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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Detection of the halogenating activity of heme peroxidases in leukocytes by aminophenyl fluorescein

Flemmig, Jörg, Remmler, Johannes, Zschaler, Josefin, Arnhold, Jürgen January 2015 (has links)
The formation of hypochlorous and hypobromous acids by heme peroxidases is a key property of certain immune cells. These products are not only involved in defense against pathogenic microorganisms and in regulation of inflammatory processes, but contribute also to tissue damage in certain pathologies. After a short introduction about experimental approaches for the assessment of the halogenating activity in vitro and in cell suspensions, we are focusing on novel applications of fluorescent dye systems to detect the formation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in leukocytes. Special attention is directed to properties and applications of the non-fluorescent dye aminophenyl fluorescein that is converted by HOCl, HOBr, and other strong oxidants to fluorescein. This dye allows the detection of the halogenating activity in samples containing free myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase as well as in intact granulocytes using fluorescence spectroscopy and flow cytometry, respectively.
22

Antioxidant Properties of Several Therapeutical Molecules: Focus on the Myeloperoxidase/Hydrogen Peroxide/Chloride System / Contribution à l'Etude du Pouvoir Antioxydant de Divers Agents d'Intérêt Thérapeutique: Ciblage du Système Myéloperoxydase/Peroxyde d'hydrogène/Chlorure

Van Antwerpen, Pierre 22 June 2006 (has links)
<p align="justify">The production of reactive oxygen species is strictly kept under control in the Human body. However, several conditions are characterized by the over-production or the uncontrolled production of these species, promoting damage to the host tissue. Among oxygen species producer, the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system is a key element. This the consequence of the large quantity of myeloperoxidase found in neutrophils and that can be released rapidly during an inflammatory process. Moreover, hypochlorous acid, synthesized by this system, is a powerful oxidant.</p> <p align="justify">We have studied the impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (oxicams, nimesulid and flufenamic acid) on three reactive oxygen species, namely, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid. The first results showed the weak antioxidant properties of these molecules and the necessity to focus on the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system. During the study of the myeloperoxidase inhibition, it appeared that flufenamic acid was an efficient inhibitor that modulated the hypochlorous acid production and was directly oxidized by the enzyme.</p> <p align="justify">Due to the efficacy of flufenamic acid, this molecule was tested in a model of myeloperoxidase-dependent low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and compared to thiol-containing molecules like N-AcetylCystein and its lysinate salt, glutathione and captopril. The results showed that flufenamic acid lost part of its inhibiting effect while thiol-containing molecules demonstrated an interesting inhibiting activity in this model. A potential explanation could be the ability of myeloperoxidase to bind lipoproteins, masking the entry of its catalytic pocket. In these conditions, the inhibitor size becomes a key parameter in the inhibition of the MPO-dependent low-density lipoprotein oxidation and N-AcetylCystein appears as a powerful inhibitor in this context. These results render N-AcetylCystein an excellent candidate for studies that focus on the reduction of cardiovascular pathology risk.</p> <br> <p align="justify">Le corps humain est le siège constant de la synthèse d’espèces oxygénées réactives dont la production contrôlée est indispensable au bon fonctionnement de l’organisme. Cependant dans de nombreuses pathologies, il arrive qu’une production exagérée et/ou incontrôlée de ces espèces aboutisse à des dégâts oxydatifs. Parmi les mécanismes de production d’espèces oxydantes, le système myéloperoxydase / peroxyde d’hydrogène / chlorure détient une place importante. Ceci est notamment la conséquence de la grande quantité de MPO présente dans les neutrophiles, pouvant être libérée très rapidement lors de l’inflammation. De plus l’acide l’hypochloreux synthétisé par ce système est un très bon oxydant.</p> <p align="justify">Nous avons étudié l’impact des anti-inflammatoires non-stéroïdiens (oxicams, nimésulide et acide flufénamique) sur trois espèces oxygénées réactives : le radical hydroxyle, le peroxyde d’hydrogène et l’acide hypochloreux. Les premiers résultats montrent le faible pouvoir anti-oxydant des molécules testées et la nécessité de concentrer notre recherche sur le système myéloperoxydase / peroxyde d’hydrogène / chlorure, responsable de la synthèse de l’acide hypochloreux. Lors de l’étude de l’inhibition de ce système, il est ressorti que l’acide flufénamique est un bon inhibiteur de la myéloperoxydase car il inhibe la synthèse de l’acide hypochloreux en étant directement oxydé par l’enzyme.</p> <p align="justify">En raison de l’efficacité de l’acide flufénamique, cette molécule a été testée dans un modèle d’oxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL) par le système myéloperoxydase / peroxyde d’hydrogène / chlorure en comparaison avec des thiols tels que la N-acétylcystéine et son sel de lysine, le glutathion et le captopril. Les résultats montrent une perte importante du pouvoir d’inhibition de l’acide flufénamique dans ce modèle alors que les thiols et la N-acétylcystéine en particulier, présentent une efficacité non négligeable. Ce phénomène pourrait être attribué à la capacité de la myéloperoxydase de se fixer sur les lipoprotéines, ce qui pourrait masquer l’entrée du site catalytique. Dans ces conditions, la taille de la molécule devient un facteur crucial dans l’inhibition de l’oxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité et la N-acétylcystéine apparaît dès lors comme un inhibiteur puissant dont les résultats en font un excellent candidat dans des études d’intervention visant la diminution du risque de pathologies cardiovasculaires chez certains patients.</p>
23

The Development of a Novel Multi-dimensional Product for Wound Healing Applications

Roach, Necrisha 05 May 2010 (has links)
A characteristic feature of chronic wounds is a prolonged inflammatory response as well as susceptibility to infection. Studies have shown that during the inflammatory response, there is a significant increase in the levels of neutrophil-derived enzymes. The purpose of this work was to determine whether the anionic macromolecule polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) and five of its salt forms, namely PSS-calcium, PSS-chlorhexidine, PSS-doxycycline, PSS-glutathione and PSS-silver are able to inhibit the activity of three of the enzymes whose levels are elevated in chronic wounds: elastase, cathepsin G and myeloperoxidase. In addition to the enzyme inhibition study, the various formulations’ antimicrobial properties were analyzed by evaluating their ability to inhibit the growth of three common clinical isolates: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii. It is worthy to note that the structure of PSS makes it a very flexible platform to which other molecules can be added in order to address a variety of “targets” as well as tailor quantitative strength. The results from this project showed that purified PSS and the various salt derivatives were able to inhibit elastase and cathepsin G activity. In addition, three of the therapeutic cations attached to PSS: silver, doxycycline and chlorhexidine retained their intrinsic antimicrobial properties without having an adverse effect on healthy tissue. In summary, this study demonstrated that PSS possessed an intrinsic ability to inhibit a number of proteases and that it could also be used as a delivery vehicle for other compounds with potential therapeutic value.
24

Atividade de mieloperoxidase e produção de oxigênio singlete em neutrófilos e células monocíticas / Activity of Myeloperoxidase and singlet oxygen production in neutrophils and monocytic cells

Cruz, Wilton Antonio da Silva 09 September 2010 (has links)
A enzima mieloperoxidase (MPO), presente em leucócitos da linhagem granulocítica e monocítica, tem papel fundamental na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO). Existem fortes evidências que alguns produtos gerados a partir de reações catalisadas por mieloperoxidase (MPO) tenham papel na sinalização celular. Dentre estes produtos, chama atenção o oxigênio singlete (1O2). Em fagócitos, esta ERO poderia participar tanto do processo de morte de patógenos, quanto da sinalização de eventos da inflamação. O nosso grupo de pesquisa trabalha com a hipótese de que a localização da MPO, e consequentemente, os sítios de produção de 1O2 definem a função da enzima e do 1O2. O interesse particular no 1O2 deve-se também ao fato de que sua detecção não é trivial e relativamente pouco é conhecido sobre sua produção por sistemas biológicos se comparado a outras EROs. Neste estudo trabalhamos com a questão da localização de MPO em neutrófilos e monócitos humanos e com a detecção de 1O2 através da utilização de sondas específicas. Nos experimentos realizados avaliamos a produção de 1O2 pela utilização da sonda 9,10 difenilantraceno (DPA) e também empregando o éster 9,10-antracenil-3-bispropionato de etila (ABPE) como captador de 1O2. Apesar da proposta de uso do DPA revestindo partículas a serem fagocitadas ter sido feita anteriormente (Garcia F., mestrado concluído em 2006) houve dificuldades na utilização desta técnica que foram reconsideradas neste trabalho. Com esta sonda também obtivemos imagens em microscopia confocal, através da fluorescência do DPA e perda desta fluorescência após reação com 1O2. As análises dos resultados com a microscopia confocal em neutrófilos confirmam que 1O2 está sendo realmente formado no fagolissosomo, quando as células são ativadas por partículas opsonizadas. Em monócitos também houve a possibilidade de utilizar DPA como sonda para 1O2. Neste caso observamos um decréscimo mais lento da fluorescência quando comparado com neutrófilos e também um apagamento mais difuso da sonda. Acreditamos que as diferenças observadas, na formação de 1O2, para neutrófilos e mononucleares em microscopia confocal podem ser devido a diferentes formas de compartimentalização da enzima nestes dois tipos celulares. É possível que isto tenha uma função biológica específica, uma vez que, 1O2 parece ser um importante sinalizador no processo inflamatório. Dado o interesse na detecção de 1O2 em células do sistema imune, também utilizamos uma nova sonda, o éster 9,10-antracenil-3-bispropionato de etila (ABPE). A detecção neste caso é feita pelo monitoramento de um endoperóxido por HPLC. Os resultados obtidos com essa nova sonda demonstram-se mais satisfatórios quando comparados ao DPA, permitindo uma melhor detecção da produção de 1O2 por fagócitos. / The enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), present in leukocytes of granulocytic and monocytic lineage, plays a fundamental role in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is strong evidence that some products generated from reactions catalyzed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) have a role in cell signaling. Among these products, calls attention singlet oxygen (1O2). In phagocytes, ROS could participate in this process both the death of pathogens, the signaling events of inflammation. Our research group works on the assumption that the location of the MPO, and consequently, the production sites to define the role of 1O2 and 1O2 enzyme. The particular interest in the 1O2 is also due to the fact that its detection is not trivial and relatively little is known about its production by biological systems compared to other ROS. In this study we worked with the question of localization of MPO in human neutrophils and monocytes and the detection of 1O2 by using specific probes. In the experiments we evaluated the production of 1O2 by use of a probe 9.10 difenilantraceno (DPA) and also using the 9.10-ester antracenil bispropionato-3-acid ethyl esters (ABPE) 1O2 as a pickup. Although the proposed use of the DPA coating particles to be phagocytized have been made previously (F. Garcia, MA completed in 2006) hove difficulties in using this technique have been reconsidered in this work. With this probe also obtained images in confocal microscopy, by fluorescence of DPA and loss of fluorescence after reaction with 1O2. The analysis of results with confocal microscopy confirmed that in neutrophils 1O2 is actually being formed in fagolissosomo, when cells are activated by opsonized particles. Monocytes were also able to use DPA as a probe to 1O2. In this case we observe a slower decrease in fluorescence when compared with neutrophils and also a more diffuse effacement of the probe. We believe that the observed differences in the formation of 1O2 for neutrophils and mononuclear cells in confocal microscopy may be due to different forms of compartmentalization of the enzyme in these two cell types. It is possible that this has a specific biological function, since, 1O2 seems to be an important sign in the inflammatory process. Given the interest in the detection of 1O2 cells of the immune system, also used a new probe, the 9.10-ester antracenil bispropionato-3-acid ethyl esters (ABPE). The detection in this case is made by an endoperoxide monitoring by HPLC. The results obtained with this new probe show is more satisfactory when compared to the DPA, allowing better detection of 1O2 production by phagocytes.
25

Implicações da variante da cadeia CD11b (rs1143679) do CR3 para a liberação da mieloperoxidase de neutrófilos humanos / Implications of the CD11b chain variant (rs1143679) of CR3 for the release of myeloperoxidase in human neutrophils

Lima Júnior, João Rodrigues 13 March 2015 (has links)
O neutrófilo é a célula predominante no sangue circulante e medeia as primeiras respostas da imunidade inata contra infecções, graças a sua capacidade de fagocitar e destruir patógenos. A mieloperoxidase (MPO) é a proteína mais abundante do neutrófilo e a sua potente atividade microbicida está relacionada à sua participação na geração de moléculas oxidantes capazes de degradar uma ampla variedade de estruturas biológicas. Contudo, à MPO também tem sido atribuído um papel deletério nos processos inflamatórios por mediar danos ao endotélio e amplificar a inflamação. A liberação da MPO do neutrófilo diretamente sobre o endotélio depende da interação célula-célula mediada pela integrina CD11b/CD18 (também conhecida como receptor do complemento tipo 3, CR3) expressa nos neutrófilos e pela molécula de adesão intercelular-1 (ICAM-1) no endotélio, sugerindo um papel importante para o CR3 em mediar o dano tecidual em condições inflamatórias crônicas. A cadeia CD11b (?M) do CR3 é codificada pelo gene ITGAM (Integrin Alpha M) e um polimorfismo devido à troca de um único nucleotídeo, G328A, resulta na substituição de uma arginina por uma histidina na posição 77 no domínio extracelular da molécula CD11b, levando à existência de duas variantes polimórficas (R77 e 77H). Este polimorfismo recebe o número de referência rs1143679. A variante 77H está associada à suscetibilidade ao lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), mas o comprometimento funcional desta variante ainda não é compreendido. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o polimorfismo da cadeia CD11b influencia o burst oxidativo dependente de MPO em neutrófilos humanos de indivíduos saudáveis. Os genótipos foram determinados por reação em cadeia da polimerase para identificação das variantes alélicas; os neutrófilos foram estimulados com zimosan opsonizado com soro humano normal; a expressão do CR3 foi avaliada por citometria de fluxo com anticorpo monoclonal específico; a avaliação da atividade da enzima MPO foi realizada através da quantificação indireta de seu produto, o ácido hipocloroso, pelo método da taurina-cloramina; o burst oxidativo foi medido por quimioluminescência (QL) dependente de luminol e de lucigenina. Não houve diferença estatística na atividade da MPO entre os grupos, contudo a presença da variante 77H nos neutrófilos mostrou uma menor liberação de MPO quando comparada aquela de neutrófilos com a variante R77. Esta diminuição da liberação da MPO não foi relacionada à diferença de expressão do CR3, uma vez que a análise da expressão do CR3 nos neutrófilos não mostrou diferenças entre os grupos. Nenhuma diferença foi observada na medida de QL. Levando-se em consideração as funções imunomodulatórias da MPO, dependentes e independentes da sua atividade catalítica, nas interações entre neutrófilo e endotélio mediadas pelo CR3, nosso resultado mostra a necessidade de investigar se pequenas diferenças entre a liberação de MPO por neutrófilos, expressando a variante 77H da cadeia CD11b, pode explicar a associação deste polimorfismo com a suscetibilidade ao LES e/ou outras doenças. / The neutrophils are the predominant cells in the circulating blood and mediates the first responses of innate immunity against infections, thanks to their ability to phagocyte and destroy pathogens. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the most abundant protein in the neutrophils and its potent microbicidal activity is related to its participation in the generation of oxidant molecules capable of degrading a wide variety of biological structures. However, the MPO has also been attributed a deleterious role in mediating inflammatory processes at endothelial damage and amplifying inflammation. The release of MPO from neutrophils depends directly on the endothelial cell-cell interaction mediated by the integrin CD11b / CD18 (also known as the complement receptor type 3, CR3) expressed in neutrophils and the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the endothelium, suggesting an important role for CR3 in mediating tissue damage in chronic inflammatory conditions. The CD11b chain (?M) of CR3 is encoded by the gene ITGAM (Integrin Alpha M) and a polymorphism due to the exchange of a single nucleotide, G328A, results in the substitution of an arginine by a histidine at position 77 in the extracellular domain of the CD11b molecule, leading to the existence of two polymorphic variants (R77 and 77H). This polymorphism receives the reference numeral rs1143679. The 77H variant is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the functional impairment of this variant is not yet understood. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the polymorphism of the CD11b chain influences the oxidative burst dependent MPO in human neutrophils from healthy individuals. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction to identify the allelic variants; neutrophils were stimulated with opsonized zymosan with normal human serum; of CR3 expression was assessed by flow cytometry with specific monoclonal antibody; evaluating the MPO enzyme activity was performed by indirect measurement of your product, hypochlorous acid, the method of taurine-chloramine; The oxidative burst was measured by chemiluminescence (Q) dependent luminol and lucigenin. There was no statistical difference in MPO activity between the groups, but the presence of the 77H variant in neutrophils showed a lower release of MPO compared that of neutrophils with the R77 variant. This reduction of MPO release was not related to the difference CR3 expression, since the analysis of CR3 expression on neutrophils showed no differences between groups. No difference was observed in the extent of QL. Taking into account the immunomodulatory functions of MPO-dependent and independent of its catalytic activity, interactions between neutrophils and the endothelium mediated CR3, our result shows the need to investigate whether small differences between the MPO release by neutrophils, expressing the variant 77H of the CD11b chain, may explain the association of this polymorphism with susceptibility to SLE and / or other diseases.
26

AVALIAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS LABORATORIAIS, PROTEÍNA C REATIVA E MIELOPEROXIDASE EM INDIVÍDUOS INFECTADOS PELO VÍRUS DA IMUNODEFICIÊNCIA HUMANA

Borato, Danielle Cristyane Kalva 17 June 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielleBorato.pdf: 790899 bytes, checksum: 01d3aff9b0911e734c31a2a00b5c7bdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-17 / Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Currently, most of these patients have access to antiretroviral drugs, which has decreasing the risk for AIDS and increasing life expectancy. Therefore, it is necessary a better monitoring of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, whose changes are often more common in individuals with HIV infection. It is considered important the laboratorial evaluation in patients infected with HIV, with or without development of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and the establishment of preventive health policies, through the monitoring of mortality and its risk factors. So, there is the necessity to set new trends in laboratory monitoring in patients infected with HIV, such as percentage of CD4+ T cells and early and sensitive biochemical indicators for the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, in order to diagnose life-threatening conditions of the individual, thus increasing the chance of success of treatments needed. Currently, there is growing interest in myeloperoxidase (MPO; 1.11.1.7) as a marker of cardiac risk because of the possibility of performing with high serum levels occurring in the biomolecules that are currently used for this purpose, such as ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). This study aimed to assess the levels of MPO levels in HIV-infected individuals, as a possible biomarker for early indication of cardiac risk, together with different laboratory tests for immune monitoring and evaluation of these patients. The results indicated, among others, differences in the percentages of CD4 + T lymphocytes obtained by different methodologies, which could cause conflict in clinical decisions related to treatment and care of people infected with HIV. In addition, there were significant differences in the values of ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and serum myeloperoxidase, suggesting their application as laboratory markers with predictive value for cardiovascular events in HIV-infected patients. / A doença cardiovascular aterosclerótica tem se tornado uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade entre indivíduos com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Atualmente, a maioria destes pacientes tem acesso aos medicamentos antiretrovirais, o que diminuiu o risco para a AIDS e elevou a expectativa de vida. Sendo assim, torna-se necessária uma melhor monitorização dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares tradicionais, cujas alterações são muitas vezes mais comuns em indivíduos com infecção pelo HIV. Considera-se importante a avaliação laboratorial em pacientes infectados pelo HIV, com ou sem desenvolvimento da Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) e o estabelecimento de políticas preventivas em saúde, por meio do monitoramento da morbimortalidade e seus fatores de risco. Há, portanto, a necessidade em se definir novas tendências no monitoramento laboratorial em pacientes infectados pelo HIV, tal como a avaliação percentual de células T CD4+ no monitoramento imunológico e indicadores bioquímicos sensíveis e precoces para o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, no sentido de se diagnosticar condições de risco de morte do indivíduo, elevando assim a chance de sucesso dos tratamentos necessários. Atualmente, observa-se o interesse crescente na mieloperoxidase (MPO; 1.11.1.7) como marcador do risco cardíaco, devido à possibilidade desta se apresentar com níveis séricos elevados precocemente em relação às biomoléculas utilizadas atualmente para tal fim, como a proteína C reativa ultrassensível (PCR-us). O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os níveis de MPO sérica em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV, como possível biomarcador para indicação precoce de risco cardíaco, em conjunto com diferentes exames laboratoriais para avaliação e o monitoramento imunológico destes pacientes. Os resultados obtidos indicaram, dentre outros, diferenças nos valores percentuais de linfócitos T Cd4+ obtidos por diferentes metodologias, o que poderia causar conflito nas decisões clínicas relacionadas ao tratamento e à assistência de pessoas infectadas pelo HIV. Além disso, observaram-se diferenças significativas nos valores de proteína C reativa ultrassensivel (PCR-us) e da mieloperoxidase sérica, sugerindo o uso como elemento laboratorial com valor preditivo de eventos cardiovasculares nos pacientes infectados pelo HIV.
27

PESQUISA DE MIELOPEROXIDASE E OUTROS MARCADORES LABORATORIAIS NOS DIFERENTES GRAUS DE OBESIDADE

Parabocz, Gisele Chibinski 18 February 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:13:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele C Parabocz.pdf: 1495859 bytes, checksum: 56f08069e8fd4cf1a7e0f79f60114e3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-18 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / Obesity has become epidemic in XXI century and it is estimated that there are about 1.4 billion overweight adults. The existing subclinical chronic inflammation in obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue, in addition to its energy function, has endocrine role through the secretion of adipokines. In obesity, adipocytes become dysfunctional, producing excess proinflammatory adipokines at the expense of anti-inflammatory. This inflammatory process is the link between obesity and atherogenesis. Thus, inflammation markers are potential targets for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme found primarily on neutrophils, participates on innate defense mechanisms of the body through the production of oxidizing species that have antimicrobial activity. However, these oxidants and MPO act in events that feature key role in atherogenesis, such as oxidation of LDL-cholesterol, consumption of nitric oxide and activation of proteases. Therefore, the MPO has become subject of research and many studies have shown its value as predictor of cardiac risk in certain situations. However, its usage is not yet standardized and its benchmark values are not well established for laboratory diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of MPO and other biomarkers in different Body Mass Index (BMI) ranges. The results indicated significant differences between the groups in the following parameters: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides/HDL rate, HDL/LDL rate and white blood cells count. Elevated levels of hs-CRP were observed in the groups with obese individuals, but no significant changes were observed to serum MPO. Therefore, serum levels of MPO did not provide information on clinically significant laboratory differentiation of groups. / A obesidade tornou-se a epidemia do século XXI, estimando-se a existência de 1,4 bilhão de adultos com excesso de peso. A inflamação crônica subclínica existente na obesidade é associada com o aumento do risco de doenças cardiovasculares. O tecido adiposo, além de sua função energética, possui papel endócrino por meio da secreção das adipocinas. Na obesidade, os adipócitos tornam-se disfuncionais, produzindo, em excesso, adipocinas pró-inflamatórias, em detrimento das anti-inflamatórias. O desencadeamento do processo inflamatório é a ligação entre a obesidade e a aterogênese. Desta forma, marcadores de inflamação são alvos em potencial para a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da aterosclerose. A mieloperoxidase (MPO) é uma enzima presente principalmente em neutrófilos, participante dos mecanismos de defesa inata do organismo, através da produção de espécies oxidantes que possuem atividade antimicrobiana. Contudo, os oxidantes originados e a própria MPO participam de eventos que apresentam papel fundamental na aterogênese, tais como oxidação do LDL-colesterol, consumo de óxido nítrico e ativação de proteases. Destarte, a MPO tornou-se objeto de pesquisa e muitos estudos demonstram seu poder preditor de risco cardíaco em determinadas situações. Não obstante, seu uso ainda não está padronizado e os valores referenciais não estão bem estabelecidos para o diagnóstico laboratorial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os níveis de MPO e outros biomarcadores em indivíduos com diferentes faixas de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Os resultados obtidos indicaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos nos seguintes parâmetros: pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, HDL colesterol, taxa triglicerídeos/HDL, taxa HDL/LDL e contagem de leucócitos. Níveis elevados de PCR-us foram observados nos grupos com indivíduos obesos, porém não se constataram alterações significativas para a MPO. Portanto, os níveis séricos de MPO não forneceram informações laboratoriais clinicamente significativas na diferenciação dos grupos estudados.
28

PESQUISA DE MIELOPEROXIDASE E OUTROS MARCADORES LABORATORIAIS NA GESTAÇÃO

Ribas, Josilaine Tonin 24 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:13:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSILAINE TONIN RIBAS.pdf: 1837470 bytes, checksum: be68534292ab10fcde99fb22913162f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / During pregnancy, some physiological changes occur in women, mostly lipid changes and development of insulin resistance. Probably, these changes are associated with increased hepatic effect of estradiol, progesterone and placental lactogen during this period, because progestins are known to alter the profile of LDL cholesterol and decrease the activity of hepatic lipase. The occurrence of such changes can indicate increased risk in these women, in developing atherogenic diseases in the future. Furthermore, this population also noted an increase in the number of neutrophils and monocytes into the peripheral circulation, especially of women with preeclampsia which has the consequence that the production and secretion mechanism of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Thus, it becomes important to investigate metabolic and inflammatory changes which occur during pregnancy, to assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of future cardiovascular disease in these individuals and myeloperoxidase can be studied as a novel biomarker associated with cardiovascular risk and occurrence of oxidative stress. Addition of serum MPO, the determination of the total antioxidant capacity and identification of other laboratory abnormalities, such as markers of inflammation (CRP, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and leukocytes) for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of possible future cardiac events or markers such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glucose to identify the occurrence of gestational diabetes, are useful in assessing the quality of life of the pregnant woman and the developing fetus. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical and immunological for correlation with cardiovascular risk in pregnant women each trimester parameters. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, serum total antioxidant capacity (ABTS), compared ABTS/albumin, total protein, acid uric: results statistically different between the control (non-pregnant) and pregnant women (first, second and third quarter) the following parameters were obtained acid uric and leukocytes. Elevated levels of CRP between groups of pregnant women, which qualifies as a useful parameter for laboratory monitoring of pregnancy, were observed. However, no significant changes in MPO levels, which thus appears to be a suitable for risk prediction of cardiovascular disease in pregnant women were observed marker. / No período gestacional, algumas mudanças fisiológicas ocorrem nas mulheres, principalmente alterações lipídicas e desenvolvimento de resistência à insulina. Provavelmente, tais alterações estão associadas ao aumento do efeito hepático da progesterona, estradiol e lactogênio placentário nesse período, pois os progestogênios são conhecidos por alterar o perfil de colesterol LDL e diminuir a atividade da lipase hepática. A ocorrência de tais alterações pode indicar probabilidade aumentada, nestas mulheres, em desenvolver doenças aterogênicas no futuro. Além disso, nessa população, nota-se também um aumento do número de neutrófilos e monócitos para a circulação periférica, principalmente das mulheres com préeclâmpsia, que tem como consequência desse mecanismo a produção e secreção da mieloperoxidase (MPO). Assim, torna-se importante investigar quais alterações metabólicas e inflamatórias ocorrem na gestação, para auxiliar no diagnóstico e prognóstico de doenças cardiovasculares futuras nesses indivíduos e se a mieloperoxidase pode ser estudada como um novo biomarcador relacionado ao risco cardiovascular e ocorrência de estresse oxidativo. Além da MPO sérica, a determinação da capacidade total antioxidante e identificação de outras alterações laboratoriais, tais como marcadores de inflamação (PCR-us, alfa-1-glicoproteína ácida e leucócitos) para a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de possíveis eventos cardíacos futuros ou marcadores como hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) e glicose que identifiquem ocorrência de diabetes gestacional, são úteis na avaliação da qualidade de vida da gestante e do desenvolvimento fetal. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros bioquímicos e imunológicos para a correlação com risco cardiovascular em gestantes a cada trimestre de gestação. Foram obtidos resultados estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos controle (não gestante) e gestantes (primeiro, segundo e terceiro trimestre) nos seguintes parâmetros: colesterol total, triglicerídeos, capacidade antioxidante total no soro (ABTS), relação ABTS/albumina, proteínas totais, acido úrico e leucócitos. Foram observados níveis elevados de PCR-us entre os grupos de gestantes, o que a qualifica como parâmetro útil no acompanhamento laboratorial da gestação. Entretanto, não foram observadas alterações significativas nos níveis de MPO, que desta forma, parece não ser um marcador apropriado para a predição de risco de doença cardiovascular em mulheres grávidas.
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Apolipoprotein L3 and Myeloperoxidase interfere with the angiogenic process via regulation of MAPK and Akt pathways

Khalil, Alia 21 November 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Endothelial dysfunction is a broad term which implies alteration of the overall functions of endothelial cells, including impairment of the barrier functions, vasodilation, and disturbances in proliferative and angiogenic capacities, migratory as well as tube formation, and deterrence of leukocyte transmigration. Such a dysfunction is triggered by pro-inflammatory stimuli and has been associated to several pathological conditions including atherosclerosis. Myeloperoxidase is a heme peroxidase secreted by activated neutrophils at site of inflammation near blood vessels and plays an important role in the initiation of atherosclerotic plaque by interfering with endothelial function. ApoLs represent a family of newly discovered apolipoproteins with yet unrevealed function, but predicted to be involved in inflammatory processes and cell death mechanisms. We aimed to study the expression of ApoLs as well as Myeloperoxidase in endothelial cells and their possible contribution to endothelial dysfunction. We performed RNA sequencing on MPO-treated endothelial cells and found that most of the induced genes are related to angiogenesis and blood vessel morphogenesis mechanisms. MPO treatment resulted in intracellular MPO localization and mimicked the effects of VEGF on several signal transduction pathways, such as Akt, Erk and Fak involved in angiogenesis. Accordingly MPO, independently of its enzymatic activity, stimulated cellular proliferation, migration and tubules formation by endothelial cells. RNA interference also pointed at a role of endogenous MPO in tubulogenesis and endothelium wound repair in vitro.On the other hand, ApoL3 among other family members was shown to be a downstream responsive gene to MPO, VEGF and FGF treatment. ApoL3 invalidation reduces tubules formation in MPO and VEGF-induced angiogenesis and wound repair in vitro. Accordingly, pro-angiogenic signaling pathways (Erk1/2 and FAK but not Akt) and some pro-angiogenic genes were partially inhibited in ApoL3 Knock out cells. These findings uncover for the first time an important and unsuspected role for ApoL3 and MPO as drivers of angiogenesis. / Le dysfonctionnement endothélial est un terme qui désigne un dérèglement général de la fonction endothéliale, caractérisé par des perturbations de l’intégrité membranaire, de la croissance endothéliale, du rôle anti-inflammatoire ;anti-coagulant, ainsi que leur propriété angiogenique principalement la migration endothéliale et la formation des structures tubulaires. Cette condition patho-physiologique pourrait être déclenchée par des stimuli pro-inflammatoire et elle est souvent associée à l’athérosclérose. La myéloperoxydase est une enzyme secrétee par les neutrophiles et contribue à la formation de la plaque d’athérome. Une nouvelle famille de protéines, les apolipoprotéines L, susceptibles d'intervenir dans le processus inflammatoire est bien exprimée dans les cellules endothéliales. Néanmoins, aucune fonction ne lui a été attribuée jusqu’à présent dans ce type cellulaire.dans le cadre de ce travail, Nous nous sommes intéressés à étudier l’implication des ApoLs ainsi que la Myeloperoxydase dans la dysfonction endothéliale. L’analyse du transcriptome des cellules traitées avec la MPO a montré que lamajorité des génes induits contrôlent le processus angiogenique. La myeloperoxidase stimule la proliferation,migration et la tubulogenese des cellules endotheliales. Cet effet est médié par l’activation des cascades (ERK1/2, Akt et FAK) et des genes pro-angiogeniques. Tandis que la suppression de l’expression de la MPO endogène entraine l’inhibition de la capacité des cellules à migrer et de former des tubes.D’autre part, l’invalidation de l’ApoL3 inhibe la migration cellulaire et la tubulogenése dépendente de la MPO et le VEGF. Sur le plan mécanistique, ces altérations phénotypiques sont les conséquences d’une part, une baisse de phosphorylation des kinases Erk1/2 et FAk (mais pas Akt) et d’autre part de la réduction du taux d’expression des gènes pro-angiogeniques dans les cellules ApoL3 Knock out stimulées par la MPO et le VEGF. ce résultat nous permet de définir l’ApoL3 et la MPO en tant que nouvels acteurs dans le processus angiogenique. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Oxidação de melatonina catalisada por mieloperoxidase em neutrófilos ativados / Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of melatonin by activated neutrophils

Silva, Sueli de Oliveira 20 April 2001 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta dados relativos a oxidação de melatonina catalisada por peroxidase de rábano (HRP, horseradish peroxidase) e mieloperoxidase (MPO). Em presença de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), HRP catalisa a oxidação de melatonina com formação de um produto de clivagem do anel indólico, a N1-acetil-N2-formil-5-metoxiquinuramina. Esta reação consome oxigênio e apresenta quimiluminescência na região de 440-540 nm. Quimiluminescência e a formação da quinuramina também foram observados quando HRP/H2O2 foram substituídos por neutrófilos ativados por acetato de forbol miristato ou zimosan opsonizado. Em neutrófilos, tanto a emissão de luz quanto a formação do produto foram inibidos pela adição de azida, um inibidor de MPO. Superóxido dismutase tem um forte efeito inibidor sobre a emissão de luz enquanto que catalase e ácido úrico não apresentam qualquer efeito. A oxidação de melatonina por neutrófilos ativados pode ser relevante in vivo e estar associada com algumas das funções descritas para mieloperoxidase e melatonina. A possível implicação biológica da oxidação de melatonina por neutrófilos, especialmente em condições inflamatórias, é discutida. / In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyzes the production of N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine from melatonin. This reaction consumes oxygen and exhibits chemiluminescence in the 440-540 nm region. The excited cleavage product derived from the thermolysis of an intermediate dioxetane is suggested to be the emitting species. Chemiluminescence and the indole ring cleavage product were also observed when HRP/H2O2 was replaced by phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan-activated neutrophils. Azide, a myeloperoxidase inhibitor, strongly suppressed melatonin oxidation. Superoxide dismutase has a strong inhibitory effect on light emission but catalase and uric acid are without effect on the emission. The oxidation of melatonin by activated neutrophils may be relevant to the in vivo functions of myeloperoxidase and melatonin. The possible biological implication of melatonin oxidation by neutrophils, especially in inflammatory conditions, is discussed.

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