Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:14:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lidia Zuin de Moura.pdf: 2168540 bytes, checksum: 23d6920774045a51d86d5d49fcb9ad64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-17 / The objective of this research is to investigate and comprehend the discursive strategies employed in the construction of the images by Gottfried Helnwein, an Austrian photographer and hyperrealist painter. His works reunite the theme of Nazism and violence in a grim aesthetics that dialogues with pop culture characters. The research is divided in three parts: 1. The historic and cultural context lived by Helnwein and the relationship of the public with his images; 2. The cultural universes that influenced Helnwein: Baroque and Tenebrism, Jungian shadow, Viennese Actionism, Pop Art, Hyperrealism; 3. The analysis of the series The Murmur of the Innocents (2009-2013), The Disasters of War (2007-2011), Epiphany (1993-1998) and The American Paintings (2000-2003), focusing specially on the motives of the child, pop culture, Nazism and religiosity. The theoretical and methodological framework is constituted by the image theories of Vilém Flusser and Aby Warburg, by the concepts of archetypical image of C. G. Jung and pop culture of Daniel Boorstin and Roland Kelts / Esta pesquisa visa investigar e compreender as estratégias discursivas empregadas nas construções das imagens de Gottfried Helnwein, fotógrafo e pintor hiperrealista austríaco. Suas obras unem o tema do nazismo e da violência numa estética soturna que dialoga com personagens da cultura pop. A pesquisa se divide em três eixos: 1. O contexto histórico e cultural vivido por Helnwein e a relação do público com suas imagens; 2. Os universos culturais que exerceram influência sobre Helnwein: Barroco e Tenebrismo, sombra junguiana, Acionismo Vienense, Pop Art, Hiperrealismo; 3. Análise das séries The Murmur of the Innocents (2009-2013), The Disasters of War (2007-2011), Epiphany (1993-1998) e The American Paintings (2000-2003), focando-se especialmente nos motivos da criança, da cultura pop, do nazismo e da religiosidade. O quadro teórico e metodológico constitui-se a partir das teorias da imagem de Vilém Flusser e de Aby Warburg, considerando-se também os conceitos de imagem arquetípica de C. G. Jung e de cultura pop para Daniel Boorstin e Roland Kelts

A Alemanha, sob o nazismo, experimentou um processo de inversão moral que, combinado a outros fatores, como o nacionalismo e o racismo em escala nunca vista, levou o país a cometer crimes sem paralelo na História. A partir da base teórica oferecida por Hannah Arendt e por meio da análise de diários de alemães envolvidos diretamente com o nazismo quer como militantes, quer como simpatizantes, quer como críticos , esta pesquisa procura contextualizar esse processo, discutindo como uma sociedade sofisticada e desenvolvida se deixou envolver pela ideia de que sua sobrevivência, em última análise, dependia da destruição do Outro, isto é, dos povos que não integravam seu ideal de civilização e humanidade. O trabalho dedica-se ainda a observar que a inversão moral foi tão completa e abrangente que envolveu igualmente as vítimas e praticamente impediu que surgisse qualquer forma de resistência organizada. Será dada especial ênfase ao papel do pensamento völkisch, que misturava nacionalismo e romantismo em doses suficientes para tornar a violência um valor positivo, e ao papel da burocracia, que transformou o assassinato numa tarefa como outra qualquer, aliviando consciências e viabilizando o genocídio. / Germany, under the Nazi regime, experienced a process of moral inversion which, combined with other factors, such as nationalism and racism on a scale never seen, led the country to commit crimes without parallel in History. Using the theoretical basis offered by Hannah Arendt and analyzing the diaries written by Germans directly involved with Nazism either as militants, as supporters or as critics this research aims to contextualize this process, discussing how a sophisticated and developed society was caught by the idea that its survival ultimately depended on the destruction of the Other, that is, the people who did not belong to its ideal of civilization and humanity. The work also aims to observe that the moral inversion was so complete and comprehensive that also involved victims and prevented the arising of any form of organized resistance. Emphasis will be given to the role of the völkisch movement, that mixed nationalism and romanticism in doses sufficient to transform violence in value, and to the role of the bureaucracy, which turned the murder into a task like any other, relieving consciences and thus enabling genocide.

Doctor of Philosophy / This regional study documents the life and the destruction of the Jewish community of Magdeburg, in the Prussian province of Saxony, between 1933 and 1945. As this is the first comprehensive and academic study of this community during the Nazi period, it has contributed to both the regional historiography of German Jewry and the historiography of the Shoah in Germany. In both respects it affords a further understanding of Jewish life in Nazi Germany. Commencing this study at the beginning of 1933 enables a comprehensive view to emerge of the community as it was on the eve of the Nazi assault. The study then analyses the spiralling events that led to its eventual destruction. The story of the Magdeburg Jewish community in both the public and private domains has been explored from the Nazi accession to power in 1933 up until April 1945, when only a handful of Jews in the city witnessed liberation. This study has combined both archival material and oral history to reconstruct the period. Secondary literature has largely been incorporated and used in a comparative sense and as reference material. This study has interpreted and viewed the period from an essentially Jewish perspective. That is to say, in documenting the experiences of the Jews of Magdeburg, this study has focused almost exclusively on how this population simultaneously lived and grappled with the deteriorating situation. Much attention has been placed on how it reacted and responded at key junctures in the processes of disenfranchisement, exclusion and finally destruction. This discussion also includes how and why Jews reached decisions to abandon their Heimat and what their experiences with departure were. In the final chapter of the community’s story, an exploration has been made of how the majority of those Jews who remained endured the final years of humiliation and stigmatisation. All but a few perished once the implementation of the ‘Final Solution’ reached Magdeburg in April 1942. The epilogue of this study charts the experiences of those who remained in the city, some of whom survived to tell their story.

<p>Faktagranskning: Mats Bergquist, Docent i Statsvetenskap</p>

Le but de ce mémoire est de poser un regard comparatiste sur les conséquences éventuelles de la politique eugénique totalitaire du Troisième Reich, et ce, dans l’optique où ce régime aurait eu la chance de poursuivre ses ambitions à ce niveau. En portant respectivement notre attention sur la structure organisationnelle du NSDAP, de l’État et de l’autorité, sur les étapes spécifiques de l’établissement du totalitarisme hitlérien, sur les diverses techniques de propagande et d’endoctrinement utilisées par les nazis pour accomplir l’unification du peuple allemand, ainsi que sur l’application pratique et le discours relatif à la politique eugénique dans le Reich et sur les territoires occupés, nous comprendrons que le mouvement propre au totalitarisme hitlérien, en changeant constamment sa définition respective de l’« élite » et de l’être « dépravé », n’aurait jamais mis fin à la purge raciale de la population sous son joug. Par conséquent, la place de l’« allemand moyen » aurait été quasi inexistante. Le Troisième Reich, par élimination et élevage social constant, aurait donc créé un « homme nouveau », basé sur l’idéologie arbitraire et instable du régime et pigé dans les peuples occupés à divers degré. Au bout de plusieurs générations, cet être nouveau aurait constitué le « noyau racial » de la population d’une nouvelle Europe aryanisée, construite sur le cadavre de la plus grande partie des anciens peuples du continent, incluant le peuple allemand. / The aim of this memoir is to examine and compare what could have been the consequences of the Third Reich’s totalitarian eugenics, considering the context in which this regime had the opportunity to fulfill its political ambitions. In fact, the NSDAP, the state and the authority’s structure; the various steps that led to the establishment of the Hitlerian totalitarian regime; the numerous propaganda and indoctrination exercises taken on Nazis in order to achieve the german unification; the practical purposes as well as the eugenics related discourse within the Reich and all of the occupied territories, are some of the most important aspects explaining the evolution of the Hitlerian totalitarian movement. These factors clearly demonstrate why a movement that is constantly changing its opinion about the elites and the reprobates could never have put to an end the racial purge that was in place at that time. Consequently, the ordinary German citizen would have been practically nonexistent. The Third Reich would therefore have created a new type of people through elimination and by continuously manipulating the notion of class and social ranking. The nazi conception of power, the state, race, and national unity was based on an arbitrary and erratic ideology that was, to a certain extent, acquired from the invaded people. A great many generations later, this new human being would have represented the main ethnic group of the newly formed Aryan population, a nation built upon the dead bodies of the majority of the ancient people living on the European continent, including the German.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Doctor of Philosophy / This regional study documents the life and the destruction of the Jewish community of Magdeburg, in the Prussian province of Saxony, between 1933 and 1945. As this is the first comprehensive and academic study of this community during the Nazi period, it has contributed to both the regional historiography of German Jewry and the historiography of the Shoah in Germany. In both respects it affords a further understanding of Jewish life in Nazi Germany. Commencing this study at the beginning of 1933 enables a comprehensive view to emerge of the community as it was on the eve of the Nazi assault. The study then analyses the spiralling events that led to its eventual destruction. The story of the Magdeburg Jewish community in both the public and private domains has been explored from the Nazi accession to power in 1933 up until April 1945, when only a handful of Jews in the city witnessed liberation. This study has combined both archival material and oral history to reconstruct the period. Secondary literature has largely been incorporated and used in a comparative sense and as reference material. This study has interpreted and viewed the period from an essentially Jewish perspective. That is to say, in documenting the experiences of the Jews of Magdeburg, this study has focused almost exclusively on how this population simultaneously lived and grappled with the deteriorating situation. Much attention has been placed on how it reacted and responded at key junctures in the processes of disenfranchisement, exclusion and finally destruction. This discussion also includes how and why Jews reached decisions to abandon their Heimat and what their experiences with departure were. In the final chapter of the community’s story, an exploration has been made of how the majority of those Jews who remained endured the final years of humiliation and stigmatisation. All but a few perished once the implementation of the ‘Final Solution’ reached Magdeburg in April 1942. The epilogue of this study charts the experiences of those who remained in the city, some of whom survived to tell their story.

The thesis deals with right-wing extremism in the context of democracy. In the first part, democracy, its development and basic values are characterised. The following part describes extremism and its rudimentary typology, historical roots of right-wing extremism and its strategy. The final part focuses on the fight of democracy against extremism. In this part, possible anti-extremist measures are proposed, including critical reflections on the principles of right-wing extremism. Furthermore, a concept of so-called militant democracy is introduced, along with the analysis of its application in the Czech Republic and its critical reflection.

Orientador: Tânia Regina de Luca / Banca: Zélia Lopes da Silva / Banca: René Ernaini Gertz / Resumo: A presente pesquisa discute a imigração alemã e a influência do nazismo na cidade de Presidente Venceslau entre os anos de 1923 e 1945. A inserção do colono teuto e as múltiplas maneiras de recriar o novo espaço, muitas vezes relacionadas à cultura alemã, lançaram as bases para o fortalecimento dos laços com a pátria de origem. O uso diário da língua materna e a construção da Escola alemã, voltada exclusivamente para a comunidade, criaram um vínculo permanente com a Alemanha, fortalecido por meio do discurso nacionalista da década de 1930. A propagação da ideologia nazista ganhou contornos identitários no seio colonial, pois a comunidade ostentava os símbolos do regime e reverenciava seu líder, tal qual ocorria na própria Alemanha. A idéia de "perigo alemão" se delineou no início de 1940, legitimada pela política repressiva do Estado Novo, momento em que a boa relação dos colonos alemães com a sociedade venceslauense deteriorou-se, sendo os mesmos vigiados, perseguidos e atacados na imprensa local. / Abstract: This research discusses about the German immigration and the Nazism influences in Presidente Venceslau between 1923 and 1945. The insertions of the German immigrant and the multiple ways of recreating the space, usually linked with the German culture, have permitted to strengthen the link with the native country. The use of mother tongue and the building of the German school, directed only to the community, has created a permanent link with German, which was strengthen by the nationalist discourse of the 30's. The Nazis' ideology spread has gained identity representation inside the colony, once the community exhibited the symbols and venerated its leader, the same way people did in German. The idea of the " German Danger" has been delineated in the begging of the 40's, legitimized by the repressive politic of the Estado Novo, when the good relationship between the German colony and Venceslau's society has started to be damaged, and the colonials were spied, hunted and attacked by the local press. / Mestre

In the submitted thesis the author focuses on the rising popularity of extremist political parties in the Czech Republic. The popularity growth of extremist political parties in the Czech Republic is proven by election results in recent years. Right-wing extremists{\crq} ``combat power{\crqq} growth is closely connected with the increasing number of their followers. Regional elections in 2008, in which the Labour Party achieved almost 29 thousand votes, which represents eight times more than the party had achieved in the previous elections in 2004, can be a proof of that. What is more, this party achieved 1.07% votes in the European Parliament elections and it surpassed the limit which is necessary for the state subsidy requisition. In the Theoretical Part the author deals with definitions of basic terms ``extreme{\crqq} and ``radical{\crqq}. Then he deals with the theoretical division of the political scene, from both the current point of view and the historical point of view, into the rights and the lefts. Then he attends to some terms which are closely associated with extremism, such as: nationalism, anti-Semitism and racism. In the Conclusion of the Theoretical Part the author focuses on the far rights and the far lefts. He pays attention to both the current representatives and to their predecessors of those extreme lines. In the Practical Part the author sets his targets and defines hypotheses and he also attends to the used research procedure there. The research was made via questionnaire investigations. Questions were focused on people{\crq}s opinions which are related to inadaptable citizens and extremism. There were also some questions which were focused on activities of those parties in the above mentioned fields, regarding the inadaptable citizens and extremism, which have their members in the Parliament of the Czech Republic. In the Practical part of the thesis the author also evaluates the observed results in light of respondents{\crq} achieved level of education. In the Discussion of the thesis the author compares the observed data with the knowledge of experts. He also focuses on divergent opinions of asked respondents, in connection with their achieved level of education. The thesis and the observed results could be used by general public interested in extremism in the Czech Republic. Besides, the thesis and the observed results could be used as a source of information to improve general knowledge about the scene of extremism and about the problems pertaining to the scene in the Czech Republic.