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Globalização e rebatimentos socioambientais: o caso do aglomerado industrial naval em NiteróiPóvoa, Rafael Fajardo 23 October 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-06-07T20:54:59Z
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Previous issue date: 2015-10-23 / O trabalho é dedicado à compreensão dos impactos socioambientais verificados nos bairros da Enseada de São Lourenço, município de Niterói, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Caracterizam-se por serem próximos ao porto da cidade, marcados historicamente pela ocupação da indústria de construção naval. Recentemente, grandes empreendimentos transnacionais, motivados pelas oportunidades de negócios oriundas da expansão da atividade offshore no Brasil, instalaram-se na região em substituição aos antigos estaleiros de cunho tradicional e de controle familiar. O advento dos novos players globais representa a imposição de novos desafios a uma realidade espacial caracterizada pelo fracionamento territorial urbano provocado por modificações decorrentes de grandes obras no decorrer do século passado. O caminho teórico, aqui percorrido, busca elementos explicativos sobre a atual capacidade do segmento industrial naval em oferecer respostas socioambientais aos desafios identificados ao longo da pesquisa, lançando luz sobre as implicações decorrentes do processo de globalização, analisado como um movimento que complexifica as relações entre as corporações empresariais e o lugar no qual atuam. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar os desafios existentes para a promoção de práticas e políticas socioambientais no interior da Enseada de São Lourenço, a partir do levantamento dos empreendimentos vinculados a corporações transnacionais atuantes, da caracterização de tais companhias como entraves ao desenvolvimento local e o estabelecimento de diagnóstico que relacione a fragmentação urbana da região estudada como um aspecto a ser considerado para o entendimento do cenário que aglutina o conjunto de firmas do pólo metalúrgico naval. A compreensão de como a nova indústria de apoio à logística de suprimentos offshore relaciona-se com o seu entorno deve aclarar os desdobramentos produzidos localmente ocasionados por decisões de grupos globais, revelando em que medida estas corporações demonstram-se comprometidas em suas atividades com questões referentes à mitigação de danos e controle da produção de riscos. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa usou-se diversificado espectro bibliográfico sobre características da indústria naval no Brasil, gestão socioambiental e globalização que foi conjugado ao estudo de caso sobre a região portuária niteroiense, o qual inclui visitas exploratórias e o empreendimento de entrevistas não estruturadas, a fim de aprofundar a percepção dos atores locais sobre a densidade das contradições e dos conflitos vivenciados nos bairros. As respostas a serem descortinadas no estudo possibilitam averiguar o nível de satisfação da comunidade com os parâmetros de responsabilidade socioambiental praticados pela gestão dos representantes industriais e os obstáculos ao desenvolvimento de melhorias nos processos de mitigação de impactos e de relacionamento com a comunidade. / The present study is dedicated to understanding the social and environmental impacts in the neighborhoods of São Lourenço Harbor, state of Rio de Janeiro. They are characterized as being neighborhoods near the city’s seaport, historically marked by the occupation of the shipbuilding industry. Recently, large multinational enterprises, motivated by the business opportunities arising from the expansion of offshore activity in Brazil, settled in the region, replacing the old traditional and family controlled shipyards. The advent of these new global players represents an imposition of new challenges to a local reality characterized by urban territorial subdivision caused by changes arising from big constructions over the past century. The theoretical path, now covered, searchs explanatory elements about the current capacity of the shipbuilding industry segment to offer environmental and social responses to the challenges identified during the research, clarifying on the implications of the globalization process, analyzed as a movement that complexifies the relationship between business corporations and the place in which they operate. In this sense, this research has as main objective to analyze the existing challenges in promoting social and environmental practices and policies within the St. Lawrence Harbor, from the collection of the businesses linked to active transnational corporations, the characterization of such companies as barriers to local development and the establishment of diagnosis that relates the urban fragmentation of the studied region as an aspect to be considered to understand the scenario that brings together the group of companys from the naval metallurgical pole. The understanding of how the new industry of logistics support to offshore supplies relates to its surroundings must clarify the local developments occasioned by global groups decisions, revealing how much these corporations are engaged in their activities with issues relating to damage mitigation and control of production risks. In the development of research was used a diverse bibliographic spectrum about the characteristics of the shipbuilding industry in Brazil, environmental management and globalization which was conjugated to the case study on the niteroiense port area, which includes exploratory visits and the realization of unstructured interviews in order to deepen the awareness of local actors about the density of the contradictions and conflicts experienced in neighborhoods. The answers to be discovered in the study make it possible to ascertain the community's level of satisfaction with the socio-environmental responsibility parameters taken by the management of industrial representatives and the obstacles to the development of improvements in impact mitigation processes and relationship with the community.
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L'internationalisation des chaînes de valeur dans l'industrie de défense : le cas du naval / Value chains internationalization in the defense industry : focus on the naval industryHérault, Paul 13 February 2018 (has links)
L’internationalisation des chaînes de valeur fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches macroéconomiques ou ciblées sur des secteurs majoritairement civils. En se concentrant sur l’industrie de défense, cette thèse évalue comment ce processus de fragmentation fonctionnelle et géographique peut s’appliquer à un secteur hautement régulé par les Etats et dont les échanges internationaux sont très strictement encadrés.Cette recherche apporte plusieurs estimations du niveau d’internationalisation de l’industrie navale de défense française, à partir de données originales de Naval Group. Si les programmes relatifs à la dissuasion nucléaire sont très peu internationalisés, de nombreux facteurs concourent à l’internationalisation de la filière : exigences de contenu local et transferts de technologie des clients étrangers, intégration de technologies civiles ou duales, stratégies d’internationalisation. Enfin, le recours au concept de modularité permet de montrer que l’évolution du processus productif s’accompagne souvent d’une évolution de l’architecture des produits. / Many research works have already been dedicated to the internationalization of value chains. Whereas this research is often performed through macroeconomics or focused on civilian sectors, this thesis examines how the process of functional and geographic unbundling can apply to such a regulated sector as the defense industry, where exports are strictly controlled by states.Based on original data provided by Naval Group, this dissertation set out several estimates of the internationalization level of French navy programs. Although programs related to nuclear deterrence remain almost exclusively « made in France », many factors contribute to the internationalization of value chains in the naval industry: transfer of technology, local content requirements, integration of commercial or dual-use technologies, internationalization corporate strategies. Referring to the concept of modularity, this thesis reveals that changes in production process can foster innovation in product architecture.
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