This Thesis in Military Technology deals with experiences drawn from the forced introduction of Weapons Station 01, 2009. The work aims to identify the experiences regarding the forced procurement of military equipment to see how they can develop normal and fast procurement of equipment. The main conclusions of  this work, is to achieve greater capability and increase the military utility, are:   -          Common objectives and priorities of stakeholders -          Response and joint types shall determine requirements for system -          Ensure an integrated project team also at lower levels -          Engage the integrated logistic support early in the materiel process -          Include Armed Forces staff as early as possible in the testing and validation -          Prioritize work to facilitate the rapid development of decision on use (BOA) -          Provide back up for increased redundancy in the mission area

Orientador: Alviclér Magalhães / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T01:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isler_AnaCristina_M.pdf: 9031624 bytes, checksum: 46ef4af84056b43b2f82f7756c9e1ae7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A degradação forçada ou teste de estresse é uma boa estratégia para demonstrar as rotas de degradação e os produtos formados durante a estocagem do fármaco ou do produto formulado. O principal objetivo desse teste é demonstrar a especificidade dos métodos indicativos de estabilidade. Tratam-se de ensaios que visam desafiar e confirmar a especificidade e seletividade da metodologia analítica empregada na quantificação do princípio ativo presente no medicamento e na manutenção dessas característica ao longo do estudo de estabilidade. É comum o emprego de métodos cromatográficos na indústria farmacêutica para análise de impurezas que trabalham através da co injeção de padrões de referência. Esta é uma tarefa simples quando se tratam de produtos de degradação conhecidos e disponíveis em suas formas puras. Entretanto, quando se trata de um medicamento novo, com perfil de degradação ainda não estabelecido, a técnica de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) pode facilitar essa investigação por sua versatilidade em relação aos meios utilizados nas análises e ao preparo da amostra. Considerando que o meio reacional de degradação de um fármaco deve consistir de uma mistura de compostos, esse trabalho foi realizado na tentativa de elucidar estruturalmente o fármaco Rosuvastatina e seus produtos de degradação em diferentes meios de reação, resolvendo sempre que possível e necessário o problema de sobreposição de sinais, através de espectros bidimensionais e sequências de pulso para detecção seletiva, aumentando a sensibilidade e resolução espectral / Abstract: Forced degradation or stress testing is a good strategy to show the routes of degradation and products formed during storage of the drug or the formulated product. The main objective of this test is to demonstrate the specificity of indicative methods of stability. These are tests that aim to challenge and confirm the specificity and selectivity of the analytical methodology used to quantify the active ingredient present in the product and maintenance of the characteristic along the stability study. It is common to use chromatographic methods in the pharmaceutical industry for the analysis of impurities working through co injection of assay standards. This is a simple task when dealing with known and available degradation products in their pure forms. However, when it comes to a new product with degradation profile is not yet established, the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can facilitate such research for their versatility on the resources used in the analysis and sample preparation. Whereas the reaction medium of degradation of a drug should consist of a mixture of compounds, this work was undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the structural of rosuvastatin drug degradation products in different reaction media, whenever was possible and necessary two-dimensional spectra and pulse sequences with selective detection were used to solve the problem of overlapping signals, increase sensitivity and spectral resolution / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestra em Química

In modern heat transfer, shape and geometric optimisation are new considerations in the evaluation of thermal performance. In this research, we employed constructal theory and design to present three-dimensional theoretical and numerical solutions of conjugate forced convection heat transfer in heat generating devices with cooling channels of different cross-sectional shapes. In recent times, geometric configurations of cooling channel have been found to play an important role in thermal performance. Therefore, an efficient ways of optimally designing these cooling channels shapes is required. Experimentation has been extensively used in the past to understand the behaviour of heat removals from devices. In this research, the shapes of the cooling channels and the configurations of heat-generating devices were analytically and numerically studied to minimise thermal resistance and thus illustrate cooling performance under various design conditions. The cooling channels of five different cross-sectional shapes were studied: Circular, square, rectangular, isosceles right triangular and equilateral triangular. They were uniformly packed and arranged to form larger constructs. The theoretical analysis is presented and developed using the intersection of asymptotes method. This proves the existence of an optimal geometry of parallel channels of different cross-sectional shapes that penetrate and cool a volume with uniformly distributed internal heat generation and heat flux, thus minimising the global thermal resistance. A three-dimensional finite volume-based numerical model was used to analyse the heat transfer characteristics of the cross-sectional shapes of various cooling channels. The numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package recently provided a more cost-effective and less time-consuming means of achieving the same objective. However, in order to achieve optimal design solutions using CFD, the thermal designers have to be well experienced and carry out a number of trial-and-error simulations. Unfortunately, this can not always guarantee an accurate optimal design solution. In this thesis a mathematical optimisation algorithm (a leapfrog optimisation program and DYNAMIC-Q algorithm) coupled with numerical CFD was employed and incorporated into the finite volume solver, –FLUENT, and grid (geometry and mesh) generation package, – GAMBIT to search and identify the optimal design variables at which the system would perform optimally for greater efficiency and better accuracy. The algorithm was also specifically designed to handle constraint problems where the objective and constraint functions were expensive to evaluate. The automated process was applied to different design cases of cooling channels shapes. These cooling channels were embedded in a highly conductive solid and the peak temperature was minimised. The trend and performance of all the cooling channel shapes cases studied were compared analytically and numerically. It was concluded that an optimal design can be achieved with a combination of CFD and mathematical optimisation. Furthermore, a geometric optimisation of cooling channels in the forced convection of a vascularised material (with a localised self-cooling property subjected to a heat flux) was also considered. A square configuration was studied with different porosities. Analytical and numerical solutions were provided. This gradient-based optimisation algorithm coupled with CFD was used to determine numerically the optimal geometry that gave the lowest thermal resistance. This optimiser adequately handled the numerical objective function obtained from numerical simulations of the fluid flow and heat transfer. The numerical results obtained were in good agreement with results obtained in the approximate solutions based on scale analyses at optimal geometry dimensions. The approximate dimensionless global thermal resistance predicted the trend obtained in the numerical results. This shows that there were unique optimal design variables (geometries) for a given applied dimensionless pressure number for fixed porosity. The results also showed that the material property had a significant influence on the performance of the cooling channel. Therefore, when designing the cooling structure of vascularised material, the internal and external geometries of the structure, material properties and pump power requirements would be very important parameters to be considered in achieving efficient and optimal designs for the best performance. Finally, this research investigated a three-dimensional geometric optimisation of conjugate cooling channels in forced convection with an internal heat generation within the solid for an array of cooling channels. Three different flow orientations based on constructal theory were studied numerically- firstly, an array of channels with parallel flow; secondly, an array of channels in which flow of every second row was in a counter direction and finally, an array of channels in which the flow direction in every channel was opposite to that of previous channel. The geometric configurations and flow orientations were optimised in such a way that the peak temperature was minimised subject to the constraint of fixed global volume of solid material. The optimisation algorithm coupled with CFD was also used to determine numerically the optimal geometry that gave the lowest thermal resistance. The use of the optimisation algorithm coupled with the computational fluid dynamics package; render the numerical results more robust with respect to the selection of optimal structure geometries, internal configurations of the flow channels and dimensionless pressure difference. / Thesis (PhD(Eng))--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

Depuis 1996, conflits armés, grand banditisme (coupeurs de route) et razzias ont forcé des centaines de milliers de Centrafricains à migrer, à l’intérieur de leur pays (déplacés internes) ou vers l'étranger proche (réfugiés au Cameroun et au Tchad). Au travers divers courants de la géographie (politique, du développement, des mobilités), ce travail montre que les migrations forcées se construisent au croisement entre les pratiques des migrants et les choix politiques des structures d'encadrement (États, groupes armés, organisations d'aide humanitaire). Il se fonde sur une approche transversale de la migration forcée (du lieu d'origine au retour éventuel) et sur des enquêtes de terrain multi-situées (Centrafrique, Cameroun, Tchad). Une première partie démontre que les violences ne sont pas causées par la faiblesse de l'État centrafricain, mais par les politiques de ses dirigeants. Les populations sont prises pour cible dans des conflits irréguliers pour contrôler l'appareil d'État et par des groupes armés qui pillent les ressources (bétail, récoltes, infrastructures publiques, diamants). Une seconde partie montre que si les insécurités jouent sur l'ampleur, la répartition spatiale et la durée des exils, les migrants orientent leurs cheminements selon leurs habitudes circulatoires. Ils empruntent divers champs de mobilités pour fuir les violences (mobilités agricoles et pastorales, relations villes-campagnes). Une troisième partie met en perspective le rôle de l'aide humanitaire et des politiques d'asile dans la production de l'espace migratoire, autour de deux formes d’accueil : les camps de réfugiés, la dispersion des migrants dans des villes et des villages. / Since 1996, armed conflicts, organized crime (road bandits) and raids have forced hundreds of thousands of Central African Republic people to migrate within their own country (IDPs) or to bordering countries (refugee in Cameroon and Chad). Through various geographical schools (political, development, mobility), this work demonstrate that forced migrations results from both the practices of migrants and the political choices or the supervisory organizations (states, armed groups, humanitarian organizations). It is based on a transversal approach of forced migration (ranging from the starting point of the migrant up to his possible return) and multi-located field surveys (CAR, Cameroon, Chad). The first part shows that violence is not caused by the weakness of the CAR state, but by the policies of its leaders. The populations are targeted in the course or irregular conflicts aimed at controlling the political machinery and by armed groups plundering ressources (livestock, crops, public infrastructure, diamonds). The second part shows that if insecurities influence the extent, the spatial distribution and the duration of exiles, migrants direct their paths according to their regular circulations. They use various fields of mobility to escape violence (agricultural and pastoral mobility, urban-rural relationship). A third part put sinto perspective the role of humanitarian aid and asylum policies in the production of the migratory space (refugee, camps, dispersion of migrants).

Theresienstadt gehört zu den bekanntesten Haftstätten des „Dritten Reiches“. Der Name steht als Chiffre für die nationalsozialistische Segregation, Verfolgung und Ermordung der Juden. Doch hinter dem plakativ gebrauchten Terminus verschwinden vielfach die Geschichte und der historische Ort. Bis heute existiert keine den neuesten Forschungsstand rezipierende Gesamtdarstellung. Nicht zuletzt aus diesem Grund wurde 2012 die umfangreiche Arbeit von H.G. Adler aus dem Jahr 1955 noch einmal aufgelegt. Adler gehörte als ehemaliger Insasse zu den direkt Betroffenen. Von dessen Studie setzt sich Wolfgang Benz verständnisvoll, doch pointiert ab. Unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur gelingt ihm ein ausgewogener Blick auf die Gemeinschaft der Inhaftierten, die als „Zwangsgemeinschaft“ auch im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung Adlers gestanden hatte. Benz’ Darstellung erweist sich so auch als Zwiegespräch mit dem wirkmächtigen Vorläufer.

The study was conducted in an information system according to the definition of a worksystem, in a swedish niche bank. Where the effects of the current pandemic and its consequences regarding digital transformation and digital resilience have been investigated.These two have previously been studied, but received increased attention during the outbreak, since digitization, adaptation and innovation now are considered of high importance for survival. All these are found in the concepts of digital transformation and digital resilience.  A qualitative case study with an abductive approach was conducted to examine previous topics where several interviews took place with selected employees from different areas of expertise. The results have shown that many changes during the pandemic are of high importance to survive, now a digital focus and innovations needs to be applied and this way of thinking will continue long after the pandemic. Nevertheless, the company investigated has not yet implemented any major changes, even though awareness of these has increased and opened up for discussion regarding changes in the future. As many new opportunities arise, these should have been used to improve many aspects of the business, but instead development of internal processes improved the most. One reason for this is the obligation to work remotely because it is required during these circumstances. But there is also potentialfor the development of the business regarding customers not only internally. Because all the changes companies identify should also affect the customers, target groups and markets. / Studien har genomförts på ett informationssystem utefter definitionen av arbetssystem i en svensk nischbank. Där har rådande pandemis effekter undersökts i dess konsekvenser gällande digital transformation och digital motståndskraft. Dessa två är något som tidigare studerats inom informatik, men fått ökad uppmärksamhet i och med Covid-19 eftersom digitalisering, anpassning, återhämtning och nya digital innovationer anses som ett måste för att går stärkt ur eller överleva pandemin. Alla dessa måsten återfinns i begreppen digital transformation och digital motståndskraft. Undersökningen har tillämpat en kvalitativ fallstudie med abduktiv ansats för att undersöka detta, där intervjuer har genomförts med nyckelpersoner från olika områden inom arbetssystemet. Resultatet har visat på att många förändringar har uppmärksammats av pandemin, att ett digitalt fokus och innovationer behöver tillämpas och detta tankesätt kommer företaget föra med sig efter pandemin. Det har trots detta inte genomfört några större förändringar ännu även om medvetenheten har ökat och en diskussion har öppnats. Eftersom det tillkommit nya möjligheter borde dessa nyttjats inom flera delar och områden, men detsom varit i fokus är främst utvecklingen av interna processer, det vill säga verksamheten. Detta för att kunna bedriva arbete på distans som varit ett krav i dessa omständigheter. Därmed finns det potential att även utveckla affären mer framöver eftersom alla förändringar som företag upplever, borde också påverka kunderna, målgrupper och marknader.

Even with clear advantages to using internet based survey research, there are still some uncertainties to which survey methods are most conducive to an online platform. Most survey method literature, whether focusing on online, telephone, or in-person formats, tend to observe little to no differences between using various survey modes and survey results. Despite this, there is little research focused on the interaction effect between survey formatting, in terms of design and framing, and public opinion on social issues, specifically child immigration policies - a recent topic of popular debate. This paper examines an anomalous result found within the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES) public opinion immigration question focusing on a DACA-related policy, where support was evenly split on the typically highly favored policy. To decipher the unprecedented result, an experimental survey design was conducted via Qualtrics by comparing various survey formats (single-style, forced choice, Likert scale) and inclusionary policy details to the original CCES “select all that apply” matrix style. By comparing the experimental polls, the results indicated that the “select all that apply” matrix again produced anomalous results, while the various other methods produced a breakdown similar to typical DACA-related polling data. These findings have necessary implications for future survey designs and those examining public opinion on child immigration policies.

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This thesis deals with the problems of wounding of low potential transferred from steam turbine condenser. First, in the theoretical part variations of steam condenser design are described. Then there is a description of variations of cooling cycles and possibilities of their operation range. In second part of the thesis there are two common cooler options chosen. Those are wet cooling tower with natural draft and dry chiller with forced draft. Two types of cooling liquid are chosen to be used for dry cooling. These are water and the other one is 50 % mixture of water and propylene glycol. Based on the calculation results of both cooling cycle variations appropriate pumps are chosen, fan for forced convection respectively. Parts of the thesis are also projection drawings for both calculated variations.