of how the implementation of the action strategies can be made. The municipalities are asking for a clarification of the demands they can make on other organizations and of the demands made on them by the county boards and the River Basin District Authorities.

Minskning av transporters negativa miljöpåverkan, eller en ökning av hållbara resor, har blivit en allt viktigare fråga för lokala aktörer. Genom samhälls- och trafikplanering ska dagens ohållbara transportsystem bli mer hållbart. Det gör hur planerare i Helsingborg planerar för hållbara resor intressant att studera. Avhandlingen undersöker hur planerare föreställer sig vad hållbart resande är, vilka resenärer det är som bör resa mer hållbart samt hur en hållbar stad kan se ut. Teoretiskt kombinerar avhandlingen ett intersektionellt ramverk med feministisk planeringsteori samt teorier från STS (teknik- och vetenskapsstudier). Det empiriska materialet består av djupintervjuer med sexton planerare, en fokusgruppsintervju samt bildanalys av de planeringsdokument som Helsingborgs stad använder sig av i planeringen för hållbara resor. Framförallt visar avhandlingen att planerare inte betraktar resors negativa miljöpåverkan som ett argument som kan få människor att resa mer hållbart. Istället är det möjligheten att framställa hållbara resor som roliga, hälsosamma, lustfyllda och praktiska som planerare tror kan få helsingborgarna att cykla eller åka mer buss. Men det är bara vissa resenärer som antas kunna ta del av de hållbara resornas positiva värden. Planerarnas föreställningar om bland annat kön, etnicitet och klass är avgörande för hur de förstår hållbara resor. Planerarna menar sammanfattningsvis att det är stort att resa rätt av miljöskäl, men större att fritt välja det mest attraktiva färdsättet. / Demands for sustainable mobility have become an increasingly important issue for local actors. Through city and traffic planning, the current unsustainable transport systems are going to become more sustainable. However, how to define sustainable mobility is disputed. Therefore, how planners in the Swedish municipality of Helsingborg define sustainable mobility makes an interesting case. This thesis examines how planners imagine sustainable mobility, who the sustainable traveler is, and what a sustainable city might look like. Theoretically the thesis combines an intersectional framework with a feminist planning theory and theories from Science and Technology Studies. The empirical material is based on in-depth interviews with sixteen planners, a focus group interview, and visual analyses of the planning documents the city of Helsingborg uses in planning for sustainable mobility. The analyses show that planners do not see the negative environmental impact of traveling as an argument which will persuade people to travel more sustainably. Instead, it is the possibility to construct sustainable mobility as fun, healthy, pleasurable, and practical that planners believe will persuade the inhabitants of Helsingborg to cycle or travel by bus more often. But not all travelers are likely to benefit from the positive values of sustainable mobility. To conclude, when planners imagine sustainable mobility, they imagine that it is good to travel the correct way for environmental reasons, but it is even greater to make independent travel choices, based on what modes of transport attract the most people. / <p>I denna elektroniska version av avhandlingen är bilderna i bilaga 2 uteslutna på grund av upphovsrättsliga skäl.</p>

Bakgrunn:Kommunal planlegging setter viktige premisser for befolkningens personlige valg og mangel på valg. Godt planlagte lokalsamfunn kan være med på å motivere folk til en mer aktiv hverdag. Hensikt: Hva er kommuneplanleggeres syn på begreper som kommunehelsetjeneste/folkehelse. Og hvilke innspill opplever de selv som mest relevante i planlegging? Metode: 14 kommuneplanleggere har svart på utsendte spørreskjemaer, og 6 kommuneplanleggere i 3 kommunerhar blitt intervjuet. Svarene har blitt behandlet med kvalitativ metode, (innholdsanalysen). Resultat: Fysiske forhold som støyreduksjon, sikreskoleveier,gang-og sykkelstier, ble nevnt av mange informanter, enkelte nevnte også begreper som estetikktrivselog tilhørighetl som relevante i kommuneplanlegging. Konklusjon:Mer intersektorielt samarbeid mellom planleggere og helsetjeneste kan medføre en felles forståelse av utfordringene knyttet til helsefremmende planlegging / Background: Municipal planning sets important conditions for a population's personal choices and lack of choices. Well-planned communities can help motivate people to adopt a more activedailylifestyle. Purpose: This thesis aimed to illuminate city planners’ viewof concepts such as community and public health. It also sought to identify city planners’ most relevant experience. Method:Fourteen municipal planners responded to 20 questionnaires, and six municipal planners in three municipalities participated in interviews.I used content analysis to evaluate all responses. Results:Many respondents mentioned the value of physical improvements, such asreduced sound levels,more cycle paths,and safe pedestrian walkways. Other suggestions includedimproving the visual quality of our surroundings, well-being, and affiliating with relevant factorsin urban planning. Conclusion:Multidisciplinary cooperation between planners and health sectors couldcontribute to a common understanding of the challenges connected to municipal planning for health promotion / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-68-3</p>