<p>Abstract</p><p>In recent years funding aid operations has dramatically increased, along with the concern about the real impact of its initiatives. Despite considerable amount of money have been invested world widely and a great number of projects already implemented changes have been considered inconsistent. As a result, major donors are pressuring Non governmental organizations (NGO) to evidence their achievements and legitimate their cause. There are several factors which distinguish the NGO as unique within project management environments, such as the social accountability claimed and the nature of the impact aimed. Therefore, traditional project management practices might not be suitable in the case of NGO’s project. This study analysed project methods most applied for NGO’s project and discussed about it accountability challenges related to project management. Willing to further understand how in practice NGO managers are dealing with those challenges, a case study was developed with a NGO that works with environmental issues. As a result, it was evidenced that practical methodologies are applied to embrace the organization own needs. It was apparent that project management methods were adapted to the institutional purpose, even though adjustments might not be completely in accordance with internal procedures. Project management tools are assumed as a semi structure basis and can be adjusted if the work is justified. A flexible approach relies on the trust and expertise of the organization staff. As a conclusion, it was evidenced that NGO’s projects carry particular aspects and expectations over project accountability and management methodologies must be adapted and complementary methodological approaches are being developed.</p>

<p><strong>Aim:</strong> This paper aims to produce a serviced office concept adjusted to Statens fastighetsverk. The concept will make SFV:s properties more attractive for renting.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Information has been collected from interviews with 13 different serviced office companies, one serviced office agent and eleven government authorities. Also litterateur, reports and internet have been used in gathering information.</p><p>I will use following questions:</p><p>¨      How is the serviced office concept designed?</p><p>¨      Which customer segment should SFV direct to and what need does the segment have?</p><p>¨      How shall a marketing plan look like for the concept?</p><p>¨      How should a concept designed for SFV look like?</p><p> </p><p><strong>Result & Conclusions: </strong>Serviced office space is a company that letting functional workspace with access to shared facilities e.g. reception, office machines, internet, phone and more. Serviced offices have one distinguishing feature, very flexible let agreements. In this paper my conclusion is that government authorities are a suitable customer for suggested concept, especially government authorities with head quarters outside the Stockholm region. They have to be present in Stockholm with either employees that perform work from distant and have the need of coordinated workspace or commute workers that have the need of mobile workspace and meeting rooms. SFV can meet this need with suggested concept and to simplify I named the concept Myndighetscentret. The concept is developed on the basis of to the needs of government authorities and it’s divided in two parts, one part with conference and one with letting of workspace. The workspace area has different types of workstation to match the different needs of the customer.</p><p>¨      Mobile workspace suited for customers with temporary need of workspace.</p><p>¨      Cell office of different sizes suited for customers with permanently need of workspace.</p><p>I believe that governmental authorities can benefit from this concept and be seemed as innovative thinking of SFV and a will of develop their property. I also believe SFV:s properties with many cell offices are suited to this concept because of the secrecy between governmental authorities.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Suggestions for future research</strong>: It would be interesting to do a quantitative research of the governmental authorities’ exact needs and how big it is. Also research Swedish serviced office market and the future of it would be interesting.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Contribution of the thesis: </strong>In this report I have shown that governmental authorities in Sweden have a need for variant types of workspace in Stockholm and developed a concept for SFV to meet this need.</p>

Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Recognizing that over the past decade transnational environmental activism focusing on climate change has radicalized in public tactics and discourse, this project employs a mechanism-process approach to analyze and explain processes of tactical and discursive radicalization within the global climate justice movement(s) over time. As global activists within this movement construct and pursue public, as well as covert, campaigns directed at states, international institutions, corporations, the media and society at large, it asks why, how and to what effect specific sectors of the broader movement have radicalized from the period 2006-2010. Utilizing longitudinal quantitative protest event and political claims analysis and ethnographic field work and participant action research, it aims to provide a descriptive and comparative account of tactical and discursive variations at international climate change protests situated within the context of a broader cycle of transnational global justice contention.

<p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <p align="left">The Social Capital approach to development is based on the premise that both cognitive and structural aspects of a given society determine the level of development performance. It is argued that norms of trust and reciprocity, networks, and mutual aid govern interaction among people, hold them together, facilitate opportunities to manage common property and pursue common goals, and ultimately contribute to development by facilitating their cooperation and collective action. In this thesis I explore the relationship between social capital and development by analysing the performance of household wellbeing in a given community. Two dominant views on social capital and the outcomes of development performance are currently in prominence in the development discourse. This debate centres on whether social capital is a sufficient cause on its own or whether it needs intermediary actors. The social capital theory argues that the development performance of a particular community can be explained directly by the prevailing level of social capital, and that the underlying levels of trust, social norms and networks are sufficient to explain development. On the other hand, the school of thought that supports the need for intermediary actors argues that social capital is unable to influence development performance at higher levels. If a larger impact and a more precise outcome are expected, intermediary actors who facilitate interest formation, aggregation and representation are necessary. Without them, social capital remains largely inactive and dormant. In exploring the possible link between the two variables, this thesis supports the second premises, introducing the notion of intermediary actors that might activate the stock of social capital and its performance on household wellbeing. The need to explore the relationship between the two variables demanded empirical research. The research was conducted in the rural villages of Oromia regional State of Ethiopia. Based on the empirical evidence, the relationship between the stock of social capital and performance in household wellbeing is generally positive. A large stock of social capital is generally accompanied by a higher level of performance in household wellbeing. However, I argue that social capital is only truly social when activated by an intermediary development actor. Failing this, though it contributes significantly to village solidarity and unity, social capital remains inactive and dormant. Therefore, the general conclusion of this thesis is that social capital matters, but its utilisation by intermediary agencies matters more.</p> </font></font></p>

<p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <p align="left">The Social Capital approach to development is based on the premise that both cognitive and structural aspects of a given society determine the level of development performance. It is argued that norms of trust and reciprocity, networks, and mutual aid govern interaction among people, hold them together, facilitate opportunities to manage common property and pursue common goals, and ultimately contribute to development by facilitating their cooperation and collective action. In this thesis I explore the relationship between social capital and development by analysing the performance of household wellbeing in a given community. Two dominant views on social capital and the outcomes of development performance are currently in prominence in the development discourse. This debate centres on whether social capital is a sufficient cause on its own or whether it needs intermediary actors.</p> </font></font></p>

This dissertation extends the literature on the crowd-out theory to international nonprofits based in the United States. The dissertation measures the simultaneous impact of government grants on private contributions and fundraising activities of INGOs. Understanding the relationship of the major players (government, donors and nonprofit managers) in revenue collection of INGOs is important in understanding international charity and its implications. Six major sub-categories of international organizations have been identified for this research. These are based on a review of the literature on international organizations and those already coded as international according to the National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE). An overview of the INGO sub-categories, their description and coding can be seen in table A5 in appendix A. The major sub-categories include (1) International, Foreign Affairs and National Security (ifans), (2) Promotion of International Understanding (piu), (3) International Development (id), (4) International Peace and Security (ips), (5) International Human Rights (ihr), and (6) International, Foreign Affairs and National Security N.E.C. (ifansNEC). We will employ a panel dataset of INGOs between the years 1998 and 2003 to test for crowding-out effect of government grants on private contributions and fundraising activities. We have a total of 2,169 INGOs in our data set and a total of 6,239 observations.

The aim of this study is to analyze how problems are represented within SOU 2008:27. Further more, the aim is to analyze how the new subject plan for history can bee seen as a product of this document. The method used, and the theoretical frame of the study, is based on Carol Lee Bacchi’s ”what´s the problem represented to be?” approach, which basic principle is that policies are filled with representations of problems and that these representations need to be examined. These problem representations are then themselves subject for scrutiny, the second step being an analysis of the texts presumptions and assumptions concerning view of man and perception of knowledge.   The results show, among other things, that a problem representations can be found in the SOU; the school system is too vague and unclear. This can be broken down to four concrete problems; the schools lack of clarity, the schools uniformity, the schools abundance of choices and the educations lack of preparation for societal partake. The view of man is an idea of the working citizen and perception of knowledge mainly being securing students employability.   The subject plan in history is a product of the SOU in several ways. The proposed solutions for the schools lack of clarity are implemented, which results in a more detailed control of the teachers. The problem with the high schools uniformity is also solved by the fact that a shorter course is given to students attending a “practical program” thus dividing the high school.

Despite the remarkable success of microfinance programs in poverty alleviation, empowering the clients of these programs has proven elusive in many cases. Social capital is a commonly missing, or at least misused, asset within microfinance programs, which often leads to this outcome. Creating and fostering social capital will have a positive influence on empowering microfinance clients. The values espoused by certain Christian theologies can have a considerably positive impact on the creation and fostering of social capital. A Christian-oriented social capital also has the potential to alleviate the ills and correct the failures of a microfinance program’s intent to empower clients. This thesis argues that the values and structure of certain Christian theologies and practices create a type of social capital that increases the likelihood of Christian-based microfinance programs empowering their clients.

Using a qualitative multiple case study methodology, this study explores the relationship between government funding and INGO autonomy in three INGOs through resource dependence and tool choice frameworks. Adapting Verhoest, Peters et al.'s (2004) conceptualization of organizational autonomy as the extent of an organization's decision making capacity in matters concerning agency operations and human resource and financial management; this research regards the authors second definition of financial, structural, legal, and interventional constraints not as types of autonomy per se, but as the mechanisms through which INGOs' actual use of their decision making competencies is constrained. The findings in this research suggest that relative to other funding sources, government funding disproportionately impacts INGOs' operational and managerial autonomy. This is largely accomplished through various ex ante and ex post constraints such as, rules and regulations on inputs allocation and use, performance controls and evaluation requirements attached to government funding. This research also finds that the tool of choice used by government to finance INGO activities also steer, direct and influence INGO grantees' decisions thus positioning INGOs to incorporate government policy interests, preferences and priorities. However, INGOs can exercise their autonomy through various strategies ranging from program design, contract negotiation, and participation in advisory groups.