The purpose of this essay is to explore the significance for former drug addicts who, during their treatment against drug abuse, have had a therapist with a drug addiction in his or her past. A qualitative case study has been used as method in which four former drug users have been interviewed. We have compiled the results based on five key themes in order to get a comprehensive picture of the relevance of common experiences regarding drug abuse, based on former addicts’ experiences. This has been done in connection with a review of different theoretical perspectives that we have found relevant to the investigation. Our findings have then been compared with previous research in the field. We have, in our investigation, come to the conclusion that the therapist’s and the drug addict’s mutual experience of drug abuse regarding drug addiction treatment, is that it is not important. However, there are aspects concerning the relation between drug users and their therapists in which the mutual experience is important.

Opioid addiction is a physical, mental, and social issue. The insidious habits and behaviors acquired while living an addictive lifestyle are more powerful than human comprehension, and the training required to release these strongholds are extreme to say the least. Capturing the lived experiences of this process is needed to increase understanding of the development that leads to transformation from active addict to addict in recovery. This phenomenological research study on the treatment experience of opioid addicts used a qualitative approach to gain understanding of this phenomenon. For this study, 15 research participants were selected. Their ages ranged from 21 to 30-years-old and they all successfully completed an adult substance abuse treatment program. All participants must have been in active recovery for a minimum of one year. The central question for this study is: what are the intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts opioid addicts are presented with during their treatment process? By means of conducting and analyzing interview questions and utilizing the conflict resolution theories of human motivation, social identity theory, coordinated management of meaning theory, and relative deprivation theory, this study revealed that the overall essence of the treatment experience is the journey of identity transformation from active addict to addict in recovery through conflict management. The need to manage conflict in five specific areas was uncovered. They include identity formation, stigma, interpersonal relationships, group structure, and conflict styles. The participants’ shared experiences provide insight into identifying conflicts that need to be managed and resolved so recovery is achieved and sustained.

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The drug treatment staff attitude towards needle exchange is what investigates in this study. The aim of this study is to see what’s affecting the standpoints in the needle exchange issue and also to investigate if the needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy. The study has a qualitative approach and it’s based on eight semi-structured interviews with drug treatment staff. To analyze the empirical material we’ve used Berger and Luckmanns social construction theory, the theoretical concept profession socialization and the four ethical principles: autonomy principle, goodness maximization principle, harm minimization principle and the principle of justice. The result of this study shows that drug treatment staffs are negative to needle exchange efficacy. They don’t believe that needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy which strives for a drug free society. The drug treatment staffs are worried about that harm reduction interventions, such as needle exchange, will lead to a liberalized drug policy and that drug use will be legitimized. They fear that the drug policy will be weakened with harm reduction. The results illustrate that there are numerous factors that influence staff attitudes towards needle exchange, these are profession socialization, workplace, organization, context, the current drug policy as well as knowledgeable of the needle exchange. Keywords: Needle exchange, Injection drug users, Drug treatment staff, Harm reduction and Swedish drug policy.

<p>The drug treatment staff attitude towards needle exchange is what investigates in this study. The aim of this study is to see what’s affecting the standpoints in the needle exchange issue and also to investigate if the needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy. The study has a qualitative approach and it’s based on eight semi-structured interviews with drug treatment staff. To analyze the empirical material we’ve used Berger and Luckmanns social construction theory, the theoretical concept profession socialization and the four ethical principles: autonomy principle, goodness maximization principle, harm minimization principle and the principle of justice.</p><p>The result of this study shows that drug treatment staffs are negative to needle exchange efficacy. They don’t believe that needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy which strives for a drug free society. The drug treatment staffs are worried about that harm reduction interventions, such as needle exchange, will lead to a liberalized drug policy and that drug use will be legitimized. They fear that the drug policy will be weakened with harm reduction. The results illustrate that there are numerous factors that influence staff attitudes towards needle exchange, these are profession socialization, workplace, organization, context, the current drug policy as well as knowledgeable of the needle exchange.</p><p>Keywords: Needle exchange, Injection drug users, Drug treatment staff, Harm reduction and Swedish drug policy.</p>

Darbe nagrinėjama alkoholio vartojimo problemų turinčių asmenų gyvenimo kokybės kitimas atsižvelgiant į tai, kokius gydimo metodus jie pasirenka šiai problemai spręsti. Didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas AA grupių įtakai gyvenimo kokybei ir jos kitimui. Ši problematika Lietuvoje mažai tyrinėta, tačiau dėl alkoholio vartojimo masto Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje yra pakankamai aktuali. Darbe buvo iškeltas tikslas ištirti AA grupių įtaką alkoholio vartojimo problemų turinčių asmenų gyvenimo kokybės kitimui. Darbo tikslui pasiekti analizuota alkoholio vartojimo problemų turinčių asmenų lankiusių ir nelankiusių anoniminių alkoholikų grupes gyvenimo kokybė, jos kitimas ir vertybių bei gydymo metodo įtaka jai. Manoma, kad alkoholio vartojimo problemų turinčių asmenų, lankiusių anoniminių alkoholikų grupes, gyvenimo kokybė pagerėjo labiau, palyginus su tais kurie tų grupių nelankė arba buvo viena-du kartus ir daugiau nelankė. Darbo tikslui pasiekti naudota PSO gyvenimo kokybės klausimynas (WHOQOL-BREF; angl. The World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref, 1996), gyvenimo vertybių įvertinimas pagal Goštautą A, Javtoką Z, Žagminą K. (2001) ir gydymo metodo įvertinimas sudarytas pačios darbo autorės. Tyrime dalyvavo aliejų lyčių, nuo 18 iki 69 m. amžiaus, įvairios šeiminės, užimtumo, profesinės padėties ir išsilavinimo, šiuo metu besigydantys lankydami AA grupę, Minesotos programą ir medikamentiniu gydymusi, asmenys. Tyrimas parodė, kad asmenų, nepriklausomai nuo lyties, kurie turi problemų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This Paper deals with changing quality of life of the people with alcohol problems, depending on what treatment methods they choose to tackle this problem. The main focus is made on the impact of AA groups to quality of life and the changes thereof. This problem has been little researched in Lithuania; however, due to the consumed alcohol level in Lithuania and world widely this issue is sufficiently relevant. The objective of the Paper is to examine the impact of AA groups to the change of the quality of life of people who have alcohol-consuming problems. For the purpose of the Objective the quality of life and of the people with alcohol-consuming problems who attended AA groups and who not attended AA groups and the change of their quality of life were analysed, as well as the values and the impact of treatment methods on it were explored. It is estimated that the quality of life of the people with alcohol-consuming problems, who attended alcoholics anonymous groups, improved more in comparison with those who did not attend these groups or those visited them once or twice and did not attend them constantly. In order to reveal the Objective of the Paper, the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF; in Eng. The World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref, 1996), the evaluation of the life values according to Goštautas A, Javtokas Z, Žagminas K. (2001) and the evaluation of treatment method, composed by the author herself, were used. The research included persons... [to full text]

SammanfattningKvinnor inom missbruksvården kan beskrivas som en speciellt utsatt grupp, delsutifrån samhällets normer och dels utifrån behandlingsmetoderna som än idag oftaär uppbyggda utifrån mäns behov. Studiens övergripande syfte var att undersökahur samhällets attityder och normer påverkar kvinnor med missbruksproblematik,samt hur dessa kvinnor har upplevt behandlingen och vården. Studien baseras påsex kvalitativa intervjuer och strävade efter den subjektiva beskrivningen av dessakvinnors verklighet. Intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av innehållsanalys isyfte att få en djupare förståelse för kvinnornas egna berättelser. Teorier omgenus, makt och samhällets normer har legat till grund för analys av empirin.Resultatet visade att kvinnor med missbruksproblematik upplever mycket känslorav skuld och skam. När det gäller behandlingsform råder det ingen entydighet omhuruvida behandlingen bör vara könsspecifik eller könsblandad. Däremotupplevde majoriteten av respondenterna att genomförd behandling intemotsvarade deras individuella behov.

Since the passing of Proposition 47 in California in 2014, drug court programs across the state have invariably undergone changes. In my thesis, I evaluate the drug court programs of three counties in Southern California: Orange County, Los Angeles County, and Riverside County. Through a qualitative analysis of the drug court programs in these counties, via interviews, data collection, and courtroom observation, I provide insight into the functionality of each county's program, as well as an analysis of the effects of Proposition 47. This paper aims to address the key factors involved in maintaining a functional and successful drug court system.

Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti narkomanijos kaip socialinės problemos valdymo galimybes. Uždaviniai: 1. Ištirti priklausomybės nuo narkotikų atsiradimo prielaidas ir aplinkybes, siekiant nustatyti pagrindines socialinės rizikos zonas. 2. Identifikuoti psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimo sukeliamas problemas. 3. Nustatyti esmines prielaidas efektyviam narkomanijos kaip socialinio reiškinio valdymui. Tyrimo metodika: anketinė anoniminė Priklausomybės ligų centrų, žalos mažinimo programose dalyvaujančių pacientų apklausa (n = 114). Rezultatų statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant SPSS 17.0. Rezultatai: 78 proc. respondentų turi vidurinį išsilavinimą ir 74 proc. niekur nedirba. 53 proc. respondentų per mėnesį jie uždirba iki 1000 Lt. 42 proc. respondentų mėnesio pajamos yra nuo 1000 iki 2000 Lt. 12 proc. respondentų buvo atleisti iš darbo dėl narkotikų vartojimo. 34 proc. respondentų yra nevedę ir 28 proc. išsiskyrę. 76 proc. respondentų šeimų pajamos yra mažesnės nei 2000 Lt per mėn. Dauguma respondentų šeimų (86 proc.) žino apie narkotikų problemą ir 73 proc. šeimų padeda su ja kovoti. 80 proc. respondentų jaučia neigiamą narkotikų vartojimo poveikį šeimai. 47 proc. respondentų narkotikų pirmą kartą pabandė būdami iki 19 metų amžiaus, 44 proc. būdami 20-29 metų amžiaus. 30 proc. respondentų reguliariai vartoti pradėjo būdami iki 19 metų amžiaus, 54 proc. būdami nuo 20 iki 29 metų amžiaus. Vartojimo priežastys pasiskirstė sekančiai: 33 proc. pabandė dėl smalsumo, 17 proc. prikalbino... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study: Analysis of the management possibilities of drug addiction as social problem Objectives: 1. Research of drug addiction coming consumption and factors and to identify the main social risk areas. 2. To identify problems determined by use of psychoactive substances. 3. To ascertain the fundamental consumptions of management of drug addiction as social phenomenon. Methods: The anonym questionnaire research at the Dependency disease center among Harm reduction program participants (n=114). The statistical analysis of the results was carried out exploitive SPSS 17.0. Results: 78% of respondents have secondary education and 74% are unemployed. 53% of respondents salary is till 1000 Lt per month, 42% respondents salary is from 1000 till 2000 Lt. per month. 12% of respondents was dismissed from job because of use of drugs. 34% of respondents are single and 28% divorced. 76% of respondent’s family income is lower than 2000 Lt per month. Most families (86%) know about addiction problem and are helping (73%) to fight against addiction, therefore 80% of respondents fell negative addiction influence to families members. 47% of respondents first time used drugs when they was till 19 years old, 44% when was from 20 till 29 years old. 30% of respondents started regularly use drugs when they was till 19 years old, 54% when was from 20 till 29 years old. The reason of drug use distributed as follows: 33% tried because of curiosity, 17% friend persuade, 15% wanted forget... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:08:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Davis.pdf: 3104669 bytes, checksum: 32c13b5a2c3fed5feb5e59355e3dbbf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-13 / The aim of this work was to determine the optimal conditions for the degradation of the TC, using the heterogeneous phtocatalysis with ZnO catalyst. Preliminary experiments were conducted to evaluate to efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalysis in the degradation of TC. The degradation was carried out using standard solutions of TC 30 mg L 1. The photocatalytic experiments by using a set of high-pressure mercury lamps as artificial UV irradiation source were performed in laboratory scale. As reactor operational parameters to be optimized by a 33 full factorial experimental design: hydrogen peroxide and zinc oxide as well as the initial solution pH were chosen as variables, keeping constant a reaction time of 60 min. The concentration of TC was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC. Mineralization and toxicity of the treated solution by photocatalytic process were evaluated based on the total organic carbon (TOC) and antibacterial activity. Second-degree models for the degradation of TC were proposed to model the photocatalytic experiments to obtain optimum values of the reactor operating parameters. Second-degree models were also validated by ANOVA. Predicted yields showed good validation with experimental yields. The hydrogen peroxide did not influence significantly the range studied by factorial experimental design. Was necessary to perform photocatalytic experiments at lower concentrations for hydrogen peroxide. The values of the optimized reactor operational parameters were 6, 2 g L-1 and 175 mg L-1 for initial pH, oxide zinc and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, respectively, for photocatalyses heterogeneous process. Based on this optimized experimental conditions, almost 100% of TC degraded. The TOC and antibacterial activity were determined of treated solutions in optimal conditions. Only 46% of the TOC was mineralized, the remainder as intermediate molecules not presented antibacterial activity, not providing risk to the environment. / O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar as condições ótimas para a degradação da TC, utilizando a fotocatálise heterogênea com o óxido de zinco (ZnO) como catalisador. Foram realizados experimentos preliminares para avaliar a eficiência da fotocatálise heterogênea na degradação da TC. A degradação da TC foi realizada a partir de soluções padrão com a concentração de 30 mg L-1 de TC. Os experimentos foram realizados em reatores de escala laboratorial utilizando fonte de irradiação UV artificial (lâmpada de vapor de mercúrio 125 W). Os parâmetros operacionais do reator: pH inicial, concentrações de ZnO e H2O2, foram otimizados baseados na redução da concentração da TC, a partir de um planejamento fatorial 33 completo com o tempo de irradiação constante em 60 minutos. A concentração da TC foi acompanhada por espectrofotometria UV-Vis e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). A mineralização da TC e a possível toxicidade do composto degradado pelo processo fotocatalítico foram avaliadas baseadas no carbono orgânico total e na análise de atividade antibacteriana. Para auxiliar na obtenção das condições ótimas dos parâmetros operacionais do reator no processo fotocatalítico as respostas experimentais para a concentração da TC foram ajustados por um modelo previsto de segunda ordem, o qual apresentou uma boa modelagem dos dados, validado pela ANOVA. Como no PEC o H2O2 não influenciou significativamente devido a faixa estudada estar acima do necessário, foi verificado a influência de cada POR em concentrações menores das estudadas no planejamento, para o H2O2 a concentração mínima foi de 100 mg L-1. Os valores ótimos operacionais do reator na degradação da TC utilizando a fotocatálise heterogênea foram: pH 6, [ZnO] 2 g L-1 e [H2O2] 175 mg L-1. Nessas condições, a degradação total da tetraciclina foi alcançada após um período de 60 minutos de reação. Com a solução degradada nessas condições, foi determinado o carbono orgânico total (COT) e realizada uma análise para verificar a atividade antibacteriana onde concluiu que embora apenas 46% do COT tenha sido mineralizado, o restante na forma de moléculas intermediárias da reação, não oferece riscos biológicos aos ecossistemas, pois não apresenta atividade antibacteriana.