No description available.

No description available.

Neonatal immune responses are typically deficient against a wide variety of antigens, including alloantigens, vaccine antigens, and infectious agents. These responses are characterized by Th2-skewed cytokine production, and deficient Th1 and cytotoxic responses. However, these deficient responses can be boosted to adult levels by the use of strong, Th1 promoting agents. This demonstrates that neonates are capable of developing mature immune responses under specific conditions. Using two different murine models, we have found that neonates develop robust Th and cytotoxic responses, which under some antigenic conditions significantly exceed those of adults. First, using a model of early life exposure to noninherited maternal antigens (NIMA), we found that murine neonates develop robust in vivo cytotoxic responses to low doses of alloantigens. Importantly, primary in vivo cytotoxic responses to alloantigen developed during the neonatal period, and persisted into adulthood. Neonates developed similar memory cytotoxic responses to donor spleen cells, bone marrow, and stem cell-enriched (Lin-) bone marrow cells, suggesting that the exposure dose is more important than the type of transplanted donor cell for the development of cytotoxicity. NIMA-exposed neonates also developed vigorous primary and memory allospecific Th1/Th2 responses which exceeded the responses of adults. These findings suggest that early exposure to low levels of NIMA may lead to long term immunological priming of all arms of T cell adaptive immunity. Second, we characterized the phenotype and function of neonatal recent thymic emigrants (RTE). RTE are the predominant cell type in murine neonates, and are present at higher frequencies within the neonatal CD4+ compartment than in adults. Our data demonstrate that RTE from murine neonates and adults are phenotypically and functionally distinct. In particular, although the magnitude of RTE cytokine responses from both age groups is dependent on the conditions of activation, neonatal RTE consistently exhibited higher levels of effector cytokine production than adult RTE. In particular, activation of neonatal RTE in the presence of IL-7 lead to greatly increased IFNgamma production, while adult responses were not altered. Overall, neonatal RTE responses were more plastic than those of adult RTE, as both Th1 and Th2 responses were altered in neonates using various activation conditions, while only Th2 responses were consistently changed in adults. Finally, in contrast to adult RTE, neonatal RTE proliferated in response to IL-7 stimulation at very early timepoints. This was associated with faster kinetics of IL-7Ralpha downregulation and higher levels of pSTAT5 in neonatal RTE. These quantitative and qualitative differences in neonatal RTE populations may largely explain the diverse responses that are elicited in neonates in response to different antigens, especially under those conditions in which Th1 responses are enhanced (i.e., exposure to NIMA alloantigens). Taken together, these data demonstrate that neonatal T cell responses are actually highly plastic, instead of intrinsically deficient. Furthermore, if given optimal stimulation conditions, neonatal responses can actually exceed those produced by adults.

No description available.

Cette thèse examine la manière dont les poètes iraniens du XXe siècle ont reçu la littérature française et le rôle que celle-ci a joué, d'une part dans le processus de modernisation de la poésie persane et d'autre part dans l'émergence d'une nouvelle poétique. À cet égard, elle cherche à analyser et à comprendre les rapports que les auteurs iraniens ont entretenus avec les œuvres littéraires françaises et comment ils ont tenté d'imprégner leurs propres productions de cette influence issue de l'Occident. Ce travail de recherche relate l'histoire d'une littérature, en quête de renouvellement, qui conduit finalement, par le biais du poète Nima, à l'avènement d'une Poésie Nouvelle (Še’r-e now). La thèse propose une lecture de cette poésie, à la lumière des œuvres françaises qui l'ont influencée, et donne des clés de compréhension de la poétique nimaïenne et de ses concepts. / This thesis examines the way Iranian poets of XXth century welcomed French literature and the role it played, first in the modernisation process of Persian poetry and secondly, in the emergence of a new poetics. In this regard, this thesis seeks to analyse and to understand the relationships that Iranian authors developed with French literary works and how its western influence pervaded their own productions. This research relates the story of a literature in search of renewal, which finally leads, through the poet Nima, to the rise of a New Poetry (Še’r-e now). This thesis offers a lecture of this poetry, in the light of the French works that influenced it, and gives keys to comprehend Nimaian poetics and its concepts.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T23:22:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ItaloDiegoReboucasDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1921634 bytes, checksum: f5b0152026c412caa425bbe005935152 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-12T21:29:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ItaloDiegoReboucasDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1921634 bytes, checksum: f5b0152026c412caa425bbe005935152 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T21:29:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ItaloDiegoReboucasDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1921634 bytes, checksum: f5b0152026c412caa425bbe005935152 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-30 / Atualmente, v?m intensificando-se os estudos na ?rea de qu?mica medicinal com intuito de elucidar novos fitof?rmacos, seja atrav?s da obten??o de extratos, fra??es, compostos isolados ou ?leos essenciais que apresentem algum tipo de atividade biol?gica. Neste contexto, destaca-se a aroeira-do-sert?o (Myracrodruon urundeuva), da fam?lia Anacardiaceae, j? estudada quanto ao potencial antimicrobiano, anti-inflamat?rio e cicatrizante. Motivado por novas alternativas terap?uticas, considerando a crescente resist?ncia microbiana, esse estudo avaliou a atividade antimicrobiana de produtos naturais obtidos das folhas da referida planta. Dentre estes est? um ?leo essencial, que foi extra?do por hidrodestila??o, caracterizado por RMN e GC-MS, e avaliado quanto ? citotoxicidade, al?m de extratos org?nicos, que foram analisados quanto ? atividade antimicrobiana: metan?lico liofilizado, obtido por decoc??o; clorof?rmico e acetato de etila, extra?dos ? temperatura ambiente com seus respectivos solventes e filtrados sob press?o reduzida. A atividade antibacteriana foi avaliada pela t?cnica da microdilui??o em caldo, na qual as CIMs foram determinadas utilizando CTT (cloreto de 2,3,5-trifenil-tetrazolium) como revelador do crescimento bacteriano, e as CBMs por meio da an?lise do crescimento do conte?do dos po?os em ?gar BHI. A citotoxicidade do ?leo foi avaliada pelo m?todo do MTT, brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil tetraz?lio. O ?leo, na caracteriza??o qu?mica, dentre os terpenos identificados, apresentou como constituinte majorit?rio o ?-pineno (87,85%). Al?m disso, tal ?leo mostrou atividade antibacteriana frente a todas as cepas testadas, onde para algumas destas ocorreu equival?ncia entre os valores de CIM e CBM, que foram de 0,22 mg/mL para Staphylococcus aureus, 0,44 mg/mL para Salmonella Enteritidis e 7 mg/mL para Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J? para Staphylococcus epidermidis a CIM foi 0,11 mg/mL e a CBM 0,22 mg/mL. Escherichia coli foi inibida com CIM de 0,88 mg/mL e CBM de 1,75 mg/mL. Equival?ncia entre CIM e CBM foi observada para extrato metan?lico frente a S. epidermidis (9,75 mg/mL). Para S. aureus, a CIM deste extrato foi de 9,75 mg/mL e a CBM 78 mg/mL. Foram resistentes a tal extrato: E. coli, S. Enteritidis e P. aeruginosa. Os extratos clorof?rmico e acetato de etila foram bacteriost?ticos frente ?s cinco cepas, por?m, o clorof?rmico inibiu todas estas com CIM de 15 mg/mL, enquanto o acetato de etila apresentou CIMs de 7,56 mg/mL para S. aureus, 1,89 mg/mL para S. epidermidis, 15,12 mg/mL para S. Enteritidis e 30,25 mg/mL tanto para E. coli quanto para P. aeruginosa. Quanto ? citotoxicidade, o ?leo essencial comprometeu a viabilidade celular da linhagem Vero E6, apenas na maior concentra??o, 4,4 mg/mL, inibindo cerca de 93,91% em 24h e 94,26% em 48h. Nas c?lulas HeLa, em 24h o ?leo nessa mesma dose, teve inibi??o de 21%, que ap?s 48h aumentou para 44,3%, mostrando poss?vel a??o antitumoral. Para a linhagem de c?lulas n?o tumorais HEK-293, o ?leo n?o exerceu efeito t?xico sobre as mesmas. Conclui-se que os resultados s?o promissores, abrindo perspectivas futuras dos produtos das folhas de M. urundeuva serem farmacologicamente vi?veis. / Nowadays, studies in the field of medicinal chemistry have been intensified to elucidate new phytopharmaceuticals, by either obtaining extracts, fractions, isolated compounds or essential oils that present some type of biological activity. In this context, stands out the aroeira-do-sert?o (Myracrodruon urundeuva), of the family Anacardiaceae, studied regarding the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cicatrizant potential. Motivated by new therapeutic alternatives, considering the growing microbial resistance, this study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of natural products obtained from the leaves of said plant. Among these is an essential oil, which was extracted by hydrodistillation, characterized by NMR and GC-MS, and evaluated for cytotoxicity, in addition, organic extracts, which were analyzed for antimicrobial activity: lyophilized methanolic obtained by decoction; Chloroform and ethyl acetate, extracted at room temperature with their respective solvents and filtered under reduced pressure. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the microdilution technique in broth, in which the MICs were determined using CTT (2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride) as a bacterial growth promoter, and the CBMs were analyzed by growth analysis of the contents of wells on BHI agar. The cytotoxicity of the oil was evaluated by the MTT method, 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide. The oil had as main constituent the ?-pinene (87.85%) among the terpenes identified in the chemical characterization. In addition, this oil showed antibacterial activity against all strains tested, where for some of these, equivalence between MIC and MBC values, which were 0.22 mg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 0.44 mg/mL for Salmonella Enteritidis and 7 mg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For Staphylococcus epidermidis the MIC was 0.11 mg/mL and the MBC was 0.22 mg/mL. Escherichia coli was inhibited with MIC of 0.88 mg/mL and MBC of 1.75 mg/mL. Equivalence between MIC and MBC was observed for methanolic extract against S. epidermidis (9.75 mg/mL). For S. aureus, the MIC of this extract was 9.75 mg/mL and the MBC 78 mg/mL. They were resistant to such extract: E. coli, S. Enteritidis and P. aeruginosa. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were bacteriostatic against the five strains, but chloroform inhibited them all with MICs of 15 mg/mL, while ethyl acetate had MICs of 7.56 mg/mL for S. aureus, 1.89 mg/mL for S. epidermidis, 15.12 mg/mL for S. Enteritidis and 30.25 mg/mL for E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Regarding cytotoxicity, the essential oil compromised the cell viability of the Vero E6 line, only at the highest concentration, 4.4 mg/mL, inhibiting about 93.91% in 24h and 94.26% in 48h. In HeLa cells, in 24h the oil at the same dose had inhibition of 21%, which after 48h increased to 44.3%, showing a possible antitumor action. For the non-tumor cell line HEK-293, the oil had no toxic effect. It is concluded that the results are promising, opening future prospects for M. urundeuva leaf products being pharmacologically viable.

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<p>This thesis employs Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion of architectonics to examine the poetry of Nima Yushij, the father of “New Persian Poetry.” The architectonic structure of Nima’s poems presupposes an authorial position situated outside the whole of the work. Outsideness provides the author with the distance that is necessary for consummating the hero and all other elements inside the work’s environment in determinate spatial and temporal boundaries. As Bakhtin puts it, only in this way can the author acquire a surplus of seeing that is required for adopting a valuational stance in relation the hero and the work as a whole. To Bakhtin, the author’s valuational stance toward the hero is the essence of the aesthetic product. This valuational position vis-à-vis the other, which generates what Michael Holquist calls the “structure of authoring,” is enacted on multiple levels in Nima’s poems as the hero, and sometimes the narrator, also perform the authorial function vis-à-vis other characters inside the poem, i.e., fixing them in determinate spatial and temporal boundaries. Of course, from the author’s perspective, the hero and the narrator are also situated inside the poem and occupy specific horizons in its environment. In this sense, their authoring activity is not a precisely aesthetic activity. Nevertheless, Nima utilizes the hero and the narrator’ activity to foreground the structure of authoring inside the poem, to make its dynamics “viewable.” This is a point that I will try to elucidate fully in the course of this study.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:39:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WaleskaPLS.pdf: 342488 bytes, checksum: 31bd914bc1b9f008710c1f6723631464 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The intention of this study was to identify the school conception (conceptions) in the discourse of poor children. There were inquired two groups of subjects: the first was composed of children that inserted precociously themselves into the work market and must to go to school because they take part in one of the governmental programs, called, minimum income programs. The second will be composed of children that live in the poorest district in Natal/RN city. And don?t have obligatoriness to go to school. Thus, thematics like precocious work, minimum income program, capitalism, neoliberalism was aproached in our discussion. We also intended to make a illustrate with Pinochio Adventures fable, because its conception school is similar like real official discourse school from everybody. In cited narrative, the character Gepeto didn t know what s a truth child but knows that exist a place in city where his maledoll Pinochio would be one the school. Thus, this institution was destine by the justice and politics from Gepetos s city how children right. Pinochio, in the book s end, to be transformed himself in a truth child because learned in school responsible and goodness behaviors. To uphold our inquiry we used the Content Analysis and socio-historical perspectives. The result showed that the children know that exist differents schools: yours and other, to rich class. Their school is admited like good, it is a study place, it isn?t disorders place; and also make propotional to social ascencion. The children s discourses is similar to capitalism s discourse / A inten??o deste estudo foi identificar a(s) concep??o (concep??es) de escola no discurso de crian?as da classe pobre. Foram investigados dois grupos de crian?as: um composto por crian?as que viveram situa??o de inser??o precoce no mercado do trabalho, que t?m obrigatoriedade de freq?entar a escola visto que fazem parte de um dentre os programas de governo denominados de programas de renda-m?nima e, outro, de crian?as que, apesar de viverem em um bairro caracterizado por ser o mais pobre, n?o t?m obrigatoriedade de freq?entar a escola. Assim, tem?ticas como trabalho precoce, programas de renda m?nima, capitalismo e neoliberalismo estiveram presentes na discuss?o apresentada, procurando-se estabelecer uma rela??o com a obra As Aventuras de Pin?quio , de Carlo Collodi, cuja concep??o de escola ? bastante similar ? do discurso oficial atual escola para todos. Na obra citada, o personagem Gepeto n?o sabia o que era ser um menino de verdade , mas sabia que existia um lugar na cidade, onde seu boneco Pin?quio se tornaria um deles a escola. Assim, essa institui??o foi designada pela justi?a e pela pol?tica da cidade de Gepeto como um direito da inf?ncia. Pin?quio, no final da narrativa, transforma-se em um menino de verdade porque desenvolve comportamentos de responsabilidade e bondade aprendidos na escola. Para consubstanciar nossa investiga??o, utilizamos as perspectivas da An?lise de Conte?do e a hist?rico-cultural. O resultado mostrou que as crian?as sabem que existem diferentes escolas: a sua e outra a da classe rica. A escola delas ? concebida como boa; como lugar de estudo e n?o de bagun?a; e como possibilitadora de ascens?o social. Este discurso ? similar ao discurso do sistema s?cio-econ?mico capitalista no qual o Brasil est? inserido

Submitted by Natalie Mendes (nataliermendes@gmail.com) on 2015-07-28T23:01:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 COMPOSI??O QU?MICA DO ?LEO ESSENCIAL DE Lippia origanoides Kunth E ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA FRENTE A DIFERENTES SOROTIPOS~1.pdf: 1434340 bytes, checksum: 8072381e4bdaa1aac1583317e834ac0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-28T23:01:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 COMPOSI??O QU?MICA DO ?LEO ESSENCIAL DE Lippia origanoides Kunth E ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA FRENTE A DIFERENTES SOROTIPOS~1.pdf: 1434340 bytes, checksum: 8072381e4bdaa1aac1583317e834ac0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Pig farming has become increasingly important in recent years in Brazil, because of this, studies for the treatment of diseases that cause the loss of mass of meat animals has increased significantly, such as the Glasser's disease caused by Haemophilus parasuis. Some initial studies have shown human resistance to antibiotics due to the consumption of meat produced with high levels of these substances, and alternatively treatments have been developed from natural products. Lippia origanoides Kunth is presented as a natural source of antimicrobial substances due to the composition of the essential oil obtained, mainly, from the leaves of this plant. In this study the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia origanoides Kunth, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against Haemophilus parasuis serotypes 1,2,4,5,9,10,12,13,14 and one untypable was studied. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of the dried leaves and the chemical composition analysis revealed the presence of carvacrol as the predominant component, which characterizes the chemotype B. The results of the antimicrobial activity demonstrated the inhibitory effect of essential oil samples for all tested bacteria. The best result was 0.005% against the sample MV12315 (serotype 10) while the least satisfactory was 0.078% against the sample MV12196 (serotype 12). Results demonstrate the bactericidal action of the oil against the different serotypes of Haemophilus parasuis. / A suinocultura vem se sobressaindo nos ?ltimos anos no Brasil, por isso aumentam os estudos para tratamento das doen?as que causam perdas de carca?a dos animais, como a doen?a de Gl?sser, provocada pelo Haemophilus parasuis. Alguns trabalhos incipientes demonstram a resist?ncia humana a antibi?ticos devido ao consumo de carnes produzidas com altos ?ndices destas subst?ncias, e tratamento alternativos com produtos naturais vem sendo desenvolvidos. Lippia origanoides Kunth se apresenta como uma fonte natural de subst?ncias antimicrobianas devido ? composi??o do seu ?leo essencial obtido principalmente das folhas desta planta. Este trabalho avaliou a atividade antimicrobiana do ?leo essencial de Lippia origanoides atrav?s da determina??o da Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima (CIM) e Concentra??o Bactericida M?nima (CBM) frente a amostras de campo do Haemophilus parasuis com sorotipos 1,2,4,5,9,10,12,13,14 e um n?o sorotip?vel. Os ?leos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestila??o das folhas secas ap?s tr?s horas, e na an?lise da composi??o qu?mica, o carvacrol foi identificado como componente predominante, caracterizando-o como quimiotipo B. Os resultados de atividade antimicrobiana demonstram o efeito inibit?rio do ?leo essencial para todas as amostras de bact?rias testadas. O melhor resultado encontrado foi de 0,005% frente a amostra MV12315 (sorotipo 10) enquanto o menos satisfat?rio foi de 0,078% contra a amostra MV12196 (sorotipo 12). Os resultados obtidos demonstram a a??o bactericida do ?leo para os diferentes sorotipos do Haemophilus parasuis.