Les enfants présentant un niveau élevé d’agressivité physique sont davantage à risque de commettre des actes criminels à l’âge adulte. Ces enfants sont également plus à risque de consommer des substances psychoactives au cours de leur adolescence. Les études portant sur le lien entre la consommation de substances psychoactives et la criminalité arrivent à des conclusions différentes, dépendamment des substances à l’étude et des comportements criminels ciblés. Un lien positif a été démontré entre la consommation chronique d’alcool et la perpétration d’actes criminels contre la personne et contre la propriété, tandis que la consommation de cannabis a été associée positivement aux actes criminels contre la propriété et négativement aux crimes contre la personne. La présente étude visait à tester l’hypothèse que l’agressivité physique manifestée à l’enfance est associée à une augmentation du nombre de charges criminelles durant l’âge adulte et que cette association est spécifique au type de criminalité et modérée différemment par la consommation d’alcool et de cannabis durant l’adolescence. À cette fin, 887 participants de sexe masculin provenant de milieu défavorisé ont été suivis de 6 à 25 ans. Les analyses de régressions logistiques multinomiales indiquent que les individus cheminant sur une trajectoire modérée ou élevée d’agressivité physique durant l’enfance sont plus à risque de commettre des actes criminels. Cette association reste significative après avoir contrôlé pour l’adversité familiale et de la consommation de substances psychoactives. Les hypothèses des effets modérateurs de la consommation d’alcool et de cannabis sont infirmées. Toutefois, des effets principaux de la consommation d’alcool sur les crimes contre la personne et de la consommation de cannabis sur les crimes contre la propriété sont observés. Les implications de ces résultats sont discutées. / Individuals exhibiting high levels of physical aggression during childhood are more at risk of criminal behaviors during adulthood regardless of the presence of several risk factors. Aggressive children are also more at risk of using psychoactive substances during adolescence. Studies of the relationship between substance use and crime have provided different conclusions, depending on the substance under consideration and depending on the category of crime. Alcohol consumption has been positively associated with crimes, both against people and against property. Cannabis consumption has been associated positively with crime against property and negatively with crime against people. This present study aimed at investigating the hypothesis that physical aggression manifested in childhood is associated with an increase in criminal charges during adulthood and that association is specific to the type of crime and moderated differentially by alcohol and cannabis use. To this end, 887 male participants from lower socioeconomic status were followed from age 6 to age 25. Multinomial logistic regressions indicate that individuals belonging to a moderate or a high trajectory of physical aggression during childhood are more likely to commit crimes later in adulthood. This association remains significant after control of family adversity and drug use. Alcohol and cannabis use during adolescence has no effect on this association. However, main effects of alcohol use on crimes against person and cannabis use on crimes against property are observed. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Diploma thesis "Crime in Czech media: Image of crime in Mladá fronta Dnes and Právo newspapers" tries to map way and development of crime presentation in print media in the years of 1996 and 2006, using a content analysis. In the initial, theoretical part, there are the basic hypothesis explained, a description of crime from the sociological perspective and a description of crime history in former Czechoslovakia and in the Czech Republic from 80's of the 20th century until the present time. Further, there is an explanation of relevant chapters from media studies. The pracical part consists of a description of the research method and the portrayal of the research process. It continues with the content analysis itself and the evaluation of collected data. The data are presented in percentage rates and displayed in charts. Acquired rates have been compared with each other and have been searched for further relations amongst them. In the conclusion there is an overall summary of the research findings and their evaluation concerning the basic hypothesis.

Thesis elaborates on Social and pedagogical help to youth at risk family environment. It is based on practical and professional experiences of a curator for children and youth, knowledge gained by studying social pedagogy and literature. It deals with the family environment, its functionality, educational family principles and focuses on the social and pedagogical help to youth people with problematic behavior. Thesis also deals with possibilities of cooperations between school and family, educational centers of care, social- legal protection of children and constitutional facilities. Quotes from the study of literature are supplemented by many years of experiences of a curator for children and youth, which encounters with clients with behavioral problems every day. The point of the thesis is to examine the influence of a family in social and pedagogical development and youth at risk family environments from the perspective of a social worker for children and youth.

The thesis deals with one of the most famous sources of citychronography that were being created in Bohemia in the 16th and early 17th century. The most competent and prolific literary author of Dačický's Paměti was Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov - a very controversial figure of the KutnáHora society before the Battle of the White Mountain. Beside introducing Dačický's personality and his own experience with the judiciary of the times, the thesis goes briefly into the history of Kutná Hora in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times and describes the city administration and the typical course of legal proceedings as it went before the municipal court. Paměti reflect the diverse crime of the time: the thesis focuses mainly on killing - special attention is paid to the agreements on the head (smlouvy o hlavu), female crimes or suicides - further affrays, duels, slanders and questioning of somebody's impeccability, frauds, thefts and robberies. Keywords Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov, the law, criminality, early modern period, Kutná Hora, city chronicle

1 Abstrakt Diploma thesis "Consequences of low unemployment for social work in the Rychnov nad Kneznou region" concerns about negative consequences of low unemployment on the citizens of the Rychnov nad Kneznou region, especially about impact on traffic and social infrastructure and criminality. The first chapter is given to unemployment overall and to statistics of unemployment in the Czech Republic. The second one brings statistic view of demography and regional unemployment in Rychnov nad Kneznou. The third chapter is focused on foreigners and their statistics in terms of the Czech Republic and the Rychnov nad Kneznou region. In the fourth chapter are described particular negative results caused by low unemployment in this region. The last final chapter contains the practical part where is done examination of citizens' opinions in three chosen microregions about this matters. This examination was done by survey and its result is statement that citizens in the center of happening does not think the situation is as bad as the citizens in other two microregions (which are quite isolated from the core of issues by distance) think it is.

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No description available.

La facilité de communication et de télécommunication a pour corollaire l'accroissement de la criminalité et plus particulièrement de la criminalité internationale. On peut se poser la question de savoir si le droit camerounais répond aux exigences de la mondialisation en matière de lutte contre la criminalité internationale. Le constat peut en premier lieu se décliner en un sentiment de satisfaction en ce qui concerne les normes internes de lutte contre la criminalité, qui ont une incidence sur la sphère internationale. Ensuite, il est décevant en ce qui concerne l'intégration des normes d'incrimination des infractions internationales par nature et des modalités de collaboration avec les juridictions pénales internationales, d'où la nécessité de l'amélioration de la législation pénale camerounaise. / The development of communication and telecommunication has as a corollary the increase in crimes and in particular international crimes. The question may there for be raised whether Cameroonian penal law responses to the exigencies of the world in the fight against international criminality. A close examination of the above question reveals that at first sight, it seems satisfactory as regards internal norms for fight against crime, which in certain circumstances have an incident on the international atmosphere. On the other sight, it is not satisfactory because international offences by their nature have been simply ignored in Cameroonian criminal law. The state of Cameroon is not in the mode to cooperate with this jurisdiction. There is the need for reforms to ameliorate the penal legislation of the country.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Silva Mariano.pdf: 1588021 bytes, checksum: 633fc3c3eec03b10da8018ca5d704103 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-06 / The present paper aims at to supply empiric evidences of the impact of the variables socioeconomics in the level of crimes against the patrimony (crimes against property of many individuals and corporations) in the cities of the State of São Paulo for the year of 2000. For so much an analysis is accomplished on the economical literature of the crime, based on Becker (1968) and Ehrlich (1973). This paper analysis, still, several studies accomplished in Brazil concerning the problem of the criminality, pointing the effects of the variations of the variables socioeconomics in the level of criminality of several types, among them, the crimes against the patrimony, objective of this paper. Of this it sorts things out, search to revise the several authors' contributions that study the problem of the criminality and empiric results that collaborate in the analysis of the determinant of the criminality for the several municipal districts of the State of São Paulo to appear. Through an analysis econometric adopting the Method of Ordinary Square Minimal (MQO) this work analyzed through some varied the behavior of the determinant of the criminality. The obtained results are suitable with the literature base of the economy of the crime and it points that the variables socioeconomics can explain the variation partly in the levels of crimes against the patrimony in the studied municipal districts / O presente trabalho objetiva fornecer evidências empíricas do impacto das variáveis socioeconômicas no nível de crimes contra o patrimônio (crimes praticados contra inúmeros bens patrimoniais de pessoas físicas e jurídicas) nas cidades do Estado de São Paulo para o ano de 2000. Para tanto é realizado uma análise sobre a literatura econômica do crime, baseada em Becker (1968) e Ehrlich (1973). Este trabalho analisa, ainda, diversos estudos realizados no Brasil acerca do problema da criminalidade, apontando os efeitos das variações das variáveis socioeconômicas no nível de criminalidade de diversos tipos, entre elas, os crimes contra o patrimônio, objetivo deste trabalho. Desta maneira, busca-se revisar as contribuições de diversos autores que estudam o problema da criminalidade e apontar resultados empíricos que colaborem na análise dos determinantes desta para os diversos municípios do Estado de São Paulo. Por meio de uma análise econométrica que adota o Método de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) este trabalho analisou, através de algumas variáveis o comportamento dos determinantes da criminalidade. Os resultados obtidos são condizentes com a literatura base da economia do crime e aponta que as variáveis socioeconômicas podem explicar em parte a variação nos níveis de crimes contra o patrimônio nos municípios estudados