Submitted by JÚLIO MIGUEL AGIBO null (agibojulio@gmail.com) on 2018-01-04T16:08:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final com a ficha catalografica.pdf: 5504486 bytes, checksum: 6cc7e2124fdedf9ed9228e0f36218efd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Telma Jaqueline Dias Silveira null (telmasbl@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-01-04T16:44:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 agibo_jm_me_mar.pdf: 5504486 bytes, checksum: 6cc7e2124fdedf9ed9228e0f36218efd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-04T16:44:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 agibo_jm_me_mar.pdf: 5504486 bytes, checksum: 6cc7e2124fdedf9ed9228e0f36218efd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / Não recebi financiamento / Esta Dissertação versa sobre a “Formação de professores para o ensino básico em Moçambique: análise do modelo 10ª+1 ano”. Tem por objetivo primordial, compreender o processo de formação dos professores, enfocando o modelo de formação e suas implicações que advêm do Processo de Ensino e Aprendizagem nas Escolas Primárias de Moçambique. O estudo ocorreu na Província de Nampula, nos Institutos e Centros de Formação de Professores em que encontram-se em vigor este modelo. Como objetivos específicos, o trabalho se propôs a levantar informações sobre o modelo em alusão, no que diz respeito ao currículo; analisar os fatores políticos e sociais que originaram a introdução do mesmo, e investigar o processo de estágio efetuado pelos formandos deste modelo de formação. No contexto das políticas educativas que discutem a formação de professores, subsidiaram autores que concebem a formação como um processo contínuo, neste caso, partimos das abordagens de Miliaret (1981), passando por Garcia (1999), Sacristán (2005), Donaciano (2006) até aos desdobramentos efetuados por Nóvoa (2009), os quais são unânimes em afirmar que a formação do professor não pode ser entendida como um produto acabado, mas como um processo de que ligando a teoria e a prática visa à promoção do desenvolvimento profissional. A pesquisa é de natureza bibliográfica e análise documental, a coleta de dados foi feita por meio de questionários, os quais foram dirigidos aos diretores, diretores adjuntos pedagógicos, professores e professores formados neste modelo 10ª + 1ano de formação pedagógica. Concluiu-se que tivemos como resultados deste modelo, como sendo um modelo que não responde aos anseios das atuais demandas da sociedade, por este ter um período muito curto de formação. Considera-se que o estudo poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento de políticas que visem desenvolver uma prática docente que se entrelaça continuamente entre a teoria e a prática, que vise não apenas à melhoria da qualidade de ensino, mas o próprio desenvolvimento profissional dos docentes. / This dissertation deals with the "Training of teachers for basic education in Mozambique: analysis of the 10 th + 1 year model". Its main objective is to understand the teacher training process, focusing on the training model and its implications that come from the Teaching and Learning Process in Primary Schools in Mozambique. The study was carried out in the Province of Nampula, in the Institutes and Centers of Teacher Training in which this model is in force. As specific objectives, the work proposed to gather information about the model in reference to the curriculum; analyze the political and social factors that led to its introduction, and investigate the internship process carried out by the trainees of this training model. In the context of educational policies that discuss teacher training, authors who conceive of training as a continuous process have subsided, in this case, we start with Miliaret (1981), Garcia (1999), Sacristán (2005), Donaciano (2006) ) until the unfolding carried out by Nóvoa (2009), who are unanimous in affirming that teacher education can not be understood as a finished product, but as a process that linking theory and practice aims at promoting professional development. The research is of a bibliographical nature and documental analysis, the data collection was done through questionnaires, which were directed to the directors, pedagogical assistant directors, teachers and teachers trained in this model 10ª + 1ano of pedagogic training. It was concluded that we had as a result of this model, as a model that does not respond to the wishes of the current demands of society, because it has a very short period of training. It is considered that the study could contribute to the development of policies aimed at developing a teaching practice that is continually intertwined between theory and practice, aimed not only at improving the quality of teaching but at the professional development of teachers themselves.

Antecedentes: La visión es fundamental para la integración del individuo en el medio externo, para la realización de las actividades cotidianas y para que tenga una vida social funcional. La aparición de patologías o alteraciones oculares puede ocasionar discapacidad visual (DV), que a su vez repercute negativamente en la calidad de vida del individuo, su familia y la sociedad en general, pudiendo ocasionar enormes pérdidas económicas. Objetivo general: Analizar el panorama de la salud ocular en Nampula, Mozambique. Objetivos específicos (OE): OE1: Determinar la prevalencia de la DV, sus causas y factores asociados en niños (<18 años) y adultos (≥18 años) en Nampula; OE2: Identificar las barreras para acceder a los servicios de salud ocular en Nampula y los factores asociados; OE3: Evaluar la distribución y disponibilidad de recursos humanos y materiales para la salud ocular en Nampula; OE4: Evaluar los resultados de las cirugías de catarata realizadas en el Hospital Central de Nampula y su impacto en la función visual (FV) y calidad de vida (QV) de los pacientes. Resultados: OE1. En los niños, se encontró que la prevalencia de discapacidad visual sin corrección (DVSC), presente (DVP) y con la mejor corrección (DVCC) de 18.3 %, 10.8 % y 5.0 %, respectivamente. Las principales causas de discapacidad visual fueron errores refractivos y ambliopía. El error refractivo tuvo una prevalencia del 24.7%, y los grupos de edad entre 15-17 años y 18-20 años se asociaron significativamente con la miopía (con OR: 4.9 y OR: 8.8, respectivamente), así como el 11° y 12° año escolar (OR: 8.1 y OR: 10.7, respectivamente), y el distrito de Malema se asoció con miopía (ORa: 0.4) e hipermetropía (ORa: 0.4 y OR: 0.3) como factor protector. En adultos, la DVP de cerca y lejos tuvo una prevalencia de 16.3% y 21.1%, respectivamente, y se asoció estadísticamente con los grupos de edad entre 45-65 años (OR: 4.9) y >65 años (OR: 29.1), analfabetos (OR: 13.8), nivel escolar primario (OR: 4.8) y secundario (aOR: 37.5), ocupación de agricultor (OR: 32.8) y jubilado (OR: 14.3) y presencia de enfermedades sistémicas (OR: 3.3). Las principales causas de discapacidad visual presente fueron el error refractivo no corregido y la catarata. OE2. Entre los participantes, 49.4% tenían síntomas oculares y 41.7% no tenían sus exámenes oftalmológicos al día. Las barreras para acceder a los servicios de atención oftalmológica más citadas fueron el hacinamiento en los hospitales (40.7%), las dificultades financieras (30.0%), la automedicación (20.5%), el tratamiento tradicional (17.8%) y la compra de gafas en la calle (11.6%). Los niveles más bajos de educación e ingreso familiar mensual, y la ocupación de agricultor se asociaron estadísticamente con la mayoría de las barreras como factores de riesgo. OE3. La provincia de Nampula no ha alcanzado la proporción recomendada de profesionales de la salud ocular por población en las diferentes categorías (técnicos oftálmicos con 0.8 por 100 mil habitantes; optometristas y oftalmólogos con 0.4 y 0.2 por 250 mil habitantes, respectivamente). También hubo una distribución desigual de los profesionales de la salud ocular en toda la provincia, con una mayor concentración de profesionales en la capital provincial (Ciudad de Nampula), por lo que la mayoría de los distritos no alcanzaron la proporción recomendada, presentando un balance negativo. Las unidades de salud de nivel primario y secundario carecían de algunos equipos para ofrecer servicios de salud ocular a su nivel. Todas las unidades de salud cuentan con tablas de medición de la agudeza visual, juegos de lentes de prueba y gafas de prueba. Sin embargo, existe falta de equipos para ofrecer servicios de refracción como retinoscopios, autorefractómetros y frontofocómetro en unidades de salud primarias y secundarias. El Hospital Central de Nampula es la única unidad con equipamiento para ofrecer servicios quirúrgicos en Nampula. OE4. Las versiones adaptadas al contexto mozambiqueño de los cuestionarios FV y QV mostraron buenas propiedades psicométricas. La diferencia entre AV, FV y QV antes y después de la cirugía fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.001), hubo una mejoría significativa después de la cirugía, y el tamaño del efecto fue mayor en las sub-escalas “percepción” y “mental”, respectivamente. Después de la cirugía, el 74.3% de los pacientes tenían buena AV, el 23.5% limite y el 2.2% mala AV. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de DV en niños y adultos es relativamente alta y se debe principalmente a causas prevenibles o tratables. La población ha enfrentado varias barreras para acceder a los servicios de salud ocular, en particular el hacinamiento en los hospitales y las dificultades económicas, por lo cual, la utilización de los servicios de salud ocular en la periferia urbana de la capital provincial ha sido menor a lo esperado y se supone que sea aún peor en los otros distritos fuera de la capital, ya que la disponibilidad de recursos humanos y materiales de salud ocular es más limitada. Los servicios de cirugía están centralizados a nivel del HCN (en la capital), lo que compromete la cobertura de los servicios de cirugía de catarata en la provincia de Nampula. Los pacientes se someten a cirugía de cataratas cuando algunos aspectos de su FV y QV ya están gravemente comprometidos, y los resultados de las cirugías realizadas en HCN aún no han alcanzado las recomendaciones de la OMS con respecto a AV, pero tienen un gran impacto en la FV y QV de los pacientes. Existe la necesidad de una mayor intervención con respecto a salud ocular en Nampula, especialmente para que los servicios de salud ocular estén disponibles para los más vulnerables, como las personas de bajos ingresos, las personas analfabetas, los jubilados y los agricultores.

Consent form, persmission letter and declaration translated into Portuguese. Interview schedule translated into Makhua and Portuguese / Economically, Mozambique is one of the poorest countries globally. Given to its poor state, Mozambique remains environmentally deteriorated. Fortunately, the Mozambican government has embarked on environmental programmes as a strategy for ecological management. However, these strategies seem irrelevant due to ineffective implementation of such programmes. It lacks local community awareness, involvement and participation. The church lacks eco-theology as well as theology that can protect nature and people’s struggles. This study investigated the policies and their implementation towards environmental management in Mozambique. The study also discussed church’s role and proposed a comprehensive theology towards the environment in the city of Nampula. Nampula city is one of the busiest cities in the province and in the northern region of Mozambique due to its business attractions. This study was limited to the Union Baptist Church of Nampula. The data collection was based on two approaches, fieldwork and literature analysis. Fieldwork approach resulted in 20 Nampula citizens’ residents being interviewed. The finding showed that environmental crisis is a socio-economic, political and religious problem of concern. It also revealed that the citizens of Nampula face detrimental and environmental health impacts caused by a weak waste management policy. The incapacity of the implementation of waste management policy, deficiency in the enforcement of awareness and local people input contribute for ecological crisis, leading for water pollution and health problems. The ambiguity of making ecological regulations and resources available worsens ecological crisis. When such regulations are drafted and promulgated without local people’s participation, it may indicate that the law-makers exclude local knowledge about environment into the scientific debate. This can lead local people to resist and not participate even when they are called for. Hence, the research has shown that to make a dynamic ecological policy and an effective waste management, a combination of both top-down and bottom-up approaches are needed. A top-down approach guarantees constant framework while the bottom-up approach encourages local community involvement. In this study, the significance of local community involvement, church advocacy, and pressure in making waste management policy function constitute a key finding. Without active involvement of local people in planning, designing, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, and the decision-making process participation, the earth management may never take place. Therefore, the challenge remains for the government, the church, and the private sector to draw and define methods to attain economic development, protect ecological and civil society. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Consent form, persmission letter and declaration translated into Portuguese. Interview schedule translated into Makhua and Portuguese / Economically, Mozambique is one of the poorest countries globally. Given to its poor state, Mozambique remains environmentally deteriorated. Fortunately, the Mozambican government has embarked on environmental programmes as a strategy for ecological management. However, these strategies seem irrelevant due to ineffective implementation of such programmes. It lacks local community awareness, involvement and participation. The church lacks eco-theology as well as theology that can protect nature and people’s struggles. This study investigated the policies and their implementation towards environmental management in Mozambique. The study also discussed church’s role and proposed a comprehensive theology towards the environment in the city of Nampula. Nampula city is one of the busiest cities in the province and in the northern region of Mozambique due to its business attractions. This study was limited to the Union Baptist Church of Nampula. The data collection was based on two approaches, fieldwork and literature analysis. Fieldwork approach resulted in 20 Nampula citizens’ residents being interviewed. The finding showed that environmental crisis is a socio-economic, political and religious problem of concern. It also revealed that the citizens of Nampula face detrimental and environmental health impacts caused by a weak waste management policy. The incapacity of the implementation of waste management policy, deficiency in the enforcement of awareness and local people input contribute for ecological crisis, leading for water pollution and health problems. The ambiguity of making ecological regulations and resources available worsens ecological crisis. When such regulations are drafted and promulgated without local people’s participation, it may indicate that the law-makers exclude local knowledge about environment into the scientific debate. This can lead local people to resist and not participate even when they are called for. Hence, the research has shown that to make a dynamic ecological policy and an effective waste management, a combination of both top-down and bottom-up approaches are needed. A top-down approach guarantees constant framework while the bottom-up approach encourages local community involvement. In this study, the significance of local community involvement, church advocacy, and pressure in making waste management policy function constitute a key finding. Without active involvement of local people in planning, designing, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, and the decision-making process participation, the earth management may never take place. Therefore, the challenge remains for the government, the church, and the private sector to draw and define methods to attain economic development, protect ecological and civil society. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Mozambique has potential to boost its banana exports. To fully realise this, agronomic practices in production should be fully developed to combat physiological disorders associated with banana within the region. Currently, lower temperatures are being experienced in some production sites, consequently affecting yield and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate use of bunch protection covers on banana cultivars Grand Nain and Williams banana cultivars, for performance under different fruit protection materials to determine best fruit protection bag suitable for Metocheria, Nampula. Plants were not selected near plantation borders, drainage canals, cable way and roads, as this would influence the growth pattern of plants and fruit development. Treatments consisted of control (no bag on bunches), white perforated polyethylene, white non-perforated polyethylene, blue perforated polyethylene, blue non perforated polyethylene, green perforated polyethylene, green polyethylene non perforated and cheese cloth bags arranged in a complete randomised block designed CRBD with 26 plants replicated eight times. During 2012/2013, bagging treatments did not considerably improve weight in hands, banana finger weight, total fruit weight, marketable weight and percentage marketable fruit weight and box stem ratio (BSR) of Grand Nain. However there was reduction of fruit defects in all bagging treatments compared to control (no bags). In Williams during the 2013 season bagging treatments improved weight but no significant differences were observed on weight of hands in 2012. Bagging of banana bunches reduce defects in both seasons. Both green and blue perforated bags improved box stem ratio. Bagging treatments increased Williams‟s cultivar yield (per ton) in both seasons / Agriculture and  Animal Health / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

This Master thesis is the result of a study in which we looked at people's livelihoods - through the sustainable rural livelihoods analytical framework - from a coordination failure perspective. During three weeks spent in the district of Ribáuè, Mozambique, enabled us to conduct interviews with people from many different social categories and understand the conditions in which small-scale farmers live. The paper tackles issues related to development in general and governmental intervention and contributes to the debate about the type of growth which is on-going in Mozambique. What are the coordination failures that impact people's livelihoods in Mozambique, a country where strong economic growth does not seem to help the poorest to get out of poverty. / The Mozambican economy is characterised by a high level of employment in the agricultural sector. Most farmers are small-scale and farm for subsistence. As development at global level will continue to pressure these farmers to increase their productivity, the question is to know how this will affect the small-scale farmers’ capacity to improve their livelihoods. The economy of the African continent is predicted to rise substantially and countries like Mozambiquehave been praised for their staggering economic growth. However despite growth, the situation remains unchanged for many small-scale farmers. The intention of this research is then to look into the conditions in which small-scale agricultural activities take place. This study was carried out is the district of Ribáuè, located in the northern provinceof Nampula, Mozambique and adopts an abductive approach as it investigates coordination failures around farming activities. In other words, aspects concerning agricultural activities that are difficult to observe, will be included. The starting point for this argument is that it is impossible to obtain sustainable development (i.e. including small-scale farmers) without taking a holistic approach. Through this study, it becomes clear that small-scale farmers face a variety of obstacles from which patterns can be extracted. Strong emphasis is put on the importance of surrounding factors such as infrastructures, access to credit, wage work opportunities, access to inputs, extension services, and market access.  All these factors impact people’s livelihoods; and by investing in all of them in a coordinated way, it creates synergetic effects and boosts the potential for further development of each feature. This inter-connectivity becomes clear when considering that wage work opportunities are created when investments are made in the rehabilitation of infrastructures or the expansion of extension services. Furthermore, market access increases when the connectivity of remote farmers is improved and their livelihoods develop when their surplus can be sold. The amount of surplus farmers have is in turn affected by their financial capital, access to inputs, and access to extension services. Singling out one of these features as more important than the others risks missing the point and hindering sustainable development. This calls for big versatile government investments, in the form of big push policies, to ensure that these areas inter-connect and to create the highest possible levels of synergy.

Mozambique has potential to boost its banana exports. To fully realise this, agronomic practices in production should be fully developed to combat physiological disorders associated with banana within the region. Currently, lower temperatures are being experienced in some production sites, consequently affecting yield and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate use of bunch protection covers on banana cultivars Grand Nain and Williams banana cultivars, for performance under different fruit protection materials to determine best fruit protection bag suitable for Metocheria, Nampula. Plants were not selected near plantation borders, drainage canals, cable way and roads, as this would influence the growth pattern of plants and fruit development. Treatments consisted of control (no bag on bunches), white perforated polyethylene, white non-perforated polyethylene, blue perforated polyethylene, blue non perforated polyethylene, green perforated polyethylene, green polyethylene non perforated and cheese cloth bags arranged in a complete randomised block designed CRBD with 26 plants replicated eight times. During 2012/2013, bagging treatments did not considerably improve weight in hands, banana finger weight, total fruit weight, marketable weight and percentage marketable fruit weight and box stem ratio (BSR) of Grand Nain. However there was reduction of fruit defects in all bagging treatments compared to control (no bags). In Williams during the 2013 season bagging treatments improved weight but no significant differences were observed on weight of hands in 2012. Bagging of banana bunches reduce defects in both seasons. Both green and blue perforated bags improved box stem ratio. Bagging treatments increased Williams‟s cultivar yield (per ton) in both seasons / Agriculture and  Animal Health / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

This masters’ thesis is a result of research conducted during three weeks in Mecubúri District, located in northern Mozambique. The study aims to explore environmental challenges and the environmental education in Mecubúri area. It strives to understand how rural farmers are able to use environmental education as a measure to act upon the environmental challenges in the area as well as to strengthen their livelihood assets. The target group of the study is the people living in Mecubúri.A basic understanding of environmental education and the socio-economic situation in Mecubúri was achieved by a systematic collection of empirical data through the use of a methodological approach called Participatory Rural Appraisal. Ethnographic methods such as participatory observation and semi-structured interviews built the base for the qualitative primary data collection and the secondary data was collected through literature reviews. The holistic and human centred theoretical framework Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) laid the analytical base of the study.The most prominent environmental concerns identified by the inhabitants were agricultural issues, uncontrolled bushfires, changes in rainfall and the increased prevalence of strong winds and cyclones as well as sanitation and hygiene. Education was transmitted through both formal and informal communication channels, whereby conservation farming, education related to sanitation and hygiene as well as various educational channels were identified as the most important factors for the rural people in Mecubúri.As a concluding remark, it is argued that the society has a strong social capital which is effectively being used in environmental education. In contrast, an increased effort from the governmental level is advocated whereby a focus on conservation farming is recommended.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Basilio.pdf: 368709 bytes, checksum: 4c84000d7abdc06fce6aa78f181cec33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-25 / The paper discusses the local knowledge and the new curriculum of Basic Education with the aim of rescuing it to School. This discussion is supported by the institutionalization of local curriculum which opens possibility of integrating the local contents and practices in the education programs. The reason for integrating the local curriculum in to the education programs is to reduce the distance between two cultures; the modern School and the local traditional. The new curriculum of Basic Education integrate a local curriculum component to create relevant learning and for rescing local knowledge to School. This thesis supports the idea that the schools must rescue autochthonou s culture and its intrinsic values. It is argued that the inclusion of local knowledge in the school can facilitate the learning process and contextualize the local socio-cultural conditions. With the introduction of local curriculum a local knowledge a sociability space is open and a challenge is launched to the teachers in order to take responsibility in the production and systematization of knowlodge. The theoretical support for this work is based on the curriculum theory of Moreira and Silva (2002) as well as the theses of Geertz (1997) and Gramsci (2004). The empiric material was collected based on the reports of INDE documents (1999 2004). The need to better the learning in schools and to set students in their cultural perspective brought transformation for Mozambican curriculum of Basic Education. From the curricular reformation the research gave priority to perception about the local knowledge and assesses the method of integration of relevant local contents and practices in the target schools located in Nampula province. Lessons were observed with the objective of evaluating this process of integrating local knowledge into new curriculum. In addition to interview with teachers, students and the community people s views about their culture were also collected for their integration into the Basic Education curriculum. / O trabalho discute a questão de saberes locais e o novo currículo do Ensino Básico com finalidade de resgatar aqueles para a escola. Esta discussão é fundamentada pela institucionalização do currículo local que abre a possibilidade de integrar os conteúdos e as práticas locais nos programas do ensino. A finalidade da introdução do currículo local nos programas do Ensino é reduzir a distância entre a cultura da escola moderna e a cultura tradicional local. O novo currículo do Ensino Básico integra a componente do currículo local para criar aprendizagem relevante e resgatar os saberes locais para a escola. Esta tese sustenta que as escolas devem resgatar a cultura autóctone e o seu valor intrínseco. Defende-se que a inclusão dos saberes locais na escola pode facilitar aprendizagem e contextualizar as condições sócioculturais locais. Com a introdução do currículo local, cria-se um espaço de convivência dos saberes local e universal e la nça-se um desafio aos professores no sentido de serem responsáveis na produção e sistematização do conhecimento. O referencial teórico do trabalho é buscado em teoria curricular de Moreira e Silva (2002) assim como as teses defendidas por Geertz (1997) e Gramsci (2004). O material empírico foi recolhido com base nos relatórios e documentos do INDE (1999 e 2004). A necessidade de melhorar a aprendizagem na escola e enraizar o aluno na sua respectiva cultural levou a transformação do currículo moçambicano do ensino Básico. A partir da reforma curricular, a pesquisa prioriza as percepções sobre os saberes locais e avalia os métodos de integração de conteúdos e práticas locais relevantes nas escolas experimentais localizadas na Província de Nampula. Assim, foram observadas as aulas com a finalidade de avaliar o processo de integração dos saberes locais e realizadas as entrevistas aos professores, alunos e pessoas das comunidades com o objectivo de recolher a percepção sobre os saberes locais a serem integrados no Ensino Básico.