O índice crioscópico é um dos parâmetros analíticos de precisão utilizados para determinar a qualidade físico-química do leite. É um valor diretamente ligado ao extrato seco do leite, mais especificamente em relação a presença, maior ou menor, de lactose e cloretos. A adição de água ao leite, como mecanismo de fraude, altera os valores do índice crioscópico. Em virtude disto, o mesmo é utilizado como um dos critérios para desclassificação de leite. O problema se estabelece quando os padrões determinados em legislação não condizem com as características reais do leite produzido. O presente trabalho objetivou comparar os resultados do índice crioscópico do leite tipo B “in natura” da bacia leiteira do Vale do Taquari com o valor estabelecido na legislação vigente, bem como observou as alterações deste parâmetro ao longo de um ano. O projeto foi desenvolvido no período de março de 2001 a fevereiro de 2002, com a participação de 10 propriedades produtoras de leite tipo B, onde as coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, perfazendo um total de 573 amostras no período. Os resultados analíticos foram obtidos mediante as análises de acidez, temperatura, densidade, gordura, extrato seco total (EST), extrato seco desengordurado (ESD) e índice crioscópico (IC). Quanto ao comportamento do índice crioscópico, o diagnóstico confirmou a necessidade imprescindível da implementação de parâmetros legais regionais, respeitando as características específicas de cada região. A pesquisa apresentou para o leite tipo B “in natura” do Vale do Taquari, um índice crioscópico médio de –0,537 °H, enquadrando-se no parâmetro estabelecido pela Instrução Normativa Nº 51 de 18/09/02, ou seja, máximo de –0,530 °H. Este índice também apresentou Valor médio mais baixo nos meses de junho e julho e as variações mensais individuais foram significativas. Estes comportamentos indicam que a alimentação ofertada ao rebanho influencia nestas alterações.

Submitted by Gabriele Rodrigues (gabriele_r.valentim@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-26T13:35:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Josias de Souza Sales.pdf: 5546882 bytes, checksum: 10e3e43c2d5d33c469b9b1aa02789401 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-08-29T13:03:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Josias de Souza Sales.pdf: 5546882 bytes, checksum: 10e3e43c2d5d33c469b9b1aa02789401 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-08-29T13:06:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Josias de Souza Sales.pdf: 5546882 bytes, checksum: 10e3e43c2d5d33c469b9b1aa02789401 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T13:06:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Josias de Souza Sales.pdf: 5546882 bytes, checksum: 10e3e43c2d5d33c469b9b1aa02789401 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Through a multi-situated ethnography, this dissertation intends to map the commodity chain of the Amazonian forest product, açaí (Euterpe oleracea) in natura and its sociability relations. Accordingly, fieldwork was undertaken in three cities that are highly important for the productive and commercialization spaces of açaí: Belém, Igarapé-Miri and Barcarena. Drawing on ethnographic data unpublished documents as well as academic literature, this dissertation develops a socio-genesis of the ‘Açaí Market’. Its historical features and influences are identified, the modus operandi, and the plurality of socio-professional categories that engender it. These include, “Peconheiros” (those that climb and harvest the fruit) , “carregadores” (carriers), “juntador” (collectors), “marreteiro de beira” (estuarine sellers), “marreteiro de rio” (sellers on the rivers), “vendedor” (simple sellers), “maquineiros” (those responsible for providing the açaí processing machines), “distribuidor” (distributors), “freteiro” (transporters), “produtor” (growers), “morador” (residents), and “vigia” (security guards), revealing that the sociability relations are not limited to the boundaries of the ‘Açaí Market’, but they go through the areas of production and extraction of açaí. / A partir de uma etnografia multissituada, esta dissertação busca mapear a cadeia produtiva do açaí in natura e as relações de sociabilidade que a alicerçam. Para tal, realizou-se pesquisa de campo em cidades que se notabilizaram por constituírem importantes espaços de produção e/ou comercialização do produto: Belém, Igarapé-Miri e Barcarena. A partir dos dados etnográficos coletados e do levantamento documental e bibliográfico, foi realizado uma sociogênese da Feira do Açaí, na qual foram identificados aspectos de sua constituição histórica, modo de organização e a pluralidade de categorias socioprofissionais que a engendra tais como: peconheiro, carregador, juntador, marreteiro de beira, marreteiro de rio, vendedor, maquineiro, distribuidor, freteiro, produtor, morador, vigia, revelando que as relações de sociabilidade não estão limitadas as fronteiras da feira, mas avançando pelas áreas de produção/extrativismo do açaí.

The network Natura 2000 represents a system of nature protection areas, which were established to protect and conserve European biodiversity of wild fauna and flora. This master thesis copes with the legal aspects of implementing European directives in relation with the Natura 2000 network into the national legal systems. A comparison was made between two EU-member states, the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. The master thesis is divided into 7 chapters including the introduction and the conclusion. In the chapter 1, the subject and aims of the thesis are explained, as well as the brief history of nature conservation. Development of nature conservation in International and European law is introduced in the chapter 2. The chapter 3 focuses on legal basis of Natura 2000 regulations on European law level. Essential parts of the master thesis are the chapters 4, 5 and 6, which describe how the network was established through site designation, how the protection and site management is ensured and what assessment of plans and projects means. The law system of Saxony was chosen as an example to display some partial distinctions between the federal law level and the federal state law level in Germany. The chapter 7 consists of the conclusion and comparison between the legal regulations...

This thesis deals with the analysis of private forest ownership and tries to evaluate the effectiveness of the regulation of forest ownership in the Czech Republic. Its aim is to compare the impact of regulation on private forest owners and those owners who own forests in protected areas. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the regulation of forest ownership has a negative impact on individual private owners, while limiting the power of property rights. Forest owners in protected areas face higher costs in forest management and greater supervision in the performance of their activities when compared to other private owners. However, multiplication of the impact of regulation layout rights for forest owners in protected areas does not change the motivation of these owners.

Analiza el éxito de la empresa de cosméticos Natura, convirtiéndose en la mayor compañía de su rubro en Brasil, con ingresos brutos de más de US$ 1.500 millones, siendo una de las marcas más prestigiosas de su país, con participación en la Bolsa de Valores y además cuenta con presencia internacional en Bolivia, Chile, Perú, Argentina, México y Francia. A pesar de estos resultados satisfactorios, la empresa decide expandir sus servicios debido a la presencia de una excelente oportunidad y a la presión ejercida por los competidores globales en su propio mercado, situaciones que incrementaron los deseos de los directivos de impulsar la internacionalización en Europa, particularmente en Rusia. El diagnóstico general permitió determinar que la internacionalización no comenzará por Europa, y menos por Rusia, pues debe en primer lugar consolidarse su hegemonía en el mercado local, para luego afianzar el mercado internacional, primero en los países donde ya tiene presencia y, en un mediano a largo plazo, incursionar en otros mercados internacionales. Con la implementación de la estrategia recomendada se espera obtener un incremento del ROI hasta en un 20.8% anual, durante el período (2006 – 2010), lo que permitirá cumplir con la ejecución de planes de acción, dentro de la filosofía y visión empresarial implementada por sus fundadores.

The aim of the thesis is to compare the design of large pools in the plan of joint facilities of the KoPÚ municipality of Valtrovice with the proposal of small pools (my proposal) and zero variation. Assessing their positive and negative aspects and evaluating the most optimal proposal. The territory is located in the Natura 2000 system, as EVL Valtrovický luh, so nature conservation interests is very important. Another objective was the creation of a project of the pool, which is enclosed in the form of project documentation. The most suitable solution of the three variants seems to be a variant of small pools, especially in terms of protection of nature and landscape, increasing biodiversity and preserving the original loose tree vegetation. The variation of the large pools was assessed as inappropriate especially from point of view the protection of nature, ecology and technical parameters of the design. Zero variant does not suit the territorial plan and the interests of the municipality that proposes to establish a wetland here.

Examensarbetets syfte är att utreda vilka krav som ställs på MKB-förfarandet för mindre verksamheter rörande ingrepp i mark. Examensarbetet skall också utmynna i en lathund för upprättande av MKB för denna typ av verksamhet. Svensk lagstiftning och internationellt erkänd god sed identifieras. Tre stycken MKB för mindre verksamheter eller åtgärder av denna typ analyseras utifrån Svensk lag och god sed. Detta för att utreda hur MKB för små verksamheter som gör ingrepp i mark i praktiken utförs. Resultatet av analysen visar att dessa MKB uppfyller Svensk lag men inte kan anses vara den MKB som god sed föreskriver. Lathunden som också är ett resultat av examensarbetet ska hjälpa till vid upprättandet av MKB för att kunna göra en hög kvalitativ MKB som inte bara är en pappersprodukt utan även ett användbart verktyg.

I argue that Lucretius uses conventions of epic poetry and changes them to support his philosophical teachings. The proem of De rerum natura can be used to show how this occurs. The key moments within the proem include the invocation to Venus, how Venus is described as maternal and creative, the usage of socia to ask Venus for aid, the episode between Venus and Mars, and the establishment of Epicurean physics. I argue that the purpose of changing the expected conventions of epic is to better frame Lucretius' key idea of the purpose of life, namely reproduction.

The forestry is the main use of forests in Sweden which results in a number of positive aspects but also a number of negative effects on our nature. Aquatic ecosystems are specifically exposed to land use by the forest industry. The problem areas that arise are mainly discharge of nutrients, mercury, change in hydromorphology and local environment, sludge transport, absence of dead wood in streams and altered solar radiation. In order to reduce negative impact and protect natural populations of species but also to protect important ecosystems, there are a number of national prospective objectives and laws. From the year 2014, a number of prospective aims have been introduced to get a common view of the problem factors, but also to get a common representation of how the forestry measures should be carried out.  This work evaluated the width of the riparian buffer zone left along the 138 streams at final clearcutting in the Vindelälven catchment, comparing three periods: period 1 (year 2001-2007), period 2 (year 2008-2013) and period 3 (year 2014-2018).  The work also included a count of the number of dead wood objects that occur in 16 of the 138 streams in the study area. The method of the study is based on remote sensing using ArcGIS software, along with a field inventory to verify the remote sensing with reality. The results found from the study were that a significant increase in average minimum-width was shown between periods 1 and 3 (ANOVA, n = 138, df = 2, F = 5.083 and p = 0.007). The results from the average width were not significantly different but suggest a positive correlation between lower age of final clearcutting and the average width of the riparian zone. The density of dead wood in the streams of the study site did not give any significant differences or correlations depending on time period. What could be explained from the result was that the presence of beaver (Castor fiber) positively affected the amount of dead wood. To conclude, positive effects of the introduction of new objectives for riparian buffer zone management were indicated.  This is a sign that the forestry industry is moving towards implementing more sustainable methods. In addition, a method based on remote sensing for measuring riparian buffer zone widths was found to provide reliable estimates in the Vindelälven catchment, Västerbotten County. / Grip on Life IP

Objetivo. A busca por produtos de alho prontos para consumo cresceu na última década. O alho contém compostos fenólicos e organosulfurados, que são responsáveis pelo odor característico, sabor, aroma e ação antioxidante. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antioxidante e determinar os compostos fenólicos totais em alho in natura e em seus produtos comercializados, além de avaliar o impacto dos aditivos (ácido cítrico, metabisulfito de sódio e benzoato de sódio) sobre a atividade antioxidante. Métodos. Extratos metanólicos de alho in natura (AIN) e seus produtos picado com sal (APS), picado sem sal (AP), frito (AF) e misto – mistura de alho in natura com alho desidratado (AM) foram analisados pela vida de prateleira (em três momentos), nos parâmetros: teor de fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante por três métodos: ensaio DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil), sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoléico e capacidade protetora da oxidação lipídica utilizando o aparelho Rancimat®. Resultados. O teor de fenólicos totais do extrato em relação ao resíduo seco foi maior para o produto frito, nos três momentos. Em relação à atividade antioxidante, o alho frito foi o produto que apresentou melhor atividade para todos os testes. Ao longo da vida de prateleira, a atividade antioxidante diminuiu com o ensaio DPPH, sendo que para os demais testes, aumentou. Os produtos com aditivos apresentaram melhor atividade antioxidante, apesar de apresentarem menor teor de fenólicos totais. Conclusões. Este estudo reforçou o potencial antioxidante do alho, portanto o seu consumo pode ser recomendado como parte de uma dieta saudável. Além disso, observou-se que a presença de aditivos melhorou o efeito antioxidante das amostras. / Objective. The interest for ready-to-eat garlic byproducts increased in the last decade. Garlic has phenolic and sulfur compounds, which are responsible for the singular flavor and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity (AA) of in natura garlic and its commercialized byproducts, and to correlate the data with phenolics contents. The impact of additives (citric acid, sodium metabisulfite and sodium benzoate) on the AA was also evaluated. Methodology. Methanolic extracts of in natura garlic (ING) and its products, i.e., chopped with salt (CWP), chopped without salt (CS), fried (FG) and mixed garlic - in natura garlic with dehydrated garlic (MG) were evaluated in three different moments of the shelf life. This evaluation based on the measurement of the following parameters: total phenolic compounds and AA. The AA were evaluated using three different methods: DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, β-carotene/linoleic acid system and Rancimat® method. Results. The total phenolics content of the extract in relation to the dried residue was higher in the fried product, in the three moments. Regarding the AA, fried garlic showed the best activity in all tests. Throughout the shelf life, the AA decreased with the DPPH assays. In contrast, when the other tests were applied, the AA increased. The products with additives showed better antioxidant activity when compared to those without the additives, although the samples with additives showed lower content of total phenolics. Conclusion. This study strengthened the antioxidant potential of garlic, therefore its consumption should be recommended as part of a healthy diet. Moreover, it was observed that the presence of additives improved the antioxidant effect of the samples.