L’accouchement et ses conséquences demeurent une des principales causes d’incapacité et de décès pour les femmes dans les pays en développement et comprendre l’utilisation tardive des soins obstétricaux d’urgence au moment d’une complication obstétricale constitue un véritable défi en santé publique. La présente étude qualitative relate l’expérience d’accouchement difficile au Mali, en milieu rural. Dans un contexte de pluralité de systèmes de soins, l’objet de cette étude consiste à déterminer les raisons de l’arrivée tardive des femmes au centre de santé de 1ier ligne, à saisir la compréhension qu’elles ont de l’utilisation des services sanitaires, enfin à reconstruire les processus de prise de décisions de recourir aux soins modernes. Cette étude s’inscrit dans une démarche de type ethnographique. Des entretiens semi dirigés et l’observation des interactions entre les femmes et les professionnels de santé ont constitué le corpus de données. Nous retenons qu’une série de facteurs entrent en jeu pour comprendre le problème de l’utilisation tardive des soins obstétricaux d’urgence. Des contraintes exogènes liées à la distance et l’immédiateté de l’urgence obstétricale c'est-à-dire la mobilisation des ressources et des moyens de transport, accompagnées de contraintes endogènes telles que la subordination des femmes au consentement familial, la perception de la qualité des soins et de la compétence des soignants, influencent systématiquement le choix de recourir aux soins modernes. Le phénomène de gestion collective de la complication obstétricale s’inscrit dans un contexte d’intéractions complexes où l’opinion des femmes est totalement minimisée. / Childbirth and its consequences remain a leading cause of disability and death for women in developing countries and the late use of emergency obstetric care during obstetric complications is a challenge in public health. This qualitative study describes the experience of difficult childbirth in Mali, in rural areas. In a context of multiple systems of care, the purpose of this study is first to determine the reasons for the late arrival of women in the health center, to grasp their understanding of the use of health care services, and finally to reconstruct the decision making process to use modern health care. This study is part of an ethnographic approach. Semi-structured interviews and observation of interactions between women and health professionals were conducted. Numerous factors come into play to understand the problem of late use of emergency obstetric care. Exogenous constraints related to the distance and immediacy of the obstetric emergency that is to say the mobilization of resources and means of transport, influence the choice of women to use modern obstetric cares. In the same way, endogenous constraints such as the subordination of women in the family consent, perception of quality of care and skill of caregivers, systematically influence the choice to use modern health care. Collective management of obstetric complications we have observed, occur in a context where the opinion of women is completely minimized.

Background: The proportion of older individuals in the driving population is predicted to increase in the next 50 years. This has important implications for driving safety as abilities which are important for safe driving, such as vision (which accounts for the majority of the sensory input required for driving), processing ability and cognition have been shown to decline with age. The current methods employed for screening older drivers upon re-licensure are also vision based. This study, which investigated social, behavioural and professional aspects involved with older drivers, aimed to determine: (i) if the current visual standards in place for testing upon re-licensure are effective in reducing the older driver fatality rate in Australia; (ii) if the recommended visual standards are actually implemented as part of the testing procedures by Australian optometrists; and (iii) if there are other non-standardised tests which may be better at predicting the on-road incident-risk (including near misses and minor incidents) in older drivers than those tests recommended in the standards. Methods: For the first phase of the study, state-based age- and gender-stratified numbers of older driver fatalities for 2000-2003 were obtained from the Australian Transportation Safety Bureau database. Poisson regression analyses of fatality rates were considered by renewal frequency and jurisdiction (as separate models), adjusting for possible confounding variables of age, gender and year. For the second phase, all practising optometrists in Australia were surveyed on the vision tests they conduct in consultations relating to driving and their knowledge of vision requirements for older drivers. Finally, for the third phase of the study to investigate determinants of on-road incident risk, a stratified random sample of 600 Brisbane residents aged 60 years and were selected and invited to participate using an introductory letter explaining the project requirements. In order to capture the number and type of road incidents which occurred for each participant over 12 months (including near misses and minor incidents), an important component of the prospective research study was the development and validation of a driving diary. The diary was a tool in which incidents that occurred could be logged at that time (or very close in time to which they occurred) and thus, in comparison with relying on participant memory over time, recall bias of incident occurrence was minimised. Association between all visual tests, cognition and scores obtained for non-standard functional tests with retrospective and prospective incident occurrence was investigated. Results: In the first phase,rivers aged 60-69 years had a 33% lower fatality risk (Rate Ratio [RR] = 0.75, 95% CI 0.32-1.77) in states with vision testing upon re-licensure compared with states with no vision testing upon re-licensure, however, because the CIs are wide, crossing 1.00, this result should be regarded with caution. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older (RR=1.17, CI 0.64-2.13) did not differ between states with and without license renewal procedures, indicating no apparent benefit in vision testing legislation. For the second phase of the study, nearly all optometrists measured visual acuity (VA) as part of a vision assessment for re-licensing, however, 20% of optometrists did not perform any visual field (VF) testing and only 20% routinely performed automated VF on older drivers, despite the standards for licensing advocating automated VF as part of the vision standard. This demonstrates the need for more effective communication between the policy makers and those responsible for carrying out the standards. It may also indicate that the overall higher driver fatality rate in jurisdictions with vision testing requirements is resultant as the tests recommended by the standards are only partially being conducted by optometrists. Hence a standardised protocol for the screening of older drivers for re-licensure across the nation must be established. The opinions of Australian optometrists with regard to the responsibility of reporting older drivers who fail to meet the licensing standards highlighted the conflict between maintaining patient confidentiality or upholding public safety. Mandatory reporting requirements of those drivers who fail to reach the standards necessary for driving would minimise potential conflict between the patient and their practitioner, and help maintain patient trust and goodwill. The final phase of the PhD program investigated the efficacy of vision, functional and cognitive tests to discriminate between at-risk and safe older drivers. Nearly 80% of the participants experienced an incident of some form over the prospective 12 months, with the total incident rate being 4.65/10 000 km. Sixty-three percent reported having a near miss and 28% had a minor incident. The results from the prospective diary study indicate that the current vision screening tests (VA and VF) used for re-licensure do not accurately predict older drivers who are at increased odds of having an on-road incident. However, the variation in visual measurements of the cohort was narrow, also affecting the results seen with the visual functon questionnaires. Hence a larger cohort with greater variability should be considered for a future study. A slightly lower cognitive level (as measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) did show an association with incident involvement as did slower reaction time (RT), however the Useful-Field-of-View (UFOV) provided the most compelling results of the study. Cut-off values of UFOV processing (>23.3ms), divided attention (>113ms), selective attention (>258ms) and overall score (moderate/ high/ very high risk) were effective in determining older drivers at increased odds of having any on-road incident and the occurrence of minor incidents. Discussion: The results have shown that for the 60-69 year age-group, there is a potential benefit in testing vision upon licence renewal. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older indicated no benefit in vision testing legislation and suggests a need for inclusion of screening tests which better predict on-road incidents. Although VA is routinely performed by Australian optometrists on older drivers renewing their licence, VF is not. Therefore there is a need for a protocol to be developed and administered which would result in standardised methods conducted throughout the nation for the screening of older drivers upon re-licensure. Communication between the community, policy makers and those conducting the protocol should be maximised. By implementing a standardised screening protocol which incorporates a level of mandatory reporting by the practitioner, the ethical dilemma of breaching patient confidentiality would also be resolved. The tests which should be included in this screening protocol, however, cannot solely be ones which have been implemented in the past. In this investigation, RT, MMSE and UFOV were shown to be better determinants of on-road incidents in older drivers than VA and VF, however, as previously mentioned, there was a lack of variability in visual status within the cohort. Nevertheless, it is the recommendation from this investigation, that subject to appropriate sensitivity and specificity being demonstrated in the future using a cohort with wider variation in vision, functional performance and cognition, these tests of cognition and information processing should be added to the current protocol for the screening of older drivers which may be conducted at licensing centres across the nation.

Η επιρροή του παράγοντα χρονοαπόσταση σε ένα σύστημα ακολουθίας οχημάτων μπορεί να προσδιορίσει την επικινδυνότητα του πλήγματος που υφίσταται το σύστημα. Με βάση μια παρ’ολίγον οπισθο-μετωπική σύγκρουση σε αυτοκινητόδρομο 3 λωρίδων, εξετάζεται ο ρόλος της χρονοαπόστασης μεταξύ των οχημάτων σε συνδυασμό με τους χρόνους αντίδρασης των οδηγών στην αντίληψη του επικείμενου κινδύνου. Το μοντέλο ακολουθίας οχημάτων κατά Brill, που συσχετίζει την χρονοαπόσταση, τον χρόνο αντίδρασης του οδηγού και την επιβράδυνση με τη συχνότητα των ατυχημάτων, χρησιμοποιείται ως κύριο εργαλείο για την εκτίμηση της ευαισθησίας της πιθανότητας ενός ατυχήματος. Μέσω της μικροσκοπικής ανάλυσης του βίντεο καταγραφής του ατυχήματος και της επεξεργασίας των δεδομένων και με πηγή έμπνευσης τα προγενέστερα επίμαχα ερωτήματα που θέτει και απαντά ο G. Davis και οι συνεργάτες του, προκύπτουν οι απαραίτητες πληροφορίες για την αριθμητική περιγραφή του ατυχήματος. Με τη χρήση έπειτα του λογισμικού προγράμματος OpenBUGS, το οποίο βασίζεται στη μέθοδο Monte Carlo Markov Chain, γίνεται προσομοίωση του προτύπου ατυχήματος και υπολογίζονται οι τιμές των παραμέτρων που επηρεάζουν τη μορφή του πλήγματος. Από τα αποτελέσματα προκύπτει ο βαθμός που ο συνδυαστικός παράγοντας χρονοαπόσταση και χρόνος αντίδρασης επηρεάζει το πλήγμα και αξιολογείται. Τέλος, με συγκεκριμένες επεμβάσεις επιχειρείται η βελτίωση ολόκληρου του συστήματος ακολουθίας οχημάτων. / The influence of time headway on a car-following system can determine the severity of a shockwave. Based on a near-miss rear-end collision on a 3-lane highway, this study examines the importance of time headway in combination with the driver’s reaction time upon perception of the upcoming hazard. The car-following model developed by Ed. Brill, relating driver’s reaction time, temporal headway and deceleration response to accident frequency, is used as a main tool for assessing the sensitivity of collision probability. Through a microscopic analysis of the video record and data processing and inspired by earlier critical questions that G. Davis and his associates have posed and answered, all the necessary information for the arithmetical description of the accident is extracted. Using the OpenBUGS software, and based on the Monte Carlo Markov Chain method, simulation of the collision prototype is achieved along with the calculation of other main parameters that affect the shockwave form. Simulation results, revealing the influence that the combined factor headway-reaction time has on a shockwave are derived and evaluated. Through certain modifications, the improvement of the whole car-following system is attempted.

No description available.

Orientadores: Jose Guilherme Cecatti, Ellen Hardy / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T20:37:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa_MariaHelenade_D.pdf: 3645996 bytes, checksum: 2da8a09da4948fa1321c12c5e8548c1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Objetivos: inicialmente o objetivo foi identificar os óbitos registrados como maternos no ¿Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade¿ (SIM), os nascimentos no ¿Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos¿ (SINASC), obter as Razões de Mortalidade Materna (RMM) e identificar diagnósticos e procedimentos aproximados pelos critérios mais conhecidos de morbidade materna grave, analisando as mortes de mulheres residentes nas capitais brasileiras no ¿Sistema de Informações Hospitalares¿ (SIH) em 2002. Posteriormente o objetivo foi identificar no SIH todos os registros de mulheres no período grávido-puerperal que tivessem informações indicativas de morbidade materna grave; descrever os diagnósticos e procedimentos utilizados, propor a definição de um escore de morbidade materna e identificar as variáveis associadas à morte materna. Método: Estudo descritivo, populacional, análise de dados secundários. Inicialmente utilizaram-se dois sistemas vitais e o hospitalar, para as 26 capitais estaduais e o Distrito Federal do Brasil, em 2002. Para a primeira etapa foram obtidas as RMM e informações básicas das mortes maternas declaradas. A partir dessas mortes relacionou-se probabilisticamente o SIM com o SINASC e, em seguida, com o SIH, utilizando-se o programa ¿Reclink II¿, com estratégia de blocagem em múltiplos passos. Em seguida, realizou-se análise descritiva simples. Para a segunda etapa, as principais variáveis foram o diagnóstico principal e secundário e o procedimento solicitado e realizado durante a internação. Houve uma seleção inicial de registros de mulheres de 10 a 49 anos de idade, seguida de uma seleção daquelas que apresentaram pelo menos um item indicativo de morbidade materna grave (near miss). Para os relacionamentos do SIH com o SIM e do SIH com ele mesmo, estabeleceu-se estratégia de blocagem em três passos independentes. Para a análise dos dados foram calculadas as razões de near miss, descritos os diagnósticos e procedimentos, utilizada a técnica multivariada de componentes principais e ajustado o modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: Foram identificadas 339 mortes maternas em 2002, com RMM oficial e ajustada, respectivamente, de 46,4 e 64,9 (mortes por 100.000 nascidos vivos). Com o primeiro relacionamento foi possível localizar 46,5% das mortes maternas e, com o segundo, localizaram-se 55,2% das mortes. O diagnóstico mais freqüente foi o de infecção (13,9%), e o procedimento com maior porcentagem (39,0%) foi o de admissão à UTI. Para a segunda etapa, a RNM para o total dos municípios foi de 44,3/ 1.000 nascidos vivos. Foram identificadas 154 mortes maternas dentre os registros indicativos de near miss. A análise descritiva apontou como mais freqüentes os critérios graves relativos a infecção, pré-eclâmpsia e hemorragia. A análise por regressão logística resultou em 12 variáveis, entre elas quatro interações significativas. Conclusões: Os diagnósticos e procedimentos relatados no SIH mostraram a gravidade da condição mórbida materna em 66% dos óbitos maternos declarados, apesar das inconsistências entre os diversos sistemas. Para a segunda etapa, conclui-se que, apesar das limitações existentes no SIH, é promissora a perspectiva de utilizá-lo de forma rotineira, mas com esforços no sentido de melhorar a qualidade da AIH / Abstract: Objectives: initially the objective was to identify maternal deaths in the ¿Mortality Information System¿ (SIM), births in the ¿Live Births Information System¿ (SINASC), to obtain the Maternal Mortality Ratios (MMR) and to identify diagnosis and procedures related with the most common criteria of severe maternal morbidity, evaluating the deaths of women living in Brazilian capitals in the ¿Hospital Information System¿ (SIH) in 2002. Sequentially the objective was to identify in SIH all registers from women during pregnancy, delivery and post partum period who had information indicating severe maternal morbidity; to describe the diagnosis and procedures used; to propose a score of maternal morbidity and to identify variables associated to maternal death. Method: A population descriptive study, secondary data analysis. For the first step two vital systems and hospital system for the 26 capitals and the Federal District of Brazil, in 2002, were used. The MMR and basic information on maternal deaths were obtained. Using data available for these deaths, SIM was probabilistically linked with SINASC and after with SIH, using the software ¿Reclink II¿, with a multiple steps blocking strategy. Simple descriptive analysis was then performed. For the second step the main variables were the primary and secondary diagnosis and the requested and performed procedure during hospitalization. Initially there was a selection of registries of women between 10 and 49 years of age, followed by a selection of those presenting at least one criteria indicating severe maternal morbidity (near miss). For the linkages of SIH with SIM and with itself, a three independent steps blockage strategy was established. For data analysis the Near Miss Ratios were calculated and the diagnosis and procedures were described; the multivariate technique of principal components was used and then a logistic regression model was adjusted. Results: 339 maternal deaths were identified in 2002 with an official and adjusted MMR of respectively 46.4 and 64.9 (maternal deaths per 100.000 live births). With the first linkage it was possible to find 46.5% of the maternal deaths and 55.2% with the second one. The most frequent diagnosis was infection (13.9%) and the most frequent procedure was admission to ICU (39.0%). For the second step, the NMR for the total municipalities was 44,3/ 1.000 live births. Among the registries indicating near miss, 154 maternal deaths were identified. The descriptive analysis pointed out as more frequent the severe criteria related to infection, pre-eclampsia and hemorrhage. The analysis with logistic regression resulted in 12 variables, among them four significant interactions. Conclusions: The diagnosis and procedures informed in the SIH showed the severity of maternal morbidity in 66% of the deaths certified as maternal, despite the inconsistencies among the different systems. For the second step, although the existing limitations in the SIH, the perspective of using it routinely is promising, but only with efforts in order to improve the quality of the document which provides information for the registry / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutor em Tocoginecologia

The catastrophic accident of the ferry Herald of Free Enterprise made it clear that the development of accident prevention in the maritime domain must not only rely on negative events but rather on proactive measures.Near-miss reporting is becoming widespread as a proactive tool for accident prevention in various domains. This thesis aims to examine and identify barriers to near-miss reporting through studying the national reporting system INSJÖ and local company specific systems in the Swedish maritime domain.Interviews with representatives from Swedish shipping companies (designated persons responsible for safety work in each company and officers responsible for the reporting at sea) were conducted as a means of data collection. Based on the data two separate analyses were made; one in a naturalistic fashion and one using a framework of barriers and incentives derived from various social technical domains in which near-miss reporting has been institutionalized.The results of the two analyses highlight differences regarding how and with whom information should be shared. The therapeutic factor, to teach and learn from others was emphasized as important by the majority of the interviewees. Further, potential external influences, issues concerning anonymity and the risk of rehearsed benefits of reporting are also made visible. Finally, critique against the accident-ratio models, that introduced the near-miss concept, is presented and it is argued that these models might be too simplistic to explain why accidents occur.It is concluded that, in order to create effective reporting systems and to decrease the risk of creating a disparity between rehearsed benefits and how the system is used in reality, it is important to give the personnel ownership of their own reporting system and the knowledge of how and why to use it. Nevertheless, near-miss reporting might be used as a powerful tool and incentive for proactive work and accident prevention.

Maternal mortality is a global health concern but inequalities in utilization of maternal health care are not clearly understood. Severe morbidity (near-miss) is receiving increased attention due to methodological difficulties in maternal mortality studies. The present thesis seeks to increase understanding of factors that impede utilization of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in Bolivia and Guatemala. Studies I and IV employed qualitative interviews to explore the role of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and the care-seeking behaviour of women who arrived at hospital with a near-miss complication. Studies II–III documented maternal mortality and near-miss morbidity at the hospital level and investigated the influence of socio-demographic factors and antenatal care (ANC) on near-miss upon arrival. The studies identified unfamiliarity with EmOC among TBAs and a lack of collaboration with formal care providers. A perception of being dissociated from the health care system and a mistrust of health care providers was common among near-miss women from disadvantaged social backgrounds. In the Bolivian setting, 187 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births and 50 cases of near-miss per 1000 were recorded. Causes of near-miss differed from those of maternal deaths. Most women with near-miss arrived at hospital in critical condition: severe preeclampsia, complications after childbirth at home and abortions were mostly encountered among them. Lack of ANC, low education, and rural residence were interactively associated with near-miss. ANC reduced socio-demographic differentials for near-miss. Complementing maternal mortality reviews with data on near-miss morbidity increases the understanding of priority needs and quality of maternal health care. Additionally, focusing on near-miss upon arrival was found useful in exploring pre-hospital barriers to EmOC. The findings identified subgroups of women who seemed especially vulnerable to pre-hospital barriers. They also underscored the need for initiatives to reduce the effect of social marginalization and to acknowledge the influential role of formal and informal care providers on the utilization of EmOC. / La mortalidad materna es un tema de inquietud global, sin embargo la comprensión de las desigualdades en la utilización de los servicios de salud materna es limitada. La morbilidad obstétrica severa (near-miss) está recibiendo creciente atención, producto de problemas metodológicos en los estudios de mortalidad materna. El objetivo de la presente tesis es aumentar la comprensión de factores que impiden la utilización de la atención obstétrica de emergencia en Bolivia y Guatemala. Los estudios I y IV usaron metodologías cualitativas en un esfuerzo por explorar el rol de las parteras tradicionales y las estrategias de las mujeres que arriban a los hospitales con una morbilidad obstétrica severa. Los estudios II–III documentaron la mortalidad materna y la morbilidad obstétrica severa en el marco hospitalario e investigaron el impacto de los factores socio-demográficos y el control prenatal en la llegada a los establecimientos de salud con complicaciones severas. Los estudios identificaron la falta de familiaridad con atención obstétrica de emergencia entre las parteras tradicionales y la falta de cooperación con los profesionales de salud formales. La sensación de estar distanciadas del sistema de salud y la desconfianza hacia los profesionales de la salud eran aspectos comunes entre las mujeres de sectores marginales con experiencias de complicaciones severas. En el contexto boliviano, 187 muertes maternas por cada 100,000 nacidos vivos y 50 casos de morbilidad obstétrica severa por cada 1000 fueron registradas. Las causas de la morbilidad obstétrica severa y las muertes maternas se distinguieron. La major parte de las mujeres con morbilidad obstétrica severa llegaron al hospital en condiciones críticas: preeclampsia severa, complicaciones después de partos domiciliarios y abortos eran causas más frecuentes en esta categoría. Combinaciones del bajo nivel de educación con la falta de controles prenatales o la residencia en zonas rurales fueron asociadas con la morbilidad obstétrica severa. El control prenatal redujo diferencias socio-demográficas en lo concerniente a la morbilidad obstétrica severa. La complementación de estudios de mortalidad materna con datos sobre morbilidad obstétrica severa aumenta la comprensión de las prioridades y de la calidad en la atención de la salud materna. Además, centrándose en la morbilidad obstétrica severa a la llegada al establicimiento de salud, ha sido útil para investigar las barreras pre-hospitalarias en relación a la atención de emergencia obstétrica. Los resultados permiten identificar categorías específicas de mujeres que parecen ser especialmente vulnerables a las barreras pre-hospitalarias. Los resultados, también subrayan la necesidad de iniciativas que reduzcan los efectos de la marginalización social, y que reconozcan el importante rol que tanto el personal de salud formal como informal cumplen en la utilización de los servicios de atención obstétrica de emergencia.

Introduction: The severe maternal morbidity and near miss (MMG / NM) study refers to complications related to pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, and, in sequence, brings the discussion about the quality of involved maternal mental health. Objectives: To study the relationship between common mental disorders, adult attachment and maternal postnatal attachment presence and the perceived social support in women who experienced severe maternal morbidity and near miss. Method: Observational, prospective cohort study. It was carried out in two public reference maternity hospitals in Sergipe state. There were 549 participants, divided into two groups, exposed and not exposed to MMG / NM., the Beck inventory for BAI anxiety and the Beck inventory for BDI depression, the Edinburgh EDPS postpartum depression scale, the adult EVA binding scale, the AEAS postnatal attachment scale, the IES impact scale, and the SSQ-6 social support scale, The collection was performed in three distinct periods during 12 months, in sequence mothers and their respective controls. The data were analyzed with the software R version 3.3.2 (R CORE TEAM, 2016). A descriptive statistic was performed with the Mann-Whitney test, chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and multivariate analysis to define possible associations. The significance of differences between groups was estimated (χ2) with level of Significance of 0.05. Results: Women exposed to MMG / NM were more frequently from inland districts, did not work, did not prenatal fallow up, and used alcohol. They were more likely to have anxiety disorders (OR 2.77 p <0.000), depression (OR 10.9 p <0.000), postpartum depression (OR 6.5, p <0.000), and post-traumatic stress disorder (RR 2.76 [95% CI 2.44-3.14]); and 20% of intrusion memory (RR 2.07; 95% CI: 1,89-2.26), The lowest social support (0.11, SD: 0.001, p <0.001), greater attachment style with an anxious adult 16,11% and lower comfort with proximity were observed in women exposed to MMG / NM.(p <0.001), and a lower presence of maternal attachment in the postpartum period 43,90 (<0.001). The women exposed to MMG/NM had statistically significant trend for the presence of symptoms for mental illness in the three collection periods (p <0.001). Conclusions: A situation of severe and near miss maternal morbidity has a negative impact on women's psychological health and affects psychosocial relationships. The results of this study aim to contribute to the implementation of specific protocols and practices, integrating mental health and psychosocial care to implement preventive and treatment actions to improve maternal health. / Introdução: O estudo da morbidade materna grave e near miss (MMG/NM) refere-se a complicações relacionadas à gravidez, parto e puerpério, e traz em sequência a discussão sobre a qualidade da saúde mental das mães acometidas Objetivos: Estudar a relação entre o transtorno mental comum, o tipo de vinculação adulto, a presença da vinculação materna no pós-natal e o suporte social percebido em mulheres que vivenciaram à morbidade materna grave e near miss. Método: Estudo observacional, de coorte prospectivo. Realizado em duas maternidades públicas de referência do estado de Sergipe, com 549 participantes, divididas em dois grupos, de expostas à MMG/NM e não expostas. Tipo de amostragem por conveniência. Foram utilizados questionário sociodemográfico, inventário de Beck para ansiedade BAI e inventário de Beck para depressão BDI, escala de depressão pós-parto de Edinburgh EDPS, escala de vinculação adulto EVA, escala de vinculação pós-natal AEAS, escala de impacto IES, e a escala de suporte social SSQ-6, A coleta foi realizado em três períodos distintos, no total de doze meses. Os dados foram analisados no software R versão 3.3.2 (R CORE TEAM, 2016). Foi realizada uma estatística descritiva, com o teste de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado ou Teste exato de Fisher para as variáveis categóricas e análise multivariada para definição das possíveis associações, A significância das diferenças entre os grupos foi estimada (χ2) com nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Pode-se observar que o maior número de mulheres expostas à MMG/NM era procedente do interior do estado, não trabalhavam (OR: 2,36; IC95%: 1,53-3,62), não fizeram o pré-natal (OR: 10,9; IC95%: 3,28-36,1), e faziam uso de bebida alcoólica (OR: 4,35; IC95%: 2,66-7,11), apresentaram maiores chances de sintomas de ansiedade (OR: 2,77; IC95%: 1,96-3,92), depressão (OR: 10,9; IC95%: 5,83-20,60), depressão pós-parto (OR: 6,5; IC95%: 4,37-9,69) e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático; com 44% de comportamento de esquiva (p<0,001), (RR 2,76; IC95%: 2,44-3,14) e 20% de intrusão (RR 2,07; IC95%: 1,89-2,26]). Foi constatado nas mulheres expostas à MMG/NM a menor quantidade de pessoas e fontes de suporte social SSQ-N (0,11; DP: 0,001; p<0,001; η²=0,151) e menor quantidade de pessoas referente ao suporte familiar SSQ-NF (0,11; DP: 0,001; p<0,001; η²=0,216) com tamanho de efeito mediano, e satisfação do suporte social (0,69; DP: 0,19; p=0,010; η²=0,014) com tamanho de efeito pequeno, maior estilo de vinculação adulto ansioso 16,11% e menor conforto com proximidade 14,50 % (<0,001), e menor vinculação materna no pós-natal 43,90 (<0,001), foi identificou-se a tendência estatisticamente significativa de sintomas para o adoecimento mental nos três períodos de coleta (p<0,001). Ao que refere-se à proporção dos resultados nas três etapas de coleta, as expostas à MMG/NM, apresentaram maior sintomatologia de transtorno mental (<0,001). Conclusão: Constata-se que situação de morbidade materna grave e near miss gera impacto negativo à saúde psicológica da mulher e afeta as relações psicossociais. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo, possam contribuir para a implementação de protocolos e práticas específicas de integralidade do conhecimento no campo da saúde mental e da assistência psicossocial, ações preventivas e de tratamento voltados para a saúde materna.

Introduction: The severe maternal morbidity and near miss (MMG / NM) study refers to complications related to pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, and, in sequence, brings the discussion about the quality of involved maternal mental health. Objectives: To study the relationship between common mental disorders, adult attachment and maternal postnatal attachment presence and the perceived social support in women who experienced severe maternal morbidity and near miss. Method: Observational, prospective cohort study. It was carried out in two public reference maternity hospitals in Sergipe state. There were 549 participants, divided into two groups, exposed and not exposed to MMG / NM., the Beck inventory for BAI anxiety and the Beck inventory for BDI depression, the Edinburgh EDPS postpartum depression scale, the adult EVA binding scale, the AEAS postnatal attachment scale, the IES impact scale, and the SSQ-6 social support scale, The collection was performed in three distinct periods during 12 months, in sequence mothers and their respective controls. The data were analyzed with the software R version 3.3.2 (R CORE TEAM, 2016). A descriptive statistic was performed with the Mann-Whitney test, chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and multivariate analysis to define possible associations. The significance of differences between groups was estimated (χ2) with level of Significance of 0.05. Results: Women exposed to MMG / NM were more frequently from inland districts, did not work, did not prenatal fallow up, and used alcohol. They were more likely to have anxiety disorders (OR 2.77 p <0.000), depression (OR 10.9 p <0.000), postpartum depression (OR 6.5, p <0.000), and post-traumatic stress disorder (RR 2.76 [95% CI 2.44-3.14]); and 20% of intrusion memory (RR 2.07; 95% CI: 1,89-2.26), The lowest social support (0.11, SD: 0.001, p <0.001), greater attachment style with an anxious adult 16,11% and lower comfort with proximity were observed in women exposed to MMG / NM.(p <0.001), and a lower presence of maternal attachment in the postpartum period 43,90 (<0.001). The women exposed to MMG/NM had statistically significant trend for the presence of symptoms for mental illness in the three collection periods (p <0.001). Conclusions: A situation of severe and near miss maternal morbidity has a negative impact on women's psychological health and affects psychosocial relationships. The results of this study aim to contribute to the implementation of specific protocols and practices, integrating mental health and psychosocial care to implement preventive and treatment actions to improve maternal health. / Introdução: O estudo da morbidade materna grave e near miss (MMG/NM) refere-se a complicações relacionadas à gravidez, parto e puerpério, e traz em sequência a discussão sobre a qualidade da saúde mental das mães acometidas Objetivos: Estudar a relação entre o transtorno mental comum, o tipo de vinculação adulto, a presença da vinculação materna no pós-natal e o suporte social percebido em mulheres que vivenciaram à morbidade materna grave e near miss. Método: Estudo observacional, de coorte prospectivo. Realizado em duas maternidades públicas de referência do estado de Sergipe, com 549 participantes, divididas em dois grupos, de expostas à MMG/NM e não expostas. Tipo de amostragem por conveniência. Foram utilizados questionário sociodemográfico, inventário de Beck para ansiedade BAI e inventário de Beck para depressão BDI, escala de depressão pós-parto de Edinburgh EDPS, escala de vinculação adulto EVA, escala de vinculação pós-natal AEAS, escala de impacto IES, e a escala de suporte social SSQ-6, A coleta foi realizado em três períodos distintos, no total de doze meses. Os dados foram analisados no software R versão 3.3.2 (R CORE TEAM, 2016). Foi realizada uma estatística descritiva, com o teste de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado ou Teste exato de Fisher para as variáveis categóricas e análise multivariada para definição das possíveis associações, A significância das diferenças entre os grupos foi estimada (χ2) com nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Pode-se observar que o maior número de mulheres expostas à MMG/NM era procedente do interior do estado, não trabalhavam (OR: 2,36; IC95%: 1,53-3,62), não fizeram o pré-natal (OR: 10,9; IC95%: 3,28-36,1), e faziam uso de bebida alcoólica (OR: 4,35; IC95%: 2,66-7,11), apresentaram maiores chances de sintomas de ansiedade (OR: 2,77; IC95%: 1,96-3,92), depressão (OR: 10,9; IC95%: 5,83-20,60), depressão pós-parto (OR: 6,5; IC95%: 4,37-9,69) e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático; com 44% de comportamento de esquiva (p<0,001), (RR 2,76; IC95%: 2,44-3,14) e 20% de intrusão (RR 2,07; IC95%: 1,89-2,26]). Foi constatado nas mulheres expostas à MMG/NM a menor quantidade de pessoas e fontes de suporte social SSQ-N (0,11; DP: 0,001; p<0,001; η²=0,151) e menor quantidade de pessoas referente ao suporte familiar SSQ-NF (0,11; DP: 0,001; p<0,001; η²=0,216) com tamanho de efeito mediano, e satisfação do suporte social (0,69; DP: 0,19; p=0,010; η²=0,014) com tamanho de efeito pequeno, maior estilo de vinculação adulto ansioso 16,11% e menor conforto com proximidade 14,50 % (<0,001), e menor vinculação materna no pós-natal 43,90 (<0,001), foi identificou-se a tendência estatisticamente significativa de sintomas para o adoecimento mental nos três períodos de coleta (p<0,001). Ao que refere-se à proporção dos resultados nas três etapas de coleta, as expostas à MMG/NM, apresentaram maior sintomatologia de transtorno mental (<0,001). Conclusão: Constata-se que situação de morbidade materna grave e near miss gera impacto negativo à saúde psicológica da mulher e afeta as relações psicossociais. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo, possam contribuir para a implementação de protocolos e práticas específicas de integralidade do conhecimento no campo da saúde mental e da assistência psicossocial, ações preventivas e de tratamento voltados para a saúde materna.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-10-14T19:51:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rai Moreira Rocha.pdf: 1807471 bytes, checksum: c2ea27558ae2146160a4ffdac0c85d1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-14T19:51:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rai Moreira Rocha.pdf: 1807471 bytes, checksum: c2ea27558ae2146160a4ffdac0c85d1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde / Introdução: Trata-se de um estudo sobre as Competências Profissionais do Enfermeiro no Gerenciamento dos Eventos Adversos na UTI Neonatal tendo como problema de pesquisa: Quais competências o enfermeiro deve possuir para gerenciar os eventos adversos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal? A partir disso elencou-se como objetivos:: Mapear as competências do enfermeiro para o gerenciamento dos eventos adversos na UTI Neonatal, descrever as atividades desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros na UTI Neonatal, identificar os eventos adversos ocorridos na UTI Neonatal, correlacionar as atividades desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros na UTI Neonatal relacionadas aos eventos adversos com as competências profissionais. Como método, utilizou-se da pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de caráter descritivo-exploratório tendo como participantes os enfermeiros e residentes da UTI Neonatal do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro. A pesquisa se delineou através de entrevista semi-estruturada e observação não participante. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada pelo software Análise Lexical de Co-ocorrências em Enunciados Simples de um Texto (ALCESTE) e triangulados com os dados das observações não participantes a fim de articular a discussão. Resultados: A partir da análise e da disposição de 5 classes apresentadas pelo software, foram elaboradas 3 categorias temáticas: 1- Ações instrumentais do Enfermeiro na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; 2- O Gerenciamento das Tecnologias utilizadas no Cuidado ao Recém-nascido; 3- A Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal: a influência do ambiente no surgimento dos eventos adversos. A partir dos resultados das entrevistas e dos dados da observação não participante, foram mapeadas 9 competências profissionais para o gerenciamento dos eventos adversos na UTIN. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou a relação multifatorial entre as competências profissionais e o gerenciamento dos eventos adversos na Unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Ao descrever a atuação do enfermeiro, foi possível identificar a diferença entre o que se faz e o como deve ser feito, o que possibilitou avaliar, através das competências, o ponto chave para melhorar o serviço em saúde. / Introduction: This is a study on the Nurse's Professional Skills in the Adverse Event Management in NICU having as research problem: What skills nurses must have to manage the adverse events in Intensive Care Unit Neonatal From that listed the themselves as goals :: Map the skills of nurses for management of adverse events in the NICU, describe the activities performed by nurses in the NICU, identify adverse events in the NICU, correlate the activities performed by nurses in the NICU related adverse events with professional skills. As a method, we used the qualitative research, descriptive and exploratory having as participants, nurses and residents of Neonatal ICU University Hospital Antonio Pedro. The research is outlined through semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation. The data analysis was performed by Lexical Analysis Software Co-occurrences in Utterances a Simple Text (Alceste) and triangulated with data from observations not participants to articulate the discussion. Results: From the analysis and the provision of 5 classes presented by the software, were developed three thematic categories: 1 instrumental Nurses Shares in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; 2. The Management Technologies used in the Care of the Newborn; 3- The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: the influence of the environment in the emergence of events adversos. A from the results of interviews and data from non-participant observation, were mapped 9 professional skills for the management of adverse events in the NICU. Conclusion: The study showed the multifactorial relationship between professional skills and management of adverse events in the neonatal intensive care unit. In describing the work of nurses, it was possible to identify the difference between what is done and how it should be done, which made it possible to evaluate, through the skills, the key point to improve the health service.