This thesis investigates the word formation processes of the neologisms in the Harry Potter books by JK Rowling. The aim is to find the frequencies of these processes and then discuss why the frequency looks this way. By collecting and analysing the neologisms with the help of the classification of Plag (2003) and Ljung (2003), the frequencies of the different formation processes is established. The reasons why the distribution of word formation processes looks this way is then discussed and compared to the background information about the author. The conclusion is that compound is the most frequent word formation of this sample. The arguments why the distribution looks this way could be that the semantic meaning of the Harry Potter words is important and that many of the neologisms are based on humour, mythology and folklore.

This study investigates the language of “citizen sociolinguists,” everyday users of social network sites (SNS) who contribute to the discourses about language on Twitter, Reddit, and Tumblr, platforms with distinctive user demographics and technological affordances. The data were collected through keyword searches for mansplain, whitesplain, richsplain and thinsplain, metapragmatic neologisms which are lexical blends of the verb explain and one of four social categories. Disputes of macro-level ideologies are revealed by users’ creative meaning-making strategies and metapragmatic awareness of micro-level texts and utterances. Making use of the linguistic practices of the SNS, as well as the concisely-compacted semantic and pragmatic meanings of the four splain words, users come to evaluate communicative dynamics between speakers who differ from or relate with others in their experiences of sex, skin color, economic status, and physical form. Drawing on elements of Citizen Sociolinguistics (Rymes & Leone, 2014) with Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 1989) and Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis (Herring, 2004), I question how users make metapragmatic judgements to convey varying meanings of the four focal words, and how the uses of [x]splain and the surrounding discourses illuminate socio-ideological values about language, about its intersection with gender, race, class, and body size, and the authority to speak on topics that are macro-contextually situated in discourses of privilege, power, and inequality. Lastly, I compare the findings across the three SNS platforms to understand how competing discourses differ in relation to each site’s user demographics, technological affordances and limitations, and subsequent linguistic practices.

La presente investigación examina la diacronía y la frecuencia de uso del lenguajeinclusivo en periódicos españoles centrándose en la variación de género neutralmarcada por la vocal 'E' como forma de evitar el masculino genérico y género marcadopor 'O' u 'A'. Adicionalmente se examina la relación entre el uso y la inclinación políticade los diarios y sus lectores. / The present investigation examines the diachrony and frequency of use of inclusivelanguage in Spanish newspapers focusing on the gender neutral variation marked by thevowel 'E' as a means of avoiding the generic masculine and gendered 'O' and 'A'.Additionally the relation between use and political leaning of the newspapers and itsreaders is examined.

The aim of the thesis New German Borrowings in the Czech Language is a confirmation of the importance of language contacts in Czech and German. The work demonstrates that acceptance of German lexical units into Czech language is a productive way of enriching its vocabulary. The use of German borrowings in different kinds of utterances and their frequency analysis show that language speakers are starting to see the position of germanisms in Czech in a neutral way, thus not negatively, as was the case in the past. I deal with the analysis of foreign language lexical units from the integral-adaptation, semantic and frequency point of view. The method of my research is targeted excerption of newspapers, where you can see how the new German borrowings are used more and more in contemporary Czech vocabulary. I focus on productivity of use of different borrowed parts of speech. In addition to the various parts of speech I also describe hybrid composites and deproprial expressions. The amount of the new German borrowings, which are collected in neologism exceptions database, demonstrates that acceptance of German words and word formation elements is an important and productive linguistic process of creating of neologisms.

The present master's thesis investigates noun-based 'multi-word' terms in English and Russian (and to a smaller degree in Czech and German), analyses the most frequent term structures and translation procedures. It draws on relevent sources on terminology and linguistics, presents a comprehensive approach to the notion 'term' and 'neologism', describes procedures for translating lexical units with no standard target language equivalents available, develops a research framework for extracting terms, analyzes the term structure and the translation of terms, with a focus on newly emerging ones, and identifies the most frequent ways of term translation. The sample text is the Council Decision 2009/371/JHA of 6 April 2009 establishing the European Police Office (Europol). Key words: terminology, term creation, translation of EU documents, translation of neologisms, translation from English to Russian, Europol

Resumé Diplomová práce nese název Nové lexikální jevy v politické publicistice a klade si za cíl poukázat na novotvary, které se vyskytují v textech psané publicistiky. Hlavním tématem práce je slovotvorná a sémantická analýza neologismů a uplatňování slovotvorných prostředků, které se podílejí na vzniku nových slov v českém jazyce. Záměrem mé diplomové práce je prezentovat shromážděný lexikální materiál a dokladovat tak dynamiku lexika a kreativitu české slovotvorby. Pomocí představeného materiálu se v práci poukazuje na lexikální slovotvorná paradigmata jako celky, které mohou spoluutvářet mediální obraz konkrétních politiků. Upozorňuje se také na zvýšené užívání některých nových slovotvorných prostředků v oblasti kompozitního novotvoření a na jejich postupné zakotvování v české slovotvorbě. V neposlední řadě práce představuje šíři propriálních motivantů a možnosti jejich spojitelnosti s různými slovotvornými prostředky. Lexikální materiál pro analýzu nových jazykových jevů byl čerpán především ze současné psané publicistiky, neboť její jazyk a styl je velice proměnlivý a dynamický, v porovnání s jinými funkčními styly je mnohem více svázán se společenskými změnami a bezprostředně na ně reaguje. Pro současnou publicistiku je typická rychlá potřeba nových pojmenování, nejčastěji se jako neologismy...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cinthia Aparecida Lemes.pdf: 932617 bytes, checksum: 7bbef9ecc25310364bf9be60d06a3702 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-22 / This present assignment is insert on a Research Line of History and Description of Portuguese Language of the research group of PUC-SP. It has as theme the creation process of the words and the neologisms in Angolan Portuguese based on literary texts from the own country, to know: Luandino Vieira (1963), João Melo (2002), Ondjaki (2002). These writers work on a engaged literature and their stories are connected with social context of the country, telling how people passed through the process of Independence from Portugal (1961 -1975), the period after colonization and the Civil War (1975-2002) and how angolans looked for their national identity and started to build a new story for themselves, this time with no war or power competition. In this assignment, it´s discussed the question of multilingualism in Angola and number of ethnic groups with own languages existing in the country and living together, some pacifically and others not that much. The discussion about this theme is relevant because it tries to identify in which aspects the Angolan Portuguese language has its own marks that differentiate it of Portuguese language from Portugal. Many transformations in Portuguese language of Angola were enabled by the resistance to the culture and language model that, until the Independence, Angolans had received from their colonizing. So, insert words, grammatical structures and/or intonation of national languages to Portuguese language meant to turn more national the imposition of an official language. The fact that Angolans agreed with the official language as a goal to keep peace between ethnic groups had not meant each Angolan could not give typical characteristics to the language, turning it more Angolan. What is seen in this paper are descriptions and reflections mixed to analysis about the Angolan variation. The results of the analysis say that a big part of the derivational process of Angolan language were based in the national language quimbundo, with increase of suffixes and desinences (like plural) from Portuguese language; there was also a large number of neologisms of form incidents / O presente trabalho insere-se na linha de pesquisa de História e Descrição de Língua Portuguesa do grupo de pesquisa da PUCSP. Seu tema são os processos de criação de palavras e os neologismo no português angolano com base em textos literários de escritores do país, a saber: Luandino Vieira (1963), João Melo (2002), Ondjaki (2002). Esses escritores escrevem uma literatura engajada e suas histórias estão atreladas ao contexto social do país narrando como foi para o povo angolano passar pelo processo de independência do jugo de Portugal (1961-1975), pelo período de pós-colonização e pela guerra civil (1975-2002) e como os angolanos fizeram para buscar a sua identidade nacional e começar a construir uma nova história para eles, desta vez sem guerra ou disputa pelo poder. Neste trabalho, discute-se a questão do multilinguismo angolano e a quantidade de etnias com suas línguas que existem no país e convivem, algumas pacificamente, outras nem tanto. A discussão desse tema se mostra relevante porque busca identificar em quais aspectos a língua portuguesa angolana possui marcas próprias que a diferenciam da língua portuguesa de Portugal. Muitas das transformações na língua portuguesa de Angola foram condicionadas pela resistência ao modelo de cultura e de língua que até a independência os angolanos haviam recebido de seu colonizador. Então, inserir palavras, estruturas gramaticais e/ou a entonação das línguas nacionais à língua portuguesa era tornar mais nacional a imposição de uma língua oficial. O fato de os angolanos concordarem com a oficialidade da língua como objetivo de se manter a paz entre as etnias, não queria dizer que cada um não pudesse deixar a língua do seu jeito, mais angolana. O que se vê nesta dissertação são descrições e reflexões mescladas a análise da variante angolana. Os resultados da análise constaram que a grande parte dos processos derivacionais da língua angolana foram baseados na língua nacional quimbundo, havendo acréscimos de sufixos e desinências (como plural) da língua portuguesa; houve também um grande número de ocorrências de neologismos de forma

(in English): This thesis focuses on describing the process of assigning grammatical gender to new words and loanwords in contemporary Spanish using corpus analysis. After introducing the area of study, the second chapter sums up the theoretical foundations of grammatical gender, its definition and function in language, and sets out basic rules for its assigning. The third chapter presents a summary of historical development of the perception of grammatical gender in Spanish, from its roots in Latin to main authors of the 20th century. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the transformation of Latin gender system into Spanish. The fifth chapter sums up basic information about neology, its processes and categorisation. These theoretical foundations are drawn upon in the sixth chapter, the corpus analysis, where the thesis presents the results of the research of a sample of neologisms drawn from Banco de Neologismos and analysed using the corpus Araneum Hispanicum Maius. The thesis focuses on the relationship between the grammatical gender used by speakers using neologisms, and the natural gender, the form of neologisms, the type of neology and the etymological gender of loanwords.

Este trabalho discute os neologismos usados na obra modernista da literatura turca, Tutunamayanlar, de Oğuz Atay (1934-1977). Tais neologismos devem ser entendidos sob o pano de fundo da revolução linguística que teve início na década de 30 na Turquia, e que, em poucos anos, alterou substancialmente a língua turca. O autor faz uma crítica dos excessos dos reformadores turcos através da paródia de neologismos virtuais, não-dicionarizados. Após análise etimológica e morfológica do neologismo, além do cotejo com as duas traduções da obra turca existente, a saber, em holandês e alemão, sugeriremos um neologismo equivalente em português, com base nas técnicas de criação de palavras usadas por tradutores como Haroldo de Campos e Odorico Mendes, além de escritores como Guimarães Rosa. Dentre tais técnicas, demos ênfase à busca da etimologia, preconizada por Campos em suas traduções, como na do Qohélet, e o recurso ao latim e o grego clássico para cunhar palavras, e a diversidade dos neologismos criados por Rosa em suas obras. Os neologismos sugeridos pretendem reproduzir em língua portuguesa um impacto de estranheza semelhante ao causado no leitor turco, ou seja, a força motriz por detrás da criação dos neologismos é o estrangeirismo, que tem como objetivo fazer com que essas palavras atraiam atenção para si. / This thesis deals with the neologisms as used in a modernist work of the Turkish litera-ture, Tutunamayanlar by Oğuz Atay (1934-1977). Such neologisms should be understood with the background of the Turkish Language Revolution that started in the 30\'s in Tur-key, and that, in a matter of a few years, changed substantially the Turkish language. The author criticizes the excesses of the Turkish reformers by using virtual neologisms, not found in any dictionary as a way of parody. After the etymological and morphological analysis of the neologism, not to mention a comparison with the two existing translations so far, namely, Dutch and German, we offer our own suggestion of an equivalent neolo-gism in Portuguese, basing ourselves on the techniques used by translators to coin words, such as Haroldo de Campos and Odorico Mendes, besides writers like Guimarães Rosa. Among such techniques, we gave special emphasis to the etymology of words, as Harol-do de Campos did in his translations, especially in the Qohélet, by resorting to Latin and Ancient Greek to coin new words and also by using Guimarães Rosa as a model for the creation of neologisms. The suggested neologisms aim at reproducing in Portuguese a foreignizing effect similar to the one that the Turkish readers have, i.e., the driving force behind the creation of neologism is foreignization, emphasized by Lawrence Venuti, and which has the purpose of drawing attention to the words themselves.

This work searched reflection about the insertions of Loan Words from English language of Computing area in the Aurélio XXI dictionary. The theoretical model elected for the organization and analysis of the lexical units colected for us considered Guilbert (1975), Biderman (2001), Alves (1994) and Carvalho (1984). So, with teh aim of verify neological stage the lexical units are, as well, criterias for their insertion. After collecting of new words, which appear as portuguese units and as loan words. We have noticed a lack of criterias related to the insertion of units from an specilized area in a general language dictionary, what brings us the question of lexicographic production in Brazil do not count on established criterias and neither a language politics which deserves attention from studious and authorities. In the light of lexicography and lexicology we pointed out some incoherences in the organization of macro and microstructure of the work in study. / Este trabalho procurou refletir a respeito das inserções de empréstimos lingüísticos oriundos da língua inglesa da área da informática no dicionário Aurélio XXI; considerando-se a teoria lexicográfica de Guilbert (1975), Biderman (2001), Alves (1994), Carvalho (1984). Assim, verificou-se que os neologismos, inseridos no Aurélio XXI, não estão bem organizados no que concerne à delimitação de qual estágio neológico as unidades lexicais se encontram, não delimitando critérios para a inserção de vocábulos, que ora se apresentam como unidades já aportuguesadas, ora como estrangeirismos. Há uma falta de critérios relacionados à inserção de unidades pertencentes a uma língua de especialidade em um dicionário de língua geral. Isso nos remete a questão da produção lexicográfica no Brasil não contar com critérios estabelecidos como também não termos uma política do idioma que mereça atenção dos estudiosos e das autoridades. Realizamos também uma análise das fases neológicas em que encontram as unidades lexicais oriundas da língua inglesa pertencente à Informática. / Mestre em Linguística