Sob as regras da economia mineral, as pedreiras situam-se não tão próximas das zonas urbanas, mas também não muito distantes. Em Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), uma pedreira localizada num bairro da zona leste configura o que, para alguns habitantes, não é parte da cidade, embora situada em seus limites político-administrativos. A vila das Pedreiras (uma das nomenclaturas utilizadas pela prefeitura municipal) é habitada por famílias de trabalhadores e ex-trabalhadores de uma empresa mineradora, que realiza a extração de rochas no local, bem como por outros habitantes que encontraram no local uma forma acessível de aquisição de moradia. A partir da etnografia realizada num lugar onde, há quatro décadas, é extraído esse material “essencial à cidade”, interroga-se sobre como os habitantes concebem sua relação com a pedreira e a cidade desde o ponto de vista daqueles que são atingidos diariamente pela convivência com a extração de rochas. É desde esse cotidiano que busca-se conhecer as diferentes formas de uso, significação e apropriação da “natureza”, esta sendo termo de disputa tanto material quanto simbólica entre os sujeitos que habitam um lugar atravessado pela “injustiça ambiental” própria dos territórios onde a mineração se instala. Nesta dissertação objetiva-se revelar as perspectivas locais de populações que, na periferia de uma cidade, oferecem concepções outras (alternativas) sobre meio ambiente e natureza, denunciando as práticas das retóricas desenvolvimentistas. / Under the rules of the mineral economy, the quarries are located not so close to urban areas, but also not too far away. In Porto Alegre, capital of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), a quarry located in the east side neighborhood sets which is not part of the city, for some people, although situated in their political-administrative boundaries. The village of Quarries (one of the nomenclatures used by city hall) is inhabited by families of workers and former workers of a mining company, which performs the extraction of rocks at the site, as well as other inhabitants they found in place an affordable way to acquisition of property. From the ethnography in a place where, during four decades, this "essential to the city"material is extracted, wonders about the people conceive their relationship with the quarry and the city from the point of view of those who are affected daily by the coexistence with the extraction of rocks. It is from this routine that seeks to identify the different forms of use, appropriation and meanings of "nature", this term being both material and symbolic struggle between the subjects who inhabit a place traversed by the very "environmental injustice" of territories where mining settles. In this thesis we aim to reveal the perspectives of local populations on the outskirts of a city, offer other concepts (alternatives) for the environment and nature, denouncing the practices of developmental rhetoric.

Sob as regras da economia mineral, as pedreiras situam-se não tão próximas das zonas urbanas, mas também não muito distantes. Em Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), uma pedreira localizada num bairro da zona leste configura o que, para alguns habitantes, não é parte da cidade, embora situada em seus limites político-administrativos. A vila das Pedreiras (uma das nomenclaturas utilizadas pela prefeitura municipal) é habitada por famílias de trabalhadores e ex-trabalhadores de uma empresa mineradora, que realiza a extração de rochas no local, bem como por outros habitantes que encontraram no local uma forma acessível de aquisição de moradia. A partir da etnografia realizada num lugar onde, há quatro décadas, é extraído esse material “essencial à cidade”, interroga-se sobre como os habitantes concebem sua relação com a pedreira e a cidade desde o ponto de vista daqueles que são atingidos diariamente pela convivência com a extração de rochas. É desde esse cotidiano que busca-se conhecer as diferentes formas de uso, significação e apropriação da “natureza”, esta sendo termo de disputa tanto material quanto simbólica entre os sujeitos que habitam um lugar atravessado pela “injustiça ambiental” própria dos territórios onde a mineração se instala. Nesta dissertação objetiva-se revelar as perspectivas locais de populações que, na periferia de uma cidade, oferecem concepções outras (alternativas) sobre meio ambiente e natureza, denunciando as práticas das retóricas desenvolvimentistas. / Under the rules of the mineral economy, the quarries are located not so close to urban areas, but also not too far away. In Porto Alegre, capital of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), a quarry located in the east side neighborhood sets which is not part of the city, for some people, although situated in their political-administrative boundaries. The village of Quarries (one of the nomenclatures used by city hall) is inhabited by families of workers and former workers of a mining company, which performs the extraction of rocks at the site, as well as other inhabitants they found in place an affordable way to acquisition of property. From the ethnography in a place where, during four decades, this "essential to the city"material is extracted, wonders about the people conceive their relationship with the quarry and the city from the point of view of those who are affected daily by the coexistence with the extraction of rocks. It is from this routine that seeks to identify the different forms of use, appropriation and meanings of "nature", this term being both material and symbolic struggle between the subjects who inhabit a place traversed by the very "environmental injustice" of territories where mining settles. In this thesis we aim to reveal the perspectives of local populations on the outskirts of a city, offer other concepts (alternatives) for the environment and nature, denouncing the practices of developmental rhetoric.

Univerzita Karlova Filozofická fakulta Ústav románských studií Románské literatury Abstract Mgr. Angela Alexandra DʹOrso IMMAGINAZIONE, LINGUA, CORPO: la geografia della voce nell'opera di Giacomo Leopardi IMAGINACE, JAZYK, TĚLO: místopis hlasu v díle Giacoma Leopardiho IMAGINATION, LANGUAGE, BODY: the path of the voice in Leopardi's literary work Školitelka: PhDr. Alice Flemrová, Ph.D. 2021 This thesis deals with orality in Giacomo Leopardi's literary work. The study focuses on the connection between Teoria del piacere and orality. Orality is an important subject in Leopardi's mindset; the author reproduces the effect of orality in writing by using a specific linguistic style, special phonetic elements and syntactic structure typically used in spoken language. Prose and poetry therefore contain examples of spoken language which help to explain the centrality of reflection about orality in Leopardi's poetics and philosophy. This reflection is also present in Canti as a poetic motif involving two elements: voice and silence. The study shows Leopardi's constant tension towards a primitive universe, whose orality is a trace. The research therefore intercepts Leopardi's sensitivity about nature, a dimension in which body is central and a more immediate and spontaneous contact with life exists. The category of...

Defining a new concept NP is based on the personal survival of human failure in nature preservation and giving the opportunity to spend time in deeper places in this mountainous landscape where the biggest negative impacts of forest extraction are. The project doesn’t define only new principle, but the process at the beginning of which makes the tourism of landscape views and clusters has became antiturism, antipanorama and depressed experience from the ruined landscape. Gradually with the restoration of the landscape, our relationship with her is renewed as part of understanding a land.

La nidification urbaine des goélands est un phénomène récent et potentiellement conflictuel. A Marseille, la focalisation sur la gestion des déchets urbains pour expliquer ce phénomène élude la question du potentiel rôle actif des goélands. Les approches disciplinaires ayant des difficultés à rendre compte de la complexité des relations entre hommes et animaux, cette recherche adopte une approche interdisciplinaire et symétrisante impliquant à la fois observation des goélands, recueil des discours et pratiques des acteurs humains, et analyse de leurs relations dans la diachronie via l'étude d'archives. L'ensemble de nos résultats montre que la nidification urbaine des goélands s'inscrit dans un long processus qui n'est pas uniquement lié à la gestion des déchets urbains. Les propriétés interactives du goéland y tiennent un rôle non négligeable. Il s'affirme ainsi comme un acteur de la relation, capable d'ajuster ses comportements à ceux des humains et de défendre ses intérêts. Les comportements du goéland, à la fois oiseau sauvage qui interagit avec l'humain et voisin envahissant, sont de plus considérés par de nombreux habitants comme surprenants et intéressants, mais aussi ambigus, voire inciviques. L'analyse de cette forme nouvelle de cohabitation entre hommes et goélands montre la nécessité de donner une nouvelle place analytique à l'animal. Elle encourage l'étude des liens entre hommes et animaux dans leur contexte social, écologique et historique pour en saisir le caractère interactif et dynamique. Enfin, elle donne à penser la protection de la nature non plus seulement en termes de biens mais aussi et surtout en termes de liens.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_kca_me_mar.pdf: 564771 bytes, checksum: 71d2abc323fd55dbe3a26dfd3eaf74a1 (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a contribuição de Jean Jacques Rousseau na construção do pensamento sobre as diferenças entre os homens e que no século seguinte se constituiu enquanto disciplina acadêmica de antropologia e de que forma ela ocorreu. Suas obras mais significativas foram utilizadas, contextualizando-se as idéias dentro do momento histórico em que se desenvolveram na Europa dos séculos XVIII e XIX. Os conceitos de cultura/natureza, identidade/diversidade e singularidade/universalidade foram enfatizados numa tentativa de se entender o pensamento social europeu diante da diversidade de culturas existentes no planeta e cujo início de mapeamento teve início com o colonialismo ocidental. / The goal of this work is comprehend Jean Jacques Rousseau’s contribution on the construction of thoughts about differences between men and which on next century constituted as academic discipline of anthropology and in which way it occurs. His most significant works were used, contextualizing the ideas within historical moment at which they developed in Europe XVIII and XIX centuries. The concepts of culture/nature, identity/diversity and singularity/universality were emphasized for trying to understanding the European social thought before diversity of cultures existing in the planet and which maping had beginning with the occidental colonialism. Keywords: Nature/Culture. Identity/Diversity. Singularity/universality. Rousseau. History of classical anthropological thought. Evolution and progress.

Sweden is a country with a lot of tourism that is dependent on nature as a touristic resource. Nature itself is a complex concept with different interpretations. In this thesis, the social construction of the Swedish nature as a touristic attraction is scrutinized. A total of 671 visual images with belonging descriptive texts has been collected from an online image bank where information about Sweden is available for foreign marketers. The material was analysed in order to answer questions about how the Swedish nature and the touristic approach to it are presented, how nature features are assigned to it and how the relationship between nature and humans is presented. The composition and portraiture of the images and prominent themes and patterns in the textual descriptions have been identified as well. The theoretical framework is based on discourse theory, while the methodological framework is based on inspiration from both discourse analysis and content analysis. The result revealed that Swedish nature is presented as part of the rural Sweden with mountains, forests and littoral areas as the main elements. Swedish nature is foremost portrayed as wild and authentic, but also as sublime and pristine to a lesser extent. It is also portrayed as a place for touristic activities with a focus on the outdoors and physical activity. The relation between nature and humans differ, but the Swedish people are portrayed as more connected to nature than tourists

La présente étude porte sur les aspects Nature-Culture relatifs à l’émergence de variations interindividuelles quant à la capacité universelle de régulation d’une émotion primaire, la tristesse. Cette problématique représente un exemple du lien entre la conception évolutionniste d’une nature humaine universelle, innée et génétiquement prescrite, mais susceptible de variation dans son expression en fonction d’expériences individuelles liées aux processus de socialisation et d’enculturation. À l’aide du devis génétiquement informatif des jumeaux, nous nous sommes d’abord penchés sur l’étiologie gènes-environnement de la dépression à l’enfance, une dysfonction du système de régulation émotionnelle de la tristesse. Puis, nous nous sommes interrogés quant à l’influence du traitement et de l’état psychique maternels sur cet aspect du développement émotionnel de l’enfant. Nos analyses de la symptomatologie dépressive indiquent une absence d’influence génétique dans le développement de ce trouble de l’humeur. Les variations individuelles de la régulation de la tristesse reposent ainsi uniquement sur les effets de l’environnement. Nos résultats révèlent également l’existence d’une relation importante entre l’état psychique de la mère, évalué lorsque les jumeaux avaient cinq mois, et la présence de symptômes dépressifs chez ces derniers mesurés huit ans plus tard. L’état psychique de la mère est considéré comme l’un des meilleurs indicateurs de la qualité du traitement maternel en bas âge. Nos mesures directes des comportements maternels envers le nourrisson et le développement ultérieur du trouble de dépression indiquent également l’existence de tendances statistiques allant dans le sens de notre hypothèse d’un traitement maternel sous-optimal contribuant au développement de dysfonctions émotionnelles ultérieures. / The present study explores the Nature-Nurture aspects pertaining to the emergence of interindividual variation in the emotional regulation of a primary emotion, sadness. This question is an example of the more encompassing issue of a universal human nature, biologically evolved and genetically underwritten, being nevertheless variable in its expression depending on individual experiences linked to socialization and enculturation. Using a genetically informative twin design, we explored the genetic-environmental aetiology of child depression, which is understood to be a dysfunction in the emotional regulation system of sadness. We then assessed the influences of maternal behavior and mental state on the development of children’s depressive symptoms. Our analysis of child depression shows an absence of genetic influence in the emergence of this mood disorder. Thus, individual variation in sadness regulation appears to be solely generated by environmental influences. Our results also show a strong and significant relation between maternal psychological state, assessed when the twins were 5 months of age, and children’s depressive symptoms measured 8 years later. Maternal psychological state is considered to be one of the most reliable indicators of the quality of maternal treatment in childhood. Our direct measures of maternal behavior toward the infant and the subsequent development of depressive disorder also point to statistical trends supporting our hypothesis of suboptimal maternal treatment contributing to the development of later emotional dysfunction.

This thesis is a study of constructions of reality in visual and textual representations in current exhibitions in the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm with comparisons to the Natural History Museum in Gothenburg and minor excursions to other museums. The study also includes seven giant screen films in Cosmonova: an IMAX theatre which is part of the Swedish Museum of Natural History. The study consists of three parts: I. Historical and theoretical contextualisation: The emergence of museums is understood as an aspect of modernity and nature, and analytical concepts from semiotics, deconstruction and discourse analysis are presented and discussed. This part also includes a discussion of anthropomorphism and andropocentric stereotyping and a study of the emergence of the environmental question in society, science, museums and in the disciplines of sociology and cultural studies. II. Empirical analysis: Starting with questions what stories modern exhibitions in museums of natural history tell and how animals, bodies, humans and the environment are represented in the exhibitions and films I discuss different aspects of the dualism of nature and culture in relation to other dualisms such as animal/human, nature/society and ecology/economy. The dualism nature/culture that is expressed in exclusions of conventional signs for human culture is problematic from an environmental perspective. I pose the question of whether or not the marginalized phenomenon of the cabinet of curiosity that combine both “naturalia” and “artificialia” and displays phenomena classified as abnormal, can provide a key to narratives about co-evolution, environmental issues and variations in morphology and behaviour. III. Discussion: The potential for transcending the dualism of nature and culture, both theoretically-and practically-speaking, and particularly in relation to the environmental question, is discussed, as is the possibility that museums can be(come) reflexive sub-political arenas for dialogues between politics, science and people.

La présente étude porte sur les aspects Nature-Culture relatifs à l’émergence de variations interindividuelles quant à la capacité universelle de régulation d’une émotion primaire, la tristesse. Cette problématique représente un exemple du lien entre la conception évolutionniste d’une nature humaine universelle, innée et génétiquement prescrite, mais susceptible de variation dans son expression en fonction d’expériences individuelles liées aux processus de socialisation et d’enculturation. À l’aide du devis génétiquement informatif des jumeaux, nous nous sommes d’abord penchés sur l’étiologie gènes-environnement de la dépression à l’enfance, une dysfonction du système de régulation émotionnelle de la tristesse. Puis, nous nous sommes interrogés quant à l’influence du traitement et de l’état psychique maternels sur cet aspect du développement émotionnel de l’enfant. Nos analyses de la symptomatologie dépressive indiquent une absence d’influence génétique dans le développement de ce trouble de l’humeur. Les variations individuelles de la régulation de la tristesse reposent ainsi uniquement sur les effets de l’environnement. Nos résultats révèlent également l’existence d’une relation importante entre l’état psychique de la mère, évalué lorsque les jumeaux avaient cinq mois, et la présence de symptômes dépressifs chez ces derniers mesurés huit ans plus tard. L’état psychique de la mère est considéré comme l’un des meilleurs indicateurs de la qualité du traitement maternel en bas âge. Nos mesures directes des comportements maternels envers le nourrisson et le développement ultérieur du trouble de dépression indiquent également l’existence de tendances statistiques allant dans le sens de notre hypothèse d’un traitement maternel sous-optimal contribuant au développement de dysfonctions émotionnelles ultérieures. / The present study explores the Nature-Nurture aspects pertaining to the emergence of interindividual variation in the emotional regulation of a primary emotion, sadness. This question is an example of the more encompassing issue of a universal human nature, biologically evolved and genetically underwritten, being nevertheless variable in its expression depending on individual experiences linked to socialization and enculturation. Using a genetically informative twin design, we explored the genetic-environmental aetiology of child depression, which is understood to be a dysfunction in the emotional regulation system of sadness. We then assessed the influences of maternal behavior and mental state on the development of children’s depressive symptoms. Our analysis of child depression shows an absence of genetic influence in the emergence of this mood disorder. Thus, individual variation in sadness regulation appears to be solely generated by environmental influences. Our results also show a strong and significant relation between maternal psychological state, assessed when the twins were 5 months of age, and children’s depressive symptoms measured 8 years later. Maternal psychological state is considered to be one of the most reliable indicators of the quality of maternal treatment in childhood. Our direct measures of maternal behavior toward the infant and the subsequent development of depressive disorder also point to statistical trends supporting our hypothesis of suboptimal maternal treatment contributing to the development of later emotional dysfunction.