Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-06T11:45:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - F?bio Edir Amaral Albuquerque.pdf: 3688203 bytes, checksum: deb77d79b3f829b640e9e7f0e18de1aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-06T11:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - F?bio Edir Amaral Albuquerque.pdf: 3688203 bytes, checksum: deb77d79b3f829b640e9e7f0e18de1aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A total of 25 specimens Caparari Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum were collected in four points of the high Xingu river sector, between April 2010 and July 2011. Two new locality records of Argulidae crustaceans are presented for Argulus pestifer and Dolops discoidalis. A new monogenetic specie was proposed, registered and studied in details. Demidospermus n. sp. differs from the other congenerics, because the anchors exhibit folds, variable forms, and deep roots not defined. Demidospermus sp. n. also exhibits a thickened ventral bar, straight or slightly curved anteriorly, with the extended Extremities, and with the Presence or Absence of an above-median keel. The dorsal bar is variable in form, straight and slender, with Presence or Absence of an above-median depression and tapered Extremities. The hooks are different in size and form, the first and second pairs have the tip and the shaft lightly curved, protuberant and truncated thumb, and the rod is dilated and tapered in proximal region. Hooks different in size and shape, 1-2 pairs: blade point and slightly curved or curved, thumb protruding, truncate, dilated or slender rod, tapered proximally, showing or not bulbs at the proximal end; the pairs 3-4-6-7: point slightly bent, curved or straight blade almost straight or moderately curved, thumb truncated or depressed, moderately dilated or slender rod, presented a bulb at the proximal end; The male copulatory organ (MCO) is variable in shape, with a convolute tube in the counterclockwise, and flaps that connect themselves on a sclerotized edge. Male copulatory organ (MCO), with variable shape, like a coiled tube, varying the number of rings in a counterclockwise direction, with tabs that connect to a margin esclerotizada or G-shaped, with a ring in order counterclockwise, showing a dilated base margin esclerotizada developed, from which protrudes a flap. The accessory piece, with variable shape, slightly concave or concave, the distal tapered, curved or slightly curved, serving as a guide to the MCO, the presence or absence of spines on the proximal end. The vagina has a bag-shaped vestibule connected or not to the vaginal channel through an annulated narrow. The study will can contribute to future research, in order to improve our knowledge about the parasite fauna of aquatic organisms in the Amazon region. / Um total de 25 esp?cimes de Caparari P. fasciatum foram coletados no alto rio Xingu, entre Abril de 2010 ? Julho de 2011. Foram apresentados dois novos registros de localidade de crust?ceos parasitos da fam?lia Argulidae, foram registrados, Argulus pestifer e Dolops discoidalis, e uma esp?cie de monogen?tico foi proposta como nova, examinada, registrada e comentada em detalhes. Demidospermus sp. n. difere dos seus cong?neres por apresentar ?ncoras em formas vari?veis, ra?zes profundas n?o definidas, apresentando uma dobra. Barra ventral em forma vari?vel, grossa, levemente curvada para a regi?o anterior, extremidades alargadas, com presen?a ou n?o de uma quilha na parte antero-medial. Barra dorsal, em forma vari?vel, reta e delgada, apresentando ou n?o uma depress?o antero-medial com extremidades afiladas. Ganchos diferentes em tamanho e forma, pares 1-2: ponta e l?mina levemente curva ou curvada, polegar protuberante, truncado, haste dilatada ou delgada, afilada proximalmente, apresentando ou n?o bulbos na extremidade proximal; pares 3-4-6-7: ponta levemente curvada, curva ou reta, l?mina quase retas ou moderadamente curvadas, polegar truncado ou deprimido, haste moderadamente dilatada ou delgada, apresentado um bulbo na extremidade proximal; par 5: ponta e l?mina retas, polegar achatado, haste alongada e fina, apresentando um bulbo na regi?o proximal. ?rg?o copulat?rio masculino (OCM), apresentando forma vari?vel, como um tubo enrolado, variando no n?mero de an?is no sentido anti-hor?rio, apresentando abas que se conectam a uma margem esclerotizada ou em forma de G ao contr?rio, com um anel em sentido anti-hor?rio, base dilatada apresentando uma margem esclerotizada desenvolvida, de onde se projeta um flap. Pe?a acess?ria, apresentando forma vari?vel, ligeiramente c?ncava ou c?ncava, parte distal afilada, curvada ou pouco curva, servindo de guia para o OCM, presen?a ou n?o de espinhos na extremidade proximal. Vagina apresentando um vest?bulo saculiforme, ligado ao canal vaginal atrav?s de um estreitamento anelado presente ou n?o. O presente estudo poder? colaborar com futuras pesquisas, com o prop?sito de melhorar o nosso conhecimento sobre a fauna dos organismos aqu?ticos da regi?o Amaz?nica

No description available.

Deforestation of tropical forests is one of the most pressing environmental problems of the twenty-first century, leading to the loss of environmental services such as climate regulation and biodiversity. The expansion of the agricultural frontier by small landholder farmers continues to be one of the major drivers of land use change in the Amazon region. Much of the recent research in the Brazilian Amazon has been focused on modeling their behavior in order to prescribe policies that can curb current deforestation rates and promote more sustainable land use practices. The availability of more sophisticated remote sensing and economic modeling tools has led to the proliferation of agricultural household level models that attempt to explain land use change processes at the farm level. This dissertation tests the household life cycle theory in one of the oldest colonization fronts in the Brazilian Amazon: Rondônia, now a post-frontier. The study examines household and farm level changes over time for specific aspects of the frontier process that can be tested using the household life cycle theory. This study introduces important additions to the life cycle theory in order to consider the more dynamic and complex set of factors that characterize modern frontier processes. Specifically the study examines: (1) property fragmentation and expansion processes, (2) property ownership, turnover and change, and (3) land use change processes at the property level. These are linked to changes in the social and economic features of the smallholder farmer as it moves along its life cycle. The central hypothesis is that these changes in property and land use dynamics can be explained by the corresponding changes in the life cycle of the household as the frontier evolves over time into a post-frontier. It was found that the household life cycle theory did not adequately explain land use change processes over time. As the frontier evolved into the modern post-frontier, the labor and drudgery constraints associated with the initial frontier processes, as exemplified in the household life cycle theory, became less relevant. The Sauerian concept of cultural successions and the concept of scale from hierarchical ecology are used in order to explain the apparent inconsistencies found between the household life cycle theory and land use change processes over time and at different scales of analysis. The household life cycle theory is a useful theoretical framework from which to examine the effects of household level factors on land use; however, this must be embedded within concepts of time and scale that determine their differentiated impact and behavior. Existing plans to expand road infrastructure into the Amazon region will open-up previously inaccessible rainforest regions to agricultural frontier expansion at a scale unprecedented since the mid-eighties. Findings from this study reveal that policies based on household life cycle postulates will have limited impacts in reducing deforestation rates and promoting sustainable land use practices. Appropriate accounting of the social and environmental costs of future infrastructure development projects should consider associated frontier agricultural expansion costs to discourage further deforestation. / Ph. D.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leticia Jorge Wassal.pdf: 22765531 bytes, checksum: 12a7548f718bdf6fb83860a224401a1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-16 / The research sought to understand the emergence of the new central service center in Paul?nia and the changes in the urban fabric of the city, relating thecase to the phenomenon of urban sprawl, often seen in Brazilian metropolitan regions, including the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. Herefore, was studied aspects of urban, architectural, usage and ownership of this new central space. Based on historical surveys, census and management data, enabling reflection on the influence of this new center, split and discontinuous to the main center in the urban dynamic of the city and evaluate the effects resulting from this process. Supported by the previous case study on the Bar?o Geraldo district, carried out in scientific initiation research funded by FAPESP (Foundation for Research Support of S?o Paulo), we could to delineate the common factors in the genesis of these spaces, because they are inserted in the same socio-economic context, and at the same time, the generation of distinct conformations, because they evolved different factors present or previous vocations. As a result of the analysis of flows and demands between the municipality of Paulinia and the Bar?o Geraldo district and the specific political and administrative management of these adjoining areas, we intended to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of this process in the region, among other things, the formation and reproduction of a fragmented landscape with no identity. / A pesquisa buscou compreender o surgimento do novo p?lo centralizador de servi?os do munic?pio de Paul?nia e as mudan?as ocorridas no tecido urbano da cidade, relacionando o processo ao fen?meno da urbaniza??o dispersa, freq?entemente observado nas regi?es metropolitanas brasileiras, inclusive na Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas. Para tal, foram realizados estudos dos aspectos urban?sticos, arquitet?nicos, de uso e apropria??o desta nova centralidade, a partir de levantamentos de dados hist?ricos, censit?rios e de gest?o, que possibilitaram refletir sobre a influ?ncia desta nova ?rea, desdobrada e descont?nua ao centro principal, na din?mica urbana do munic?pio, avaliando os efeitos advindos deste processo. Com o aux?lio de estudo de caso anterior sobre o distrito de Bar?o Geraldo, realizado em pesquisa de inicia??o cient?fica financiado pela FAPESP (Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo), foi poss?vel delinear a presen?a de fatores comuns na g?nese destes espa?os, j? que inseridos no mesmo contexto s?cio-econ?mico, e, ao mesmo tempo, a gera??o de conforma??es distintas, dado que se desenvolveram a partir de diferentes fatores ou voca??es anteriores presentes. Como resultado da an?lise dos fluxos e demandas entre o munic?pio de Paul?nia e o distrito de Bar?o Geraldo e das especificidades de gest?o pol?tico-administrativas destas ?reas lim?trofes, pretendeu-se contribuir para a compreens?o das conseq??ncias deste processo na regi?o, entre outros aspectos, na forma??o e reprodu??o de uma paisagem fragmentada e sem identidade

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar la importancia de la evaluación de las incorrecciones identificadas durante la realización de la auditoria (NIA 450) y su impacto en el sistema de control interno en el sector de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito asociadas a la FENACREP en los distritos de Jesús maría y pueblo libre. Para el desarrollo del presente trabajo, hemos realizado una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa. Por ello, se utilizó encuestas aplicadas a los Gerentes Financieros o auditores internos de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito que se encuentran ubicadas en el área de nuestro punto de investigación y entrevistas para recopilar las opiniones de los Auditores Financieros de las principales firmas de gran reconocimiento en el país. Asimismo, desarrollamos un caso integrador donde se evaluó el efecto de las incorrecciones identificadas y su impacto en el sistema de control interno de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito. Los resultados de la investigación demuestran que las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito si tienen un impacto significativo después de realizada la auditoría externa, debido a los cambios positivos que se generan en la obtención de mejores procedimientos y controles. Todo ello, nos ha permitido concluir que la evaluación de las incorrecciones identificadas durante la auditoria tiene influencia en el sistema de control interno, ya que, después de pasar por un proceso de auditoría externa e identificar las falencias, estos han generado un impacto significativo positivo sobre el control interno, debido a que, las áreas en las que se identificaron los errores pudieron ser analizadas y evaluadas, tanto la reestructuración como la implantación de mejores controles internos para la compañía. / This research aims to demonstrate the importance of the evaluation of the improprieties identified during the completion of the audit (ISA 450) and their impact on the system of internal control in the field of savings and credit cooperatives associated with FENACREP district of Jesus Maria and Pueblo Libre. For this reason, then for the development of this work, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative research. For this reason, we used surveys applied to the financial managers of cooperatives such as credit unions, which are located in the area of our point of research and interviews to collect the views of the financial auditors of the major auditing firms of the world. In addition, we develop a case Integrator where evaluated the effect of the improprieties identified and its impact on the system of internal control of savings and credit cooperatives. The results of the investigation show that the cooperatives of savings and credit if they have a significant impact after the external audit, due to the positive changes they generate in obtaining better procedures and controls. All, has allowed us to conclude that the assessment of the improprieties identified during the audit has influence in the internal control system, because after going through an audit process and identify the flaws, these have generated a Significant impact on internal control because areas identified with errors were able to analyze and evaluate the restructuring and implementation of better internal controls for the company. / Tesis

En el presente trabajo de investigación se analizó la determinación del Impacto Financiero de la Identificación y Valoración de Riesgos de Incorrección de las MYPEs para la Gestión de Recursos y Procesos Operativos del Sector Comercial Textil en la Asociación “Señor de Luren”; tomando como referencia la aplicación de la NIA 315. El tipo de investigación fue analítica, descriptiva y de campo. La población estudiada para el análisis cuantitativo se compone de 115 microempresas dedicadas al comercio textil en la Asociación Comercial “Señor de Luren”; asimismo, la población para el estudio cualitativo se compone de tres especialistas del rubro. Además, se realizó el análisis de tres casos en la cual cada empresa cumple con ciertos procedimientos particulares para un mayor entendimiento en la investigación. Se utilizó una muestra con un nivel de confianza del 0.95. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva. Los resultados arrojaron que el 100% de los encuestados no tienen mapeados sus controles; sin embargo, aplican algunos de ellos por la experiencia que llevan en el rubro. Los microempresarios presentan deficiencias en las políticas contables; así como ineficiencia en la gestión de riesgos. Se recomienda implementar las mejoras propuestas para la Identificación y Valoración de Riesgos de Incorrección en las MYPEs y poder contar con una óptima Gestión de Recursos y de Procesos Operativos. / In the present work of investigation the determination of the Financial Impact of the Identification and Assessment of Risks of Improvement of the mechanisms for the Resource Management and Operational Processes of the Textile Trade Sector in the Association "Señor de Luren" was analyzed; As a reference for the application of ISA 315. The type of research was analytical, descriptive and field. The population studied for the quantitative analysis is composed of 115 micro enterprises dedicated to textile trade in the "Señor de Luren" Commercial Association; likewise, the population for the qualitative study is composed of three specialists of the sector. In addition, an analysis has been made of the cases in which each company meets the particular requirements for a better understanding of the research. A sample with a confidence level of 0.95 is shown. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results showed that 100% of respondents do not have their controls mapped; however, in the case of the experience they have in the field. Microentrepreneurs have deficiencies in accounting policies; As well as inefficiency in risk management. It is recommended to implement the improvements for Resource Management and of Operational Processes. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:27:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 445273.pdf: 1705081 bytes, checksum: e023aad393ba261c92bb5d07ffc80e86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-21 / The first article in this Dissertation demand their inclusion in the debates and discussions that address issues such as environmental policy, sustainable development, territorial development and forest legislation, within the context of the development of the state of Amazonas, in particular, a sustainable development program in execution in the state, called Bolsa Floresta (PBF). Although he started a few years ago, your profile (payment for environmental services) and its territorial approach seem to give him a character in the novel that deals with environmental policy in the region. Even very foolishly, he has been successful in solving problems as the service traditional populations, resolution of territorial conflicts and income generation. Regarding the second article deals with the same controversies existing between economic growth, sustainable development and environmental protection, raised from work as Grossman and Krueger (1995) that describe a relationship between GDP per capita and environmental degradation. Thus this paper aims to investigate this relationship through the identification of spatial patterns of variable deforestation in Amazonas and thus more specifically investigate the influence of income on deforestation, from two main interests (1) test the existence of the Environmental Kuznets curve, (2) measure the importance of the Bolsa Floresta program. For this, an econometric model was constructed with data Cross section for the year 2009, an estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curve for 62 municipalities in the state of Amazonas. The results point to the existence of an environmental CKA at Amazon with the presence of two spatial clusters. / O primeiro artigo desta Disserta??o procura sua inser??o nos debates e discuss?es que tratam de temas como pol?tica ambiental, desenvolvimento sustent?vel, desenvolvimento territorial e legisla??o florestal, dentro do contexto do desenvolvimento do Estado do Amazonas e, em especial, de um programa de desenvolvimento sustent?vel em execu??o no Estado, denominado Programa Bolsa Floresta (PBF). Embora tenha se iniciado h? poucos anos, seu perfil (remunera??o por servi?os ambientais) e sua abordagem territorial parecem dar-lhe um car?ter de inovador no que trata da pol?tica ambiental na regi?o. Mesmo muito insipiente, ele tem obtido bons resultados na resolu??o de problemas como o atendimento as popula??es tradicionais, resolu??o de conflitos territoriais e na gera??o de renda. No que tange o segundo artigo o mesmo trata das controv?rsias existentes entre o crescimento econ?mico, desenvolvimento sustent?vel e prote??o ambiental, levantadas a partir de trabalhos como de Grossman e Krueger (1995) que descrevem uma rela??o existente entre o PIB per capita e a degrada??o ambiental. Desta forma o presente artigo se prop?e a investigar esta rela??o a partir da identifica??o de padr?es espaciais da vari?vel desmatamento no Estado do Amazonas e assim de forma mais espec?fica investigar a influ?ncia da renda sobre o desmatamento, a partir de dois interesses principais (1) testar a exist?ncia da curva de Kuznets Ambiental, (2) mensurar a import?ncia do programa Bolsa Floresta. Para tanto, foi constru?do um modelo econom?trico com dados em Cross section para o ano de 2009, numa estima??o da Curva de Kuznets Ambiental para 62 munic?pios do Estado do Amazonas. Os resultados obtidos apontam para exist?ncia de uma CKA ambiental no Amazonas com presen?a de dois clusters espaciais.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-09T17:46:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAMILA_CAMARGO_DE_SOUZA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3948791 bytes, checksum: c827f34181e47b84d2dc6c25fa596df9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-09T17:46:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAMILA_CAMARGO_DE_SOUZA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3948791 bytes, checksum: c827f34181e47b84d2dc6c25fa596df9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T17:46:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAMILA_CAMARGO_DE_SOUZA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3948791 bytes, checksum: c827f34181e47b84d2dc6c25fa596df9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Gymnophiona M?ller, 1832?with 206 currently recognized species?is the least studied order within Amphibia. The phylogenetic relationships among its members have been historically unstable, with frequent taxonomic changes at the family level due to the recurrent presence of paraphyletic taxa. However, an increase of studies based on morphological and molecular data has built a scaffold of information about the evolutionary relationships among caecilians; even though, a phylogenetic classification of the order has remained a challenge. In 2011 a new taxonomy of Gymnophiona was proposed, where genera were arranged in nine families supposedly monophyletic. This taxonomy was not based on a phylogenetic analysis but on a consensus of the understanding of the evolutionary relationships of the group as inferred by previous studies. However, important conflicts exits among the results and type of analyses performed on these studies. Furthermore, only one study has included the known fossil taxon of Gymnophiona, which despite being fragmented is a valid source of evidence. Due to several and continuous efforts to generate data on caecilians, there is a wealth of hereditary characters available for phylogenetic studies. Thus, it has become crucial to perform a combined analysis of all these data (complete mitochondrial genomes, nuclear DNA sequences, phenotypic characters of extant and fossil taxa) to obtain a phylogenetic hypothesis that maximizes explanatory power. The objective of this study is to infer the evolutionary relationships of Gymnophiona based on a total evidence analysis using parsimony and dynamic homology to evaluate the current taxonomy of the group. Additionally, we also evaluate the effect of different types of alignment (tree versus similarity approaches), the influence of phenotypic characters on a dataset dominated by molecular characters, and the effect of coding indels as missing data. We compiled previously published phenotypic characters, DNA sequences available from GenBank of 47 nuclear and mitochondrial genes of all available taxa, and produced 42 new sequences. When comparing the results obtained from the tree-alignment analysis in POY with those of the similarity alignment in TNT, both recover Rhinatrematidae as sister of Ichthyophiidae + Teresomata. Within Rhinatrematidae, Epicrionops is paraphyletic in all analyses and the relationships within Ichthyophis are unsolved (a polytomy in the strict consensus). POY does not recovered Scolecomorphidae as the sister taxon of all other Teresomata but Typhlonectidae + Caeciliidae. Caecilia is paraphyletic with respect to Oscaecilia and Typhlonectes in relationship to Potamotyphlus. Scolecomorphidae is sister of Herpelidae + Chikilidae. The results of TNT recover a paraphyletic Herpelidae, with Herpele squalostoma sister of Chikilidae. Also, Siphonopidae is non-monophyletic. Indotyphlidae is non-monophyletic in both analyses and Idiocranium is consistently recovered as sister taxon of Dermophiidae. Dermophis is recovered as paraphyletic in the POY analysis, while both Dermophis and Gymnopis are paraphyletic in the TNT analysis. The strict consensus of the molecular dataset is highly congruous with that of the total evidence dataset; however, the former is better resolved (less polytomies), mainly within Indotyphlidae. The analysis of the phenotypic data alone resulted in a complete polytomy, illustrating the need of more research in this avenue. Coding indels as missing data did not cause important topological changes. The main conclusions derived from this study are: (i) the type of alignment of DNA sequences have an evident impact on the phylogenetic hypotheses of Gymnophiona; (ii) the apparent resolution on the evolutionary relationships of the extant supraspecific taxa of Gymnophiona and their monophyly presented in other studies are dependent on the exclusion of relevant evidence?taxa and characters?or the partial presentation of the optimal hypotheses; (iii) only a total evidence analysis allowed us to discover some of the potential cases of paraphyly or misidentification of vouchers; (iv) the phenotypic data currently used in the study of the evolutionary relationships of Gymnophiona contain important levels of non-congruent information and are not sufficient to place the fossil Eocaecilia micropodia within caecilians. This study reveals the need of detailed revision of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Gymnophiona. / Gymnophiona M?ller, 1832 ? a ordem menos estudada dentro de Amphibia, com 206 esp?cies conhecidas. As rela??es filogen?ticas do grupo permaneceram inst?veis por muito tempo, sofrendo com mudan?as no n?mero de fam?lias, devido ? constante presen?a de t?xons parafil?ticos. Uma crescente de estudos com produ??o de evid?ncias moleculares e morfol?gicas tem formado um arcabou?o de informa??es sobre as rela??es evolutivas do grupo. Mesmo assim, uma classifica??o filogen?tica de toda a ordem n?o representava uma tarefa f?cil. Em 2011, foi proposta uma classifica??o ao n?vel de fam?lia, onde os g?neros foram distribu?dos em nove fam?lias supostamente monofil?ticas. Essa proposta n?o foi baseada em uma an?lise filogen?tica, mas sim em um consenso do entendimento das rela??es filogen?ticas inferidas em estudos pr?vios, sendo muitos deles discordantes, tanto em tipos de an?lises, quanto em resultados. Apenas um estudo incluiu um t?xon f?ssil, que apesar de ser pouco representativo em quantidade, representa uma fonte v?lida de evid?ncia. Devido ao grande esfor?o para gerar dados e obter informa??es acerca dos Gymnophiona, existem in?meros caracteres heredit?rios dispon?veis. Dessa forma, percebe-se uma import?ncia em unir todos esses dados (genomas mitocondriais completos, sequ?ncias de genes nucleares, caracteres fenot?picos dos t?xons viventes e f?ssil) para compor uma nova proposta filogen?tica com o maior poder explicativo. Assim, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi inferir as rela??es evolutivas da ordem Gymnophiona em um contexto de evid?ncia total, sob an?lises de parcim?nia e homologia din?mica e avaliar a taxonomia atual de Gymnophiona com base na(s) ?rvore(s) mais parcimoniosa(s). Adicionalmente, avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de alinhamento, a influ?ncia de caracteres fenot?picos em um dataset dominado por dados gen?ticos e o efeito de codificar os indels como dados faltantes. Para isso foram compilados caracteres morfol?gicos de estudos pr?vios, sequ?ncias dispon?veis no GenBank, referentes a 47 genes (nucleares e mitocondriais) de todas as esp?cies dispon?veis, al?m da produ??o de 42 novas sequ?ncias. Comparando os resultados gerados a partir do alinhamento por ?rvore (POY) e do alinhamento por similaridade (TNT) encontramos Rhinatrematidae como grupo-irm?o de Ichthyophiidae + Teresomata. Dentro de Rhinatrematidae, Epicrionops foi recuperado parafil?tico em todas as an?lises e as rela??es dentro de Ichthyophiidae s?o uma politomia. A an?lise do POY n?o recupera Scolecomorphidae como t?xon-irm?o dos demais Teresomata, e sim Typhlonectidae + Caeciliidae. Caecilia ? parafil?tica a Oscaecilia, assim como Typhlonectes com rela??o a Potamotyphlus. Na an?lise via TNT, Herpelidae foi recuperada parafil?tica, com Herpele squalostoma agrupado com Chikilidae. Na an?lise do TNT, Siphonopidae n?o foi recuperada monofil?tica. A fam?lia Indotyphlidae foi n?o-monofil?tica em ambas as an?lises e Idiocranium foi recuperado como o t?xon-irm?o de Dermophiidae. Dermophis surge parafil?tico na an?lise do POY, enquanto que pelo TNT tanto Dermophis quanto Gymnopis surgen parafil?ticos. A topologia da ?rvore constru?da apenas com sequ?ncias de DNA, mostrou-se altamente semelhante ao consenso gerado pelo TNT, embora com alguns poucos clados melhor resolvidos, principalmente em Indotyphlidae. J? a an?lise unicamente morfol?gica restringiu-se a uma politomia total, o que pode ser justificado pela falta de caracteres morfol?gicos ?teis, e que tamb?m pode ser um reflexo da falta de conhecimento acerca deste tipo de evid?ncia. Quanto ? codifica??o de indels como quinto estado ou como dados faltantes, n?o foi observada vantagem sobre nenhum dos testes em rela??o ? topologia do consenso estrito. As principais conclus?es derivadas dos resultados obtidos s?o: (i) o tipo de alinhamento das sequ?ncias de DNA tem um impacto evidente nas hip?teses filogen?ticas; (ii) a aparente resolu??o da hist?ria evolutiva dos atuais t?xons supraespec?ficos de Gymnophiona e sua monofilia, apresentada em outros estudos, dependem da exclus?o de evid?ncia relevante das an?lises ou da apresenta??o parcial das hip?teses ?timas; (iii) s? a an?lise de evid?ncia total permitiu descobrir casos potenciais de parafilia ou identifica??o errada de terminais; (iv) os dados fenot?picos atualmente usados no estudo das rela??es evolutivas de Gymnophiona t?m altos n?veis de informa??o n?o congruente e n?o s?o suficentes para a inclus?o do t?xon f?ssil Eocaecilia micropodia dentro de Gymnophiona. O presente estudo revela a necessidade de uma revis?o detalhada da taxonomia e filogen?tica de Gymnophiona.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-04-11T21:06:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese final Ana Carolina-.pdf: 2069305 bytes, checksum: d639d8880ea9572c9a3ab7a9e940b690 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T21:06:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese final Ana Carolina-.pdf: 2069305 bytes, checksum: d639d8880ea9572c9a3ab7a9e940b690 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-26 / (In vitro propagation and acclimatization of medicinal species: Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt&R.M.Sm. (Zingiberaceae) and Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae). Alpinia zerumbet and Solidago chilensis are known for their ornamental and medicinal values. There are few reports in the literature on micropropagation of Alpinia zerumbet and none about Solidago chilensis, which demonstrates the need for studies. This work aimed to study in vitro propagation of the species, involving micropropagation and developing protocols for organogenesis. For in vitro establishment were tested different types of explants, disinfestation methods and antioxidants. For multiplication, these explants were tested with plant growth regulators naftalen acetic acid and benzilaminopurin isolated and combined, and dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin, isolated and combined. It was made anatomical characterization of callus formation. For acclimatization, after pre-acclimatization, the seedlings were transferred to plastic cups containing sterilized substrate, capped with plastic bottles and taken to a greenhouse with 50% shading, where the bottle caps were unscrewed slowly. The results showed success in establishing in vitro of A. zerumbet crucial step to start large-scale cultivation. Against contamination, the most effective treatment was 4ml PPM/L (Plant Preservative Mixture), controlling 100% of pathogens. As an antioxidant, ascorbic acid (2%) was the most efficient. There was budding A. zerumbet derivatives bud explants. There was no decline in the propagation rate during in vitro subcultures, however growth is very slow. S. chilensis, explants nodal segments showed a higher rate of multiplication. There was no decline in the spread rate over four subcultures in vitro and the seedlings had a high survival rate in the acclimatization phase. / Alpinia zerumbet e Solidago chilensis s?o conhecidas pelos valores ornamental e medicinal. Existem poucos relatos na literatura sobre micropropaga??o de Alpinia zerumbet e nenhum sobre Solidago chilensis, o que demonstra necessidade de estudos. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a propaga??o in vitro das esp?cies, envolvendo micropropaga??o e desenvolvendo protocolos para organog?nese. Para o estabelecimento in vitro foram testados diferentes tipos de explantes, m?todos de desinfesta??o e antioxidantes. Para multiplica??o, esses explantes foram testados com reguladores vegetais: ?cido naftalenoac?tico e benzilaminopurina isolados e combinados, al?m de ?cido 2,4-diclorofenoxiac?tico e cinetina, isolados e combinados. Foi feita caracteriza??o anat?mica da calog?nese. Para aclimatiza??o, ap?s a pr?-aclimatiza??o, as mudas foram transferidas para copos pl?sticos contendo substrato esterilizado, tampados com garrafas pet e levados para casa de vegeta??o com sombrite 50%, onde as tampas das garrafas foram desenroscadas aos poucos. Os resultados mostraram sucesso no estabelecimento in vitro de A. zerumbet, etapa crucial para iniciar cultivo em larga escala. Contra contamina??o, o tratamento mais efetivo foi 4mL de PPM/L (Plant Preservative Mixture), controlando 100% dos pat?genos. Como antioxidante, o ?cido asc?rbico (2%) foi o mais eficiente. Houve brota??o de A. zerumbet em explantes derivados de gemas. N?o foi observado decl?nio na taxa de propaga??o no decorrer dos subcultivos in vitro, contudo o crescimento ? muito lento. Para S. chilensis, explantes de segmentos nodais apresentaram maior taxa de multiplica??o. N?o foi observado decl?nio na taxa de propaga??o no decorrer de quatro subcultivos in vitro e as mudas apresentaram alto ?ndice de sobreviv?ncia na fase de aclimatiza??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:41:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 419171.pdf: 4008702 bytes, checksum: ce1487b620a6469d8cf9cedf43171b38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-16 / Esta disserta??o tem a finalidade de compreender os mecanismos acionados no jornal Di?rio da Amaz?nia, de Porto Velho (RO), para a legitima??o de pr?ticas culturais tomadas como constituidoras da identidade de Rond?nia. Para isso privilegiam-se contribui??es de autores ligados aos Estudos Culturais: Stuart Hall, N?stor Garcia Canclini, e Jes?s Martin-Barbero. Na discuss?o ? feita a recupera??o do percurso s?cio-hist?rico da Amaz?nia e Rond?nia, e dos discursos postos em circula??o em diferentes ?pocas, principalmente a partir da d?cada de 1960, devido ? intensa imigra??o para Rond?nia, que colocou em confronto as vis?es de mundo de colonos e ribeirinhos, cen?rio sobre o qual se constitui a sociedade rondoniense. Tamb?m ? apresentado o cen?rio de Comunica??o Social e dos ve?culos que atuam no estado, especialmente do Di?rio da Amaz?nia e do grupo de empresas de comunica??o do qual faz parte, o SGC. A disserta??o considera as coberturas de festas ligadas aos complexos culturais ribeirinho e da coloniza??o, realizada pelo Di?rio da Amaz?nia entre os meses de junho e setembro de 2009, e centra-se no per?odo de uma semana para an?lise de mat?rias referentes a festas de um e outro complexo cultural. A base do percurso metodol?gico ? o Mapa das Media??es, em espec?fico as Matrizes Culturais, L?gicas de Produ??o e Formatos Industriais, e as media??es da institucionalidade e tecnicidade existente entre elas, de forma a cobrir a inst?ncia da produ??o.