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Naked mole-rats are eusocial rodents that live in subterranean colonies with a strict reproductive and social hierarchy. Breeders are socially dominant and other colony members are non-reproductive subordinates. The effects of manipulating the serotonergic system on aggression are well studied in many species, but not in eusocial rodents like the naked mole-rat. For the current study, the effects of fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX) on status-specific behaviours of subordinates (Experiment 1) and queens (Experiment 2) were evaluated both in-colony and in a social-pairing paradigm to investigate how the serotonergic system influences aggression in this species. In accordance with our main hypothesis, chronic treatment of FLX attenuated the frequency and duration of aggression in queens, but not subordinates, when paired with an unfamiliar conspecific. Further exploration of pharmacological manipulation on status-specific behaviours of this eusocial species may elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying their unique and rigid social hierarchy.

La recherche d’espaces dépouillés est l’un des grands marqueurs de l’évolution de la scénographie au XXe siècle. De même que pour les arts plastiques, cette tension vers le vide est associée à la redéfinition des formes dans leur mutation moderne et postmoderne. Plateaux nus et espaces vides constituent deux modalités particulières de cette recherche de l’épure. Le plateau nu débarrasse la scène du décor et de son appareil illusionniste et resserre la représentation sur la présence d’un acteur et l’écoute du texte. D’abord solution pratique, rupture avec un théâtre commercial et bourgeois, le plateau nu est ancré dans une conception éthique du théâtre. Cette première partie de l’étude se fonde sur les espaces de Jacques Copeau, Jean Vilar, Antoine Vitez et Christian Schiaretti. L’espace vide, étudié à travers le travail de Peter Brook, Claude Régy, Joël Pommerat et Nacera Belaza cherche à construire un ailleurs. Cette étude propose d’étudier le succès contemporain des esthétiques scéniques du vide et du dépouillement. Aujourd’hui, le plateau nu est devenu un patrimoine, portant en lui les valeurs du théâtre public et s’associant implicitement à une célébration de ses pionniers, Jacques Copeau et Jean Vilar. L’espace vide, vu à travers les traditions orientales se charge d’une spiritualité, et est aussi perçu comme l’au-delà mental de la représentation. Espaces vides et plateaux nus, s’ils ont pu naître de contraintes économiques sont aujourd’hui devenus des espaces luxueux. / The research of concise spaces is one of the marks of the scenography evolution on the 20th century. As in the visual arts, this mouvement towards to the void is associated with a redefinition of the forms in their modern and postmodern mutations. Naked stages and empty spaces constitute two particular modalities of research of an uncluttered style. The naked stage removes the scenery and the scenic illusion from the stage to focus its representation on the actor and the text. Starting as a practical solution and rupture with commercial and bourgeois theater, the naked stage is anchored in an ethical conception of theater. This first part of this study is based on the spaces according to Jacques Copeau, Jean Vilar, Antoine Vitez and Christian Schiaretti. The empty space seeks to find new horizons, examined through the concepts of space by Peter Brook, Claude Régy, Joël Pommerat and Nacera Belaza. This study proposes to examine the contemporary success of aesthetic scenics based on void and bareness. The naked stage has become nowadays a heritage, carrying values of public theater, and being implicitly associated with a celebration of its pioneers Jacques Copeau and Jean Vilar. Seen throughout eastern traditions, the empty stage is filled with spirituality and thus becomes a mental hereafter of the representation. Initially consequence of an economical imposition, naked stages and empty spaces have become luxurious spaces nowadays.

The aim of the thesis was to assess the formation and reduction in the yield of naked and hulled oat varieties. The research was conducted two years and it was mainly focused on the main elements of income as a number of plants, cuttings, and lat per m2, further was assessed the number of grains per panicle 1, weight of thousand grains and total grain yield. As an additional assessment of quality indicators have been established; volume weight and the proportion of grains of the front. The values of determined individual elements have been compared to each other and evaluated by statistical analysis. The results based on the naked oat varieties attain average yields of grain; diameter compared varieties of naked oats totalled 3.03 tons per hectare, diameter of hulled varieties amounted to 5.03 tons per hectare and other indicators also moved around the average values. It was confirmed that the newer varieties are breeding to a higher threshold of revenue, while old varieties exhibit better values of the quality parameters.

This project formulates an original psycho-cultural approach by studying the cultural and therapeutic value of Gok Wan’s makeover series How To Look Good Naked. Through an in-depth application of Donald Woods Winnicott’s object relations psychoanalysis to the textual narratives of the makeover show, and by developing a viewing method that derives from psychoanalytic training on observation, this thesis offers an account of the affective impact of Gok Wan’s popular makeover phenomenon. This thesis addresses key themes and elements that signal the evolution of British makeover television and identifies how Gok Wan’s format and strategies chime with what has widely been hailed as a particularly ‘therapeutic’ moment in popular culture. The emblematic features of Gok Wan’s rendition of the makeover format highlights its potential positive outcomes by examining the articulation of current embodied feminine subjective experiences, in order to interrogate the complex relationship between postfeminism and therapeutic discourse. This thesis recognises that the therapeutic opportunity of Gok Wan’s method lies in the transformational process by creating emotionally constructive spaces where the articulation of experiences leads to inner self-discovery. Playful mechanisms of creativity are central to Gok Wan’s empathetic approach to working with participants to enable transformation, reflecting a number of key themes in object relations psychoanalysis and its understanding of self-experience. The opportunities afforded to participants for self-interpretation create a useful platform to reflect on Gok Wan’s role, who has been candid about the parallels between his own emotional experience and that of his participants. Psychoanalytic models of transference and countertransference indicate how this dynamic challenges dominant notions of the makeover expert as omnipotent. This project demonstrates the value of object relations psychoanalysis for critical interventions in the field of media, cultural and feminist studies in order to provide a deeper understanding of the affective impact of makeover television in shaping notions of subjective experience.

The work deals with the qualitative properties of naked and hulled oats. The theoretical part includes a review of literature on botanical characteristics , use, production process and quality oats. The practical part deals with the results attempt during the years 2011 and 2012.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-11-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_dcn_me_jabo.pdf: 407919 bytes, checksum: 3930979a2f0f5e0e060aea3b093cd8fc (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Foram conduzidos seis experimentos para determinar as exigências de lisina (Lis) e de metionina + cistina (Met+cis) digestíveis para aves de corte da linhagem ISA Label de ambos os sexos em sistema semi-confinado durante as fases inicial (1 aos 28 dias), crescimento (28 aos 56 dias) e final (56 aos 84 dias). Em cada experimento um total de 480 aves foram alojadas em 24 piquetes. Cada piquete dispunha de área coberta de 3,13 m2 e área de pastejo de 72,87 m2. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2 (níveis de aminoácido e sexo) com três repetições de 20 aves cada. Os níveis de lisina digestível avaliados foram: 0,850; 0,970; 1,090; 1,210% na fase inicial; 0,750; 0,870; 0,990; 1,110% na fase crescimento e 0,640; 0,760; 0,880; 1,000% na fase final. Os níveis de Met+cis digestível avaliados foram: 0,532; 0,652; 0,772; 0,892% na fase inicial; 0,515; 0,635; 0,755; 0,875% na fase de crescimento e 0,469; 0,589; 0,709; 0,829% na fase final. Avaliou-se o desempenho, característica de carcaça, deposição de proteína e gordura corporal, peso e teor de proteína das penas. De acordo com os resultados recomenda-se níveis de lisina digestível para ambos os sexos de 1,041%; 1,006% e 0,760% na ração para as fases inicial, crescimento e final, respectivamente. Na fase inicial o nível de Met+cis digestível na ração, indicado para machos é de 0,728% e para fêmeas é de 0,774%. Na fase de crescimento recomenda-se o nível de 0,716% de Met+cis digestível na ração para aves de ambos os sexos. Na fase final o nível de Met+cis digestível indicado para melhorar o desempenho de machos é 0,756% e de fêmeas é 0,597% na ração. / Six assay were carried out to determine digestible lysine and methionine+cys requirements for ISA Label, for both sex, in free range system on starter phase (1 to 28 days), grower phase (28 to 56 days) and finisher phase (56 to 84 days). 480 birds were distributed into 24 pens, each one composed by shelter (3.13 m2) and pasture (72.87m2). Experimental design was a completely randomized with 8 treatments as factorial arrangement (four levels of amino acids and two sexes) with three replicates of 20 birds. The digestible lysine levels were 0.850; 0.970; 1.090; 1.210% for starter phase; 0.750; 0.870; 0.990; 1.110% for grower phase and 0.640; 0.760; 0.880; 1.000% for finisher phase. The digestible methionine+cys levels were 0.532; 0.652; 0.772; 0.892% for starter phase; 0.515; 0.635; 0.755; 0.875% for grower phase and 0.469; 0.589; 0.709; 0.829% for finisher phase. The parameters analyzed were performance, carcass yield, body protein and fat deposition, weight and protein in the feathers. The digestible lysine level estimated, for both sex, were 1.041%; 1.006% e 0.760% in the diet for starter phase, grower phase and finisher phase, respectively. In the starter phase, the digestible methionine+cys level estimated for males was 0.728% and 0.774% for females. For grower phase, the digestible methionine+cys level estimated was 0.716% for both sexes. For the finisher phase, the methionine+cys level were 0.756% and 0.597% for males and females, respectively.

O propósito desta investigação foi identificar e analisar os incidentes positivos e negativos, que envolveram a exposição corporal do cliente e a invasão da sua privacidade durante a assistência em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, visto que para a realização de vários cuidados e procedimentos a nudez parcial ou total é inevitável. A população constitui-se de 15 enfermeiras lotadas em UTIs de atendimento ao adulto, no município de Maringá - PR. Como procedimento metodológico empregou-se a Técnica do Incidente Crítico (TIC), obtendo-se 30 relatos, 15 positivos e 15 negativos, dos quais extraíram-se 22 incidentes críticos positivos (ICP) e 30 negativos (ICN). Estes foram compilados em 6 categorias denominadas como Necessidades Básicas, Admissão e Permanência na UTI, Procedimentos Terapêuticos, Avaliação Física, Horário de Visita e Manifestação da Sexualidade. Os comportamentos da equipe de saúde extraídos dos incidentes críticos foram agrupados em 5 categorias, constituindo-se em Questão de Gênero, Proteção e Manutenção da Privacidade, Atitudes do Profissional, Orientação ao Cliente e Orientação à Equipe de Saúde. Da mesma forma, os comportamentos dos clientes identificados foram distribuídos em 3 categorias, definidas como Questão de Gênero, Proteção e Manutenção da Privacidade e Atitudes do Cliente. As conseqüências para a equipe de saúde e para os clientes oriundas dos incidentes constituíram 4 categorias, formuladas como Sentimentos Negativos, Sentimentos Positivos, Prejuízo na Qualidade da Assistência e Garantia da Qualidade da Assistência. A interpretação dos resultados evidenciou que a categoria de situação mais freqüente nos ICP foi Necessidades Básicas (21,2%) e entre os ICN foi Admissão e Permanência na UTI (15,4%). A categoria de comportamento da equipe de saúde que prevaleceu nos ICP (41,1%) e nos ICN (41,4%) foi Proteção e Manutenção da Privacidade, ao passo que a categoria de comportamento dos clientes predominante entre os ICP foi Questão de Gênero (45,1%) e nos ICN foi Proteção e Manutenção da Privacidade (59,6%). A categoria de conseqüência mais freqüente para a equipe de saúde entre os ICP foi Garantia da Qualidade da Assistência (41,1%) e para os clientes foram os Sentimentos Positivos (37,6%), evidenciando-se que prevaleceram Sentimentos Negativos nos ICN para a equipe de saúde (41,5%) e para os clientes (57,3%). Verificou-se melhor preparo da enfermagem para contornar problemas relacionados ao atendimento das necessidades básicas, porém denota-se despreparo e falta de habilidade para lidar com a maioria das situações. Constatou-se que equipe de saúde e clientes, principalmente a enfermagem, manifesta os mesmos sentimentos frente à exposição corporal do cliente durante a assistência. Evidenciou-se que os aspectos que garantem melhor qualidade à assistência para ambos são proteção da intimidade, respeito, confiança, orientação e compreensão da mesma, ao passo que as que mais prejudicam a qualidade da assistência são desproteção e invasão da intimidade, desconsideração do profissional pelo cliente e dificuldade da equipe em lidar com algumas situações. Denotam-se como fatores complicadores, a diferença de gênero entre cuidador e cliente e a disposição dos leitos nestas unidades, predispondo o cliente à exposição e dificultando o resguardo da privacidade. Emergiu a necessidade de se preparar melhor a equipe para contornar situações de conflito oriundas da exposição corporal, devendo-se considerar os aspectos sócio-culturais das pessoas envolvidas. Por fim, ressalta-se que a compreensão dos aspectos que permeiam a exposição corporal na esfera do cuidado é imprescindível quando se tem por objetivo a humanização no contexto da assistência à saúde. / This study aimed at identifying and analyzing positive and negative incidents involving clients’ physical exposure and the invasion of their privacy during caregiving in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) resulting from the need of partial or total nudity for the performance of various types of care and procedures. The population consisted of 15 nurses working in the ICU for adults in the city of Maringá – PR, Brazil. The Critical Incident Technique (CIT) was used as a methodological procedure, thus obtaining 30 accounts of which 15 were positive and 15 were negative. From these, 22 positive critical incidents (PCIs) and 30 negative critical incidents (NCIs) were extracted. The incidents were compiled in 6 categories: basic needs, admission and permanence in the ICU, therapeutic procedures, physical evaluation, visiting hours and sexuality manifestation. The behaviors presented by the health team which were extracted from the critical incidents were grouped in 5 categories: gender-related questions, privacy protection and maintenance, attitudes from professionals, client orientation and health team orientation. The identified client’s behaviors were distributed in 3 categories defined as gender-related questions, protection and maintenance of clients’ privacy and attitudes. The outcomes to the health team and clients stemming from the incidents comprised four categories formulated as negative feelings, positive feelings, impairment of caregiving quality and assurance of caregiving quality. The interpretation of results showed that the most frequent situation category in the PCIs was basic needs (21.2%), whereas in the NCIs, it was admission and permanence in the ICU (15.4%). The health team’s behavior category which prevailed in the PCIs (41.1%) and in the NCIs (41.4%) was privacy protection and maintenance. The predominant clients’ behavior category in the PCIs was gender-related questions (45.1%) and in the NCIs it was privacy protection and maintenance (59.6%). The health team’s most frequent consequence category in the PCIs was assurance of caregiving quality (41.1%), and the clients’ was positive feelings (37.6%). It was also shown that the category negative feelings prevailed in the NCIs for the health team (41. 5%) as well as for clients (57.3%). It was verified that the nursing staff was better prepared to deal with problems related to meeting basic needs; however, lack of preparation and skills to manage most situations was also observed. It was found that the health team and clients, particularly the nursing staff, showed similar feelings concerning the client’s physical exposure during caregiving. Additionally, it was shown that the aspects ensuring better caregiving quality to both were intimacy protection, respect, trust, orientation and understanding with regard to such protection, whereas those which most frequently impaired caregiving quality were lack of protection, intimacy invasion, disregard of clients by the professionals and the team’s difficulty in dealing with certain situations. Gender difference between the caregiver and the client was noted as a complicating factor in addition to the arrangement of beds in the units, which predisposes the client to exposure and impairs privacy protection. The need to better prepare the health team to cope with conflict situations stemming from physical exposure arose, while the sociocultural aspects of the individuals involved must be taken into account. Finally, it is pointed out that understanding the aspects which permeate physical exposure in the realms of caregiving is essential if the humanization of health care settings is to be achieved.

Background: The naked mole-rat (NMR) is a long-lived and cancer resistant species. Identification of potential anti-cancer and age related mechanisms is of great interest and makes this species eminent to investigate anti-cancer strategies and understand aging mechanisms. Since it is known that the NMR expresses higher liver mRNA-levels of alpha 2-macroglobulin than mice, nothing is known about its structure, functionality or expression level in the NMR compared to the human A2M. Results: Here we show a comprehensive analysis of NMR- and human plasma-A2M, showing a different prediction in glycosylation of NMR-A2M, which results in a higher molecular weight compared to human A2M. Additionally, we found a higher concentration of A2M (8.3±0.44 mg/mL vs. and 4.4±0.20 mg/mL) and a lower total plasma protein content (38.7±1.79 mg/mL vs. 61.7±3.20 mg/mL) in NMR compared to human. NMR-A2M can be transformed by methylamine and trypsin resulting in a conformational change similar to human A2M. NMRA2M is detectable by a polyclonal antibody against human A2M. Determination of tryptic and anti-tryptic activity of NMR and human plasma revealed a higher anti-tryptic activity of the NMR plasma. On the other hand, less proteolytic activity was found in NMR plasma compared to human plasma.

Lung cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, with most patients suffering from an advanced unresectable or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. The mortality trends are mostly related to patterns of tobacco use, specifically from cigarettes. Tobacco is the basic etiological agent found as a consequence of the inhalation of tobacco smoke. Published data show the use of interferons (IFNs) in the treatment of lung tumours due to their potential in displaying antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, immunoregulatory, and proapoptotic effects. Type1 IFNs have been employed as treatments for many types of cancer, both for haematological cancers and solid tumours. The IFN-γ (naked) functions as an anticancer agent against various forms of cancer. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the genoprotective and genotoxic effects of IFN-γ liposome (nano) on 42 blood samples from lung cancer patients, compared to the same sample size from healthy individuals. The effectiveness of IFN- γ liposome against oxidative stress was also evaluated in this study. A concentration of 100U/ml of IFN-γ liposome was used to treat the lymphocytes in: Comet and micronucleus assays, Comet repair, Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were based on a preliminary test for the optimal dose. The lymphocytes from lung cancer patients presented with higher DNA damage levels than those of healthy individuals. IFN-γ liposome was not found to induce any DNA damage in the lymphocytes. Also, it caused a significant reduction in DNA damage in the lymphocytes from lung cancer patients in; Comet, Comet repair and micronucleus assays. Furthermore, the 100U/ml of IFN-γ liposome significantly reduced the oxidative stress caused by H2O2 and appeared to be effective in both groups using the Comet and micronucleus assays. Results from; Comet, Comet repair and micronucleus assays were consistent. The data obtained indicated that IFN-γ in both forms (naked INF-γ and INF-γ nano-liposome) may potentially be effective for the treatment of lung cancer and showed the ability of IFN-γ liposome to reduce the DNA damage more than the naked form. The IFN-γ in both forms has also shown anti-cancer potential in the lymphocytes from lung cancer patients by regulating the expression of p53, p21, Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels by up-regulating the p53 and p21 to mediate cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in lung cancer patients. The findings of this study are consistent with the view that the naked IFN-γ and liposome could have a significant role in cancer treatment, including lung cancer. / Mutah University in Jordan