Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-15T17:35:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 468727 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1628803 bytes, checksum: 75be752da3ab602e4f9ff5ec152aa626 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T17:35:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 468727 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1628803 bytes, checksum: 75be752da3ab602e4f9ff5ec152aa626 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-17 / This work is focused analyze aspects related to the presence of Euclides da Cunha in the Amazon. We sought to investigate the genesis of border conflicts between Brazil and Peru, determining factor for the realization of the Joint Commission on Recognition of Headwaters of the Purus River, which led Euclid. In general, these conflicts were the result of disputes over rich producing rubber regions. As a result of this trip, the writer left recorded a set of information relating to matters related to hydrography, geomorphology, climate and especially on Amazonian man. Such impressions resulted in the compilation of the work the Fringes of History, a posthumous book that brings together the Euclidean texts on Amazon and has become the centerpiece of this dissertation research. The aim, above all, to understand the way the author of The Barrens portrayed the Amazon from their experience on the spot, which contributed to bring the light of science Earth Without History - Amazon - and that gives the Euclides da Cunha title of one of the greatest interpreters of the partners questions of Brazil. / Este trabalho tem por foco analisar os aspectos relacionados ? presen?a de Euclides da Cunha na Amaz?nia. Buscou-se investigar a g?nese dos conflitos fronteiri?os entre Brasil e Peru, fator determinante para a realiza??o da Comiss?o Mista de Reconhecimento das Cabeceiras do rio Purus, a qual Euclides chefiou. De modo geral, esses conflitos foram em decorr?ncia das disputas por ricas regi?es produtoras de borracha. Como resultado dessa viagem, o escritor deixou registrado um conjunto de informa??es referentes aos aspectos relacionados ? hidrografia, geomorfologia, clima e, sobretudo, sobre homem amaz?nico. Tais impress?es resultaram na compila??o da obra ? Margem da Hist?ria, um livro p?stumo que re?ne os textos de Euclides sobre a Amaz?nia e que se tornou n?cleo central das investiga??es desta disserta??o. Objetivou-se, sobretudo, compreender a maneira como o autor de Os Sert?es retratou a Amaz?nia a partir de sua viv?ncia in loco, fato que contribuiu para trazer ? luz da ci?ncia a Terra Sem Hist?ria ? Amaz?nia ? e que confere a Euclides da Cunha o t?tulo de um dos maiores int?rpretes das quest?es s?cias do Brasil.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-06-03T20:59:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 469951 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1648815 bytes, checksum: 0c9de5862ebd223abf629856bef3b63a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-03T20:59:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 469951 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1648815 bytes, checksum: 0c9de5862ebd223abf629856bef3b63a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / The objective of this thesis is to analyze the worker profile that came to Rond?nia attracted by the hydropower plants of Rond?nia between the years 2009 and 2012,, perpetrated by labor, beyond the social impact to the community. To understand this reality accessed poured the ontological standard and Marxian methodology, as theoretical framework. Focused categories were the arrival of the plants and its historical process of setting up and subsequent seduction and labor migration, the profile identified through the labor and the likely repercussions predictive. The methodological tool used to access the reality were focused labor demands and its wealth of data on worker qualification as a proponent , through qualitative analysis method, by analyzing the documents of the labor process. / O objetivo desta tese ? analisar o perfil do trabalhador que veio ? Rond?nia atra?do pelas Usinas Hidrel?tricas de Rond?nia entre os anos de 2009 e 2012, atrav?s de a??es trabalhistas perpetradas, al?m do impacto social causado ? coletividade. Para compreender esta realidade acessada serviu-se do padr?o ontol?gico e metodol?gico marxiano, como arcabou?o te?rico. As categorias enfocadas foram a chegada das usinas e seu processo hist?rico de instaura??o e posterior sedu??o e migra??o de trabalhadores, o perfil identificado atrav?s dos processos trabalhistas e as prov?veis repercuss?es preditivas. A ferramenta metodol?gica utilizada para acessar a realidade enfocada foram as demandas trabalhistas e sua riqueza de dados na qualifica??o do trabalhador como proponente, atrav?s do m?todo de an?lise qualitativa, atrav?s da an?lise de documentos constantes do processo trabalhista.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-08-27T11:22:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 474253 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1236844 bytes, checksum: 4bf46683a317aeb154493ddb87382834 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-27T11:22:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 474253 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1236844 bytes, checksum: 4bf46683a317aeb154493ddb87382834 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-05 / This study aims to analyze how the practices and etnomatem?ticos knowledge expressed by the Indians of the Amazon are thought in the training of indigenous teachers. The theoretical framework underlying this research consisted of two pillars: power relations, knowledge and governmentality, based on studies of Foucault (2008, 1979, 2005, 2011), Fischer (2012), Veiga-Neto (2011), Larrosa ( 2011), among others; Ethnomatematics, based on D'Ambrosio (2002, 2009, 2010, 2012), Knijnik (1996, 2006, 2012) and Paul Gerdes (1991, 2002, 2010). The subjects of academic research in Intercultural Basic Education Bachelor's Degree opting for axis Natural Sciences and Mathematics Intercultural. These individuals represent the ethnic groups: Surui-Paiter, Hawk Ikolen, Oro Win, Cinta Larga and Oro Waje. Currently all are teachers of their communities in the early years and the end of elementary school. However, just who complete the course will work on training who have chosen. To compose the empirical material were carried out narrative interviews during the month of February and March 2014. On such narratives carried out a genealogical discourse analysis covering aspects such as: the Amazon indigenous practices are addressed in teacher training / indigenous participants this research; the concepts of Ethnomatematics that are present in the formation process of these / the teachers / as; the implications of Ethnomatematics for your school practices. The interviews show that the etnomatem?ticos knowledge of indigenous peoples of Rond?nia participants of this thesis, are constituted as of governance mechanism and contraconduta in teacher education of indigenous teachers students with regard to mathematical knowledge of these people and their discussion with students in the school indigenous. However, reports indicate that the Ethnomatematics has been working in this space as a contraconduta strategy, since the teachers / students are indigenous (and has constituted) in the State, another way to lead and drive the other ( students of Indian schools) through their teaching practices. Such practices are in accordance with their training in Intercultural Bachelor of that during the course deepen the academic discussion on indigenous knowledge and its functionality in school, reframing their knowledge among younger people falling into the classrooms and it appropriated to meet such knowledge through the teaching practice of the indigenous teacher. / Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar como as pr?ticas e os saberes etnomatem?ticos expressos pelos ind?genas da Amaz?nia s?o pensados na forma??o dos professores ind?genas. Os aportes te?ricos que fundamentam essa pesquisa foram constitu?dos por dois pilares: rela??es de poder, saber e governamentalidade, fundamentados nos estudos de Foucault (2008, 1979, 2005, 2011), Fischer (2012), Veiga-Neto (2011), Larrosa (2011), entre outros; Etnomatem?tica, com base em D? Ambrosio (2002, 2009, 2010, 2012), Knijnik (1996, 2006, 2012) e Paulo Gerdes (1991, 2002, 2010).Participaram como sujeitos de pesquisa acad?micos do curso de Licenciatura em Educa??o B?sica Intercultural que optaram pelo eixo Ci?ncias da Natureza e Matem?tica Intercultural. Tais sujeitos representam as etnias: Suru?-Paiter, Gavi?o Ikolen, Oro Win, Cinta Larga e Oro Waje. Atualmente todos s?o professores de suas comunidades, nos anos iniciais e finais do Ensino Fundamental. No entanto, assim que conclu?rem o curso atuar?o nas ?reas de forma??o que optaram. Para compor o material emp?rico foram realizadas entrevistas narrativas durante o m?s de fevereiro e mar?o de 2014. Sobre tais narrativas realiza-se uma an?lise geneal?gica do discurso considerando aspectos como: o tratamento dado ?s pr?ticas de ind?genas da Amaz?nia durante a forma??o dos professores ind?genas participantes dessa pesquisa; os conceitos de Etnomatem?tica que est?o presentes no processo de forma??o desses professores; as implica??es da Etnomatem?tica para as suas pr?ticas escolares. As an?lises apontam que os saberes etnomatem?ticos dos povos ind?genas, participantes desta disserta??o, se constituem enquanto mecanismo de governamento e contraconduta na forma??o docente dos estudantes professores ind?genas no que se refere aos saberes matem?ticos desses povos, bem como sua discuss?o com os estudantes no espa?o da escola ind?gena. No entanto, os relatos indicam que a Etnomatem?tica vem funcionando nesse espa?o como uma estrat?gia de contraconduta, uma vez que os professores/estudantes ind?genas constituem em rela??o ao Estado, outro modo de conduzir-se e de conduzir o outro (estudantes das escolas ind?genas) por meio de suas pr?ticas docentes. Tais pr?ticas est?o em fun??o de sua forma??o no Curso de Licenciatura Intercultural que, durante o curso, aprofundam a discuss?o acad?mica em torno dos saberes ind?genas e sua funcionalidade na escola, na ressignifica??o de seus saberes junto aos mais jovens que se inserem nas salas de aula e dela se apropriam para conhecer tais saberes por meio da pr?tica docente do professor ind?gena.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IzangelaMA_TESE.pdf: 6002351 bytes, checksum: 61a1b03824f174ac0458b386d74608e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this study five compositions were synthesized zirconia doped with cerium and neodymium ions in the system Ce10-xNdx Zr90O2 with 0,5 ≤ x ≤ 4,0 using the Pechini method. The powders were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, with application of Rietveld refinement of the calcination temperatures of 350?C/3h and 30 minutes at 900?C/3h. All compositions stabilized with a mixture of cubic and tetragonal phase zirconia. The samples were pressed into bars and sintered at 1500?C/3h and 1500?C/6h, being characterized by Xray diffraction, with application of the Rietveld refinement, density and porosity using Archimedes method, scanning electron microscopy and resistance the three point bending. It has been observed the increase in strength with increasing sintering temperature for the compositions x = 2,0 and x = 4,0. For x = 2,0 the main phase was the cubic with 92,56% with crystallite size of 0,56 μm, density and porosity of 96,82% from 1,36%. For x = 4,0 was a mixture of cubic and tetragonal phase with 21% and 37,98%, respectively. The crystallite size was 54,21 nm and 49,64 nm with a density porosity of 97,45% and 1,32% respectively. In the analysis of the fracture surface was observed a greater amount of grain fracture intragranular type, which contribute to increase the mechanical strength of the ceramic. Increased addition of the neodymium ion in the crystal lattice of the zirconium showed a nearly linear behavior with increasing mechanical strength of the zirconia ceramic. Was obtained a bending resistance of 537 ? 38 MPa for the composition x = 2,0 predominantly attributed to cubic phase with 92,56% / No presente trabalho foram sintetizadas cinco composi??es de zirc?nia dopada com ?ons c?rio e neod?mio no sistema Ce10-x.Ndx Zr90O2 com 0,5 ≤ x ≤ 4,0 com o uso do m?todo Pechini. Os p?s foram caracterizados por an?lise termogravim?trica, an?lise t?rmica diferencial, espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho e difra??o de raios X, com a aplica??o do refinamento de Rietveld nas temperaturas de calcina??o de 350?C/3h e 30 minutos a 900?C/3h. Todas as composi??es estabilizaram com mistura de fase tetragonal e c?bica da zirc?nia. As amostras foram prensadas em forma de barras e sinterizadas a 1500?C/3h e 1500?C/6h, sendo caracterizadas por difra??o de raios X, com a aplica??o do refinamento de Rietveld, densidade e porosidade usando o m?todo de Arquimedes, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e resist?ncia a flex?o em tr?s pontos. Foi observado o aumento da resist?ncia mec?nica com o aumento da temperatura de sinteriza??o para as composi??es x=2,0 e x=4,0. Para x=2,0 a fase principal foi ? c?bica com 92,56 % com tamanho de cristalito de 0,56 μm, densidade de 96,82 % e porosidade de 1,36 %. Para x=4,0 ocorreu uma mistura da fase tetragonal e c?bica com 21 % e 37,98 %, repectivamente. O tamanho de cristalitos foi de 54,21 nm e 49,64 nm, com densidade de 97,45 % e porosidade de 1,32 %, respectivamente. Nas an?lises da superf?cie de fratura foi observado uma maior quantidade de gr?os com fratura do tipo intragranular, na qual contribuiu para o aumento da resist?ncia mec?nica da cer?mica. O aumento da adi??o do ?on neod?mio na rede cristalina da zirc?nia apresentou um comportamento quase linear com o aumento da resist?ncia mec?nica da cer?mica de zirc?nia. Foi obtida uma resist?ncia a flex?o de 537 ? 38 MPa para a composi??o x=2,0 atribu?da a predomin?ncia da fase c?bica com 92,56 %

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-18T10:23:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Catherine Torres de Almeida.pdf: 4011870 bytes, checksum: 95ec0ec572d24a8a7285ec3bb17fac37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T10:23:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Catherine Torres de Almeida.pdf: 4011870 bytes, checksum: 95ec0ec572d24a8a7285ec3bb17fac37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is the rate at the atmospheric CO2 is converted by photosynthetic activity in organic substances and is a measure of the total carbon fixed by the ecosystem. In the context of climate change, the focus for the fixation of carbon by forest ecosystems is the basis to mitigate emissions of anthropogenic CO2. There are several methods for the quantification of carbon stored in the vegetation, using data obtained by micrometeorological towers or by remote sensing. Among these methods, stands out the eddy covariance technique, that is much used to quantify the CO2 flux in many forest ecosystems. However, this technique has a high cost, limited operation and covers a small extent. Accordingly, the methods that employ remote sensing have the advantage of providing terrestrial primary productivity estimates for large areas where the methods at the field level are not feasible. This work has as main objective to evaluate the dynamics of the GPP in the Brazilian Legal Amazon over land use and land cover and weather variables. For understanding the relationship of the eddy covariance GPP with meteorological data, rainfall data from TRMM 3B43 product and environmental variables of flux towers were used. Data from TRMM satellite were validated with data from seven conventional weather stations of Amazonas state. The comparison was based on the Average Error (AE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), linear correlation coefficient (r) and Wilmott agreement index (d). We also used the Spearman correlation coefficient and a regression tree model to assess the relationship between flux tower GPP and environmental variables. To evaluate GPP estimates from two versions of the MOD17A2 product, derived from MODIS sensor data, these have been validated with surface data from seven LBA flux towers, of which four are in forest cover, one in transition forest and two in disturbed areas. The statistical analyzes were performed with R software, version 3.1.0. The results of the validation of TRMM 3B43 were positive, with high linear correlation (r = 0.83), high level of agreement (d = 0.85) and an adequate RMSE (59.77 mm), showing that this product can be used as an alternative source of quality data. Regarding the influence of the land use and land cover in GPP, it was found that the disturbed areas had lower productivity compared to the conserved areas and had their water balance affected, presenting higher values of the Bowen ratio. The GPP seasonality was predominantly related to radiation at the top of the atmosphere in forest areas of the equatorial Amazon. In areas more distant of the Ecuador, the GPP was influenced by radiation at the top of the atmosphere and also by rainfall and VPD, indicating limitation both by radiation and by water availability. MOD17A2 had no satisfactory agreement between in estimating GPP compared to the method of eddy covariance, underestimating productivity for most locations studied. The seasonality derived from the MODIS algorithm was only similar to the seasonality of GPP by eddy covariance method for non-equatorial locations. The areas in Equatorial Amazon exhibit distinct MOD17A2 GPP seasonal pattern of that verified by data from the micrometeorological towers. Given this, it is necessary to improve the MOD17A2 algorithm to enable it to estimate GPP depending on the different vegetation responses to drought and radiation. This improved understanding may help to produce better estimates of GPP in Amazon and the use of remote sensing in conjunction with the surface data can contribute to generate an overview of GPP in this biome. / A Produtividade Prim?ria Bruta (PPB) ? a taxa na qual o CO2 atmosf?rico ? convertido pela atividade fotossint?tica em subst?ncias org?nicas e ? uma medida do total de carbono fixado pelo ecossistema. No contexto das mudan?as clim?ticas, o enfoque para a fixa??o de carbono pelos ecossistemas florestais ? a base para mitigar as emiss?es de CO2 antropog?nico. Existem diversos m?todos destinados ? quantifica??o do carbono estocado na vegeta??o, que utilizam dados obtidos por meio de torres micrometeorol?gicas de fluxo ou atrav?s de sensoriamento remoto. Dentre esses m?todos, se destaca a t?cnica de covari?ncia de v?rtices turbulentos, por ser muito empregada para quantificar o fluxo de CO2 em diversos ecossistemas florestais. Por?m, esta t?cnica possui um custo alto, operacionalidade restrita e abrange uma pequena extens?o. Nesse sentido, os m?todos que empregam o sensoriamento remoto t?m a vantagem de fornecer estimativas de produtividade prim?ria terrestre para grandes ?reas, onde os m?todos ao n?vel do terreno n?o s?o vi?veis. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral avaliar a din?mica da PPB na Amaz?nia Legal brasileira em rela??o ao uso e cobertura do solo e ?s vari?veis meteorol?gicas. Para compreender a rela??o da PPB obtida pelo m?todo de covari?ncia de v?rtices turbulentos com dados meteorol?gicos, foram utilizados dados de chuva do produto 3B43 do sat?lite TRMM e vari?veis ambientais das torres de fluxo. Os dados do sat?lite TRMM foram validados com dados de sete esta??es meteorol?gicas convencionais do estado do Amazonas. A compara??o foi baseada no Erro M?dio (EM), Raiz do Erro M?dio Quadr?tico (REMQ), coeficiente de correla??o linear (r) e ?ndice de concord?ncia de Wilmott (d). Tamb?m utilizou-se o coeficiente de correla??o de Spearman e um modelo de ?rvore de regress?o para avaliar a rela??o entre a PPB da torre de fluxo e as vari?veis ambientais. Para avaliar as estimativas de PPB de duas vers?es do produto MOD17A2, derivadas de dados do sensor MODIS, estas foram validadas com dados de superf?cie de sete torres de fluxo do Projeto LBA, das quais quatro se encontram em cobertura florestal, uma em floresta de transi??o e duas em ?reas antropizadas. As an?lises estat?sticas foram realizadas no software R, vers?o 3.1.0. Os resultados da valida??o do produto 3B43 do TRMM foram positivos, com alta correla??o linear (r = 0,83), alto ?ndice de concord?ncia (d = 0,85) e REMQ satisfat?rio (59,77 mm), mostrando que este produto pode ser utilizado como uma fonte alternativa de dados de qualidade. Em rela??o ? influ?ncia do uso e da cobertura do solo na PPB, verificou-se que as ?reas antropizadas apresentaram menor produtividade em rela??o ?s ?reas conservadas e tiveram seu balan?o h?drico afetado, pois apresentaram altos valores da raz?o de Bowen. A sazonalidade da PPB foi predominantemente relacionada ? radia??o no topo da atmosfera nas ?reas de floresta da Amaz?nia equatorial. Nas ?reas mais distantes do Equador, a PPB foi influenciada pela radia??o no topo da atmosfera e tamb?m pela chuva e VPD, indicando limita??o tanto pela radia??o quanto pela disponibilidade de ?gua. O MOD17A2 n?o apresentou boa estimativa de PPB comparado ao m?todo de v?rtices turbulentos, subestimando a produtividade para a maioria das localidades estudadas. A sazonalidade da PPB deste algoritmo somente foi similar ? sazonalidade da PPB pelo m?todo de v?rtices turbulentos para as localidades n?o-equatoriais. As ?reas na Amaz?nia Equatorial apresentaram padr?o sazonal da PPB do MOD17A2 distinto do verificado pelos dados das torres micrometeorol?gicas. Diante disto, ? necess?rio melhorar o algoritmo MOD17A2 para que este possa estimar PPB em fun??o das diferentes respostas da vegeta??o ? seca e ? radia??o. Esse melhor entendimento poder? contribuir para produzir melhores estimativas da PPB para a Amaz?nia e o uso do sensoriamento remoto em conjunto com os dados de superf?cie pode contribuir para gerar uma vis?o geral da PPB nesse bioma.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YankelBFC.pdf: 3745387 bytes, checksum: 0a72ac9538c533fa074f31beeeb3660d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Ceramics materials have good properties including chemical stability, high hardness and wear resistance. Moreover, due to its fragility, can suffer failure under relatively low levels of tension. Actually zirconia is the material of choice in metal free dental prostheses used in dentistry due its inertia in physiological environment, good bending strength, hardness and fracture toughness. The alumina and mixed tungsten and titanium carbides additions, acting as reinforcement elements in the zirconia matrix, have as their main objective the improvement of mechanical properties of this material. In this work, samples of zirconia, zirconia with 30% wt of alumina and zirconia with 30% wt mixed carbides were analyzed. The samples were sintered by uniaxial hot pressing on 30 MPa pressure, for 1 hour in an argon atmosphere. They were physically characterized by porosity and density measurements, and mechanically by 3-points bending strength and Vickers microhardness. The X-ray diffraction was used for the phase identifications and microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of mixed carbides as reinforcement elements in zirconia matrix provides improvements in all properties analyzed in this work. The alumina addition has dropped the zirconia strength, although it caused improvement in other properties / Materiais cer?micos apresentam boas propriedades incluindo estabilidade qu?mica, elevada dureza e resist?ncia ao desgaste. Por outro lado, devido a sua fragilidade, podem sofrer falha sob n?veis de tens?es relativamente baixos. A zirc?nia ? hoje o material de escolha em odontologia para o uso em pr?teses dentais do tipo metal free por ser inerte em meio fisiol?gico, apresentar boa resist?ncia ? flex?o, dureza e tenacidade ? fratura. A adi??o da alumina e dos carbetos mistos de tungst?nio e tit?nio ,atuando como elementos de refor?o na matriz de zirc?nia, t?m como principal objetivo o aperfei?oamento das propriedades mec?nicas deste material. No presente trabalho, foram analisadas amostras de: zirc?nia, zirc?nia com 30% em peso de alumina e zirc?nia com 30% em peso de carbetos mistos. Os corpos de prova foram sinterizados por prensagem a quente uniaxial, sobre press?o de 30 MPa, durante 1 hora em atmosfera de arg?nio. Os mesmos foram caracterizados fisicamente por meio de medidas de porosidade e de densidade, e mecanicamente por resist?ncia a flex?o em 3 pontos e microdureza Vickers. A difra??o de raios X foi utilizada para a identifica??o das fases presentes e a microestrutura foi analisada por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). A adi??o dos carbetos mistos como elemento de refor?o da matriz de zirc?nia ocasionou uma melhoria em todas as propriedades analisadas neste trabalho. A adi??o da alumina proporcionou uma queda na resist?ncia mec?nica da zirc?nia, apesar de ter ocasionado melhora nas demais propriedades

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:33Z No. of bitstreams: 5 31.pdf: 1157131 bytes, checksum: f9cc75761ea50188e5de5aa60ce65479 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T18:26:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 31.pdf: 1157131 bytes, checksum: f9cc75761ea50188e5de5aa60ce65479 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T18:26:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 31.pdf: 1157131 bytes, checksum: f9cc75761ea50188e5de5aa60ce65479 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: fd26723f8d7edacdb29e3f03465c3b03 (MD5) license_text: 20904 bytes, checksum: e09bf99e64678e4285abf3ef3e05412d (MD5) license_rdf: 23422 bytes, checksum: b145eda3d84bdc4f56b389c0ab98d368 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Avaliaram-se a produtividade de mat?ria seca e a composi??o bromatol?gica de gram?neas forrageiras colhidas em ?rea degradada pela deposi??o de res?duos s?lidos urbanos, num experimento em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco gram?neas nas parcelas e tr?s cortes nas subparcelas no tempo, com quatro repeti??es. O teor e a absor??o de minerais e a concentra??o de metais pesados foram avaliados no 2? corte, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco gram?neas e quatro repeti??es. As gram?neas utilizadas foram Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e cv. Xara?s e Panicum maximum cv. Tanz?nia, colhidas com 42 dias de rebrota??o. A produtividade de mat?ria seca por corte foi de at? 1.480 kg/ha, o teor m?nimo de prote?na bruta (PB) foi 9,5% e o teor m?dio de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) foi 62,3%. As gram?neas forrageiras apresentam resultados satisfat?rios em produtividade de mat?ria seca e composi??o bromatol?gica, constituindo em alternativa para a reabilita??o de ?rea degradada por res?duos s?lidos urbanos, assim como adequada composi??o mineral, ? exce??o de f?sforo, cujo teor foi muito baixo. As concentra??es de todos os metais pesados encontram-se abaixo do n?vel de toxicidade para as plantas. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT We evaluated the dry matter yield and chemical composition of grasses harvested in an area degraded by deposition of solid waste. The experiment was conducted in a split plot randomized block design with five grass plots and subplots in the three cuts time, with four replications. The content and the absorption of minerals and heavy metals were evaluated in the second cut, in a randomized block design with four replications and five grasses. The grasses used were Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and cv. Xara?s, and Panicum maximum cv. Tanz?nia, taken at 42 days regrowth. The yield of dry matter per cutting reached up to 1480 kg / ha, the minimum content of crude protein (CP) was 9.5% and the average content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was 62.3%. The grasses have good results in dry matter yield and chemical composition, providing an alternative for the rehabilitation of degraded area by municipal solid waste, and adequate mineral composition, except for phosphorus content was very low. The concentrations of all heavy metals are below the level of toxicity to plants.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NilmaraOA_DISSERT.pdf: 973929 bytes, checksum: a34dad87199547e8eb7f5ac9e8e30f9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-10 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / Tangara da Serra is located on southwestern Mato Grosso and is found to be on the route of pollutants dispersion originated in the Legal Amazon s deforestation area. This region has also a wide area of sugarcane culture, setting this site quite exposed to atmospheric pollutants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genotoxicity of three different concentrations of organic particulate matter which was collected from August through December / 2008 in Tangara da Serra, using micronucleus test in Tradescantia pallida (Trad-MCN). The levels of particulate matter less than 10μm (MP10) and black carbon (BC) collected on the Teflon and polycarbonate filters were determined as well. Also, the alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified and quantified on the samples from the burning period by gas chromatography detector with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The results from the analyzing of alkanes indicate an antropic influence. Among the PAHs, the retene was the one found on the higher quantity and it is an indicator of biomass burning. The compounds indene(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and benzo(k)fluoranthene were identified on the samples and are considered to be potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic. By using Trad-MCN, it was observed a significant increase on the micronucleus frequency during the burning period, and this fact can be related to the mutagenic PAHs which were found on such extracts. When the period of less burnings is analyzed and compared to the negative control group, it was noted that there was no significant difference on the micronuclei rate. On the other hand, when the higher burning period is analyzed, statistically significant differences were evident. This study showed that the Trad-MCN was sensible and efficient on evaluating the genotoxicity potencial of organic matter from biomass burning, and also, emphasizes the importance of performing a chemical composition analysis in order to achieve a complete diagnosis on environmental risk control / Tangar? da Serra est? situada no sudoeste do Mato Grosso e encontra-se no trajeto de dispers?o de poluentes provenientes da ?rea do arco do desmatamento da Amaz?nia Legal. A regi?o tamb?m possui uma extensa ?rea de plantio de cana-dea??car, configurando um local de exposi??o a poluentes atmosf?ricos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a genotoxicidade do material particulado (MP) org?nico, em tr?s diferentes concentra??es, coletado nos meses de agosto a dezembro / 2008 em Tangar? da Serra atrav?s do teste de micron?cleo em Tradescantia (Trad-MCN). Al?m disso, foram determinados os n?veis do material particulado menor que 10μm (MP10) e black carbon (BC) coletados nos filtros teflon e de policarbonato. Foram identificados e quantificados nas amostras do per?odo de queima, os alcanos e os hidrocarbonetos polic?clicos arom?ticos (HPAs) atrav?s da cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao detector de ioniza??o de chama (CG-DIC). Os resultados da an?lise dos alcanos indicam influ?ncia antr?pica. Dentre os HPAs, o reteno foi encontrado em maior quantidade e ? um marcador de queima de biomassa. Os compostos indeno (1,2,3,-cd)pireno e benzo(k)fluoranteno foram identificados nas amostras e s?o considerados potencialmente carcinog?nicos e mutag?nicos. Atrav?s do Trad-MCN, observou-se um aumento significativo na frequ?ncia de micron?cleo no per?odo de queima e este fato pode estar relacionado com os HPAs mutag?nicos encontrados nesses extratos. Ao analisar o per?odo de menor queima, constatou-se que n?o h? diferen?a significativa na taxa de micron?cleo quando comparado com o controle negativo e mostraram diferen?as estatisticamente significativas com rela??o ao grupo de maior queima. Este estudo mostrou que o Trad-MCN foi sens?vel e eficiente na avalia??o do potencial genot?xico do material org?nico proveniente da queima de biomassa, enfatizando a import?ncia da an?lise da composi??o qu?mica, para que assim seja poss?vel facilitar os mais completos diagn?sticos no controle dos riscos ambientais

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-04T19:34:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NilmaraDeOliveiraAlves_TESE.pdf: 4420508 bytes, checksum: 970409d7d94b116854a2e3e7da3725ee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-09T23:25:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NilmaraDeOliveiraAlves_TESE.pdf: 4420508 bytes, checksum: 970409d7d94b116854a2e3e7da3725ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-09T23:25:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NilmaraDeOliveiraAlves_TESE.pdf: 4420508 bytes, checksum: 970409d7d94b116854a2e3e7da3725ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / A Amaz?nia representa mais da metade das florestas tropicais remanescentes no planeta e compreende a maior biodiversidade do mundo, correspondendo aproximadamente a 60% do territ?rio brasileiro. Entretanto, o desmatamento e as queimadas que ocorrem na regi?o t?m causado s?rios preju?zos para a popula??o que est? sendo exposta. Diante desta situa??o, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os compostos qu?micos assim como os efeitos celulares e moleculares ap?s a exposi??o ao material org?nico extra?do do material particulado menor que 10 ?m (MP10) na regi?o Amaz?nica. Com rela??o ? composi??o qu?mica, a an?lise dos n-alcanos mostrou um predom?nio da influ?ncia antr?pica no per?odo de queimadas na regi?o. Al?m disso, observou-se um predom?nio dos monossacar?deos marcadores da queima de biomassa. Tamb?m foram identificados os Hidrocarbonetos Polic?clicos Arom?ticos (HPA) e os seus derivados nas amostras coletadas na Amaz?nia. Os dados das concentra??es dos HPA permitiram calcular o BaP-equivalente e observou-se que o dibenzo(a)antraceno contribui com 83% para o potencial risco carcinog?nico. J? para o potencial risco mutag?nico, o benzo(a)pireno ? o HPA que apresenta uma maior contribui??o nesta an?lise. Pode-se destacar que o reteno foi o HPA mais abundante. Este composto foi considerado genot?xico, al?m de causar morte por necrose nas c?lulas estudadas. Nas an?lises biol?gicas, os dados mostraram que o MP10 org?nico ? capaz de causar altera??es gen?ticas tanto em c?lulas vegetais como em c?lulas do pulm?o humano. Estes danos levaram a uma parada na fase G1 no ciclo das c?lulas expostas, aumentando a express?o das prote?nas p53 e p21. Al?m disso, o MP causou morte celular por apoptose, aumentando a marca??o da histona ?-H2AX. Com resultados bem evidentes, o MP inal?vel tamb?m causou morte por necrose nas c?lulas do pulm?o humano. Diante destes resultados, ? importante enfatizar a import?ncia da redu??o e um melhor controle da queima de biomassa na regi?o Amaz?nica. Afinal, como descrito recentemente pela Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de, pode-se afirmar que a redu??o da polui??o do ar poder? salvar milh?es de vidas. / The Amazon holds over half of the planet's remaining tropical forests and comprises the largest biodiversity in the world, accounting for approximately 60 % of the Brazilian territory. However, deforestation fires in the region causes serious problems to exposed human. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical compounds as well as the cellular and molecular effects after exposure to organic material extracted from particulate matter less than 10 ?m (PM10) in the Amazon region. As for the chemical composition, n-alkanes analysis showed a prevalence of anthropogenic influence during the fires in the region. In addition, there was a predominance of monosaccharides from biomass burning markers. Also, the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and their derivatives have also been identified in samples collected in the Amazon. By using the PAH concentrations was possible to calculate the BaP-equivalent and it was found that the dibenz(a) anthracene contributes with 83% to potential carcinogenic risk. As for the potential mutagenic risk, the benzo (a) pyrene is the HPA that has a major contribution in this analysis. It may be noted that the retene was the most abundant PAH. This compound was genotoxic and cause death by necrosis in the human lung cells. In biological tests, the data showed that organic PM10 is capable of causing genetic damage in both plant cells and in human lung cells. This damage cause an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle exposed, increasing the expression of p53 and p21. Additionally, the PM10 caused cell death by apoptosis, increasing the foci of histone ?- H2AX. Given these results, it is important to emphasize the reduction and better control of biomass burning in the Amazon region thus improving the quality of health of the population being exposed. As clearly stated recently by the World Health Organization, the reduction of air pollution could save millions of lives annually.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-20T20:35:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanCarlosSilvaAndrade_TESE.pdf: 5351227 bytes, checksum: 6baecb9ca1efd3ecbe1d465cdf5fbe9b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-21T17:57:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanCarlosSilvaAndrade_TESE.pdf: 5351227 bytes, checksum: 6baecb9ca1efd3ecbe1d465cdf5fbe9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-21T17:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanCarlosSilvaAndrade_TESE.pdf: 5351227 bytes, checksum: 6baecb9ca1efd3ecbe1d465cdf5fbe9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / A demanda por materiais com alta homogeneidade obtidos a temperaturas relativamente baixas vem alavancando a busca por processos qu?micos substituintes do m?todo cer?mico convencional. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo a obten??o de pigmentos nanom?tricos encapsulados (core-shell) a base de TiO2, dopados com ?ons de metais de transi??o (Fe, Co, Ni, Al) atrav?s de 3 (tr?s) m?todos de s?ntese: precursores polim?ricos (Pechini); hidrotermal de microondas; e co-precipita??o associado ? qu?mica sol-gel. O estudo foi motivado pela simplicidade, rapidez e baixo consumo de energia caracter?sticos desses m?todos. Os sistemas de custos s?o acess?veis, pois que permitem atingir um bom controle da microestrutura, aliada a elevada pureza, com controle estequiom?trico e de fases permitindo obter part?culas de tamanho nanom?trico. As propriedades f?sicas, qu?micas, morfol?gicas, ?pticas e estruturais dos materiais obtidos foram analisadas utilizando diferentes t?cnicas de caracteriza??o de materiais. Os p?s pigmentantes foram testados na descolora??o e degrada??o utilizando um fotoreator, atrav?s da solu??o do corante remazol amarelo ouro (RNL), a partir da filtra??o destas, resultando na separa??o da solu??o filtrante e dos pigmentos, para posterior realiza??o de medidas de UV-Vis. As diferentes temperaturas de calcina??o adotadas ap?s a obten??o dos p?s, nos diferentes m?todos foram: 400 ?C a 1000 ?C. Utilizando uma concentra??o fixa de 10% (Fe, Al, Ni, Co) em massa em rela??o ? massa do tit?nio, viabilizando tecnologicamente e economicamente o estudo. Atrav?s da t?cnica de microscopia eletr?nica de transmiss?o (MET) foi poss?vel analisar e confirmar a forma??o estrutural das part?culas de pigmentos nanom?tricos encapsulados, apresentando di?metro dos p?s de TiO2 entre 20 nm e 100 nm, e espessura da camada recoberta de Fe, Ni e Co entre 2 nm e 10 nm. O m?todo de s?ntese mais eficiente entre os estudados no trabalho foi o co-precipita??o associado ? qu?mica sol-gel, no qual foram obtidos os melhores resultados, sem a necessidade da obten??o de p?s pelo processo de calcina??o / The demand for materials with high consistency obtained at relatively low temperatures has been leveraging the search for chemical processes substituents of the conventional ceramic method. This paper aims to obtain nanosized pigments encapsulated (core-shell) the basis of TiO2 doped with transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Al) through three (3) methods of synthesis: polymeric precursors (Pechini); hydrothermal microwave, and co-precipitation associated with the sol-gel chemistry. The study was motivated by the simplicity, speed and low power consumption characteristic of these methods. Systems costs are affordable because they allow achieving good control of microstructure, combined with high purity, controlled stoichiometric phases and allowing to obtain particles of nanometer size. The physical, chemical, morphological, structural and optical properties of the materials obtained were analyzed using different techniques for materials characterization. The powder pigments were tested in discoloration and degradation using a photoreactor through the solution of Remazol yellow dye gold (NNI), such as filtration, resulting in a separation of solution and the filter pigments available for further UV-Vis measurements . Different calcination temperatures taken after obtaining the post, the different methods were: 400 ? C and 1000 ? C. Using a fixed concentration of 10% (Fe, Al, Ni, Co) mass relative to the mass of titanium technologically and economically enabling the study. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique was possible to analyze and confirm the structural formation nanosized particles of encapsulated pigment, TiO2 having the diameter of 20 nm to 100 nm, and thickness of coated layer of Fe, Ni and Co between 2 nm and 10 nm. The method of synthesis more efficient has been studied in the work co-precipitation associated with sol-gel chemistry, in which the best results were achieved without the need for the obtainment of powders the calcination process