The climate adaptation of our cities and the optimization of our technical systems with regards to weather sets high demands on the availability and the processing of weather data. The possibility to forecast disturbances of influent flow rate to wastewater treatment plants allow control systems counteract these disturbances before they have a harmful effect on the treatment processes. These forecasts can be made by different models A neural network models complex patterns between different data sets through a multi-layered structure containing a large amount of transformation functions. The aim of this project was to examine how the complex neural network performed compared with a simpler linear regression model when forecasting wastewater flow using high resolution X-band rain radar data. The study also investigated to what extent X-band rain radar data contributes to the performance of the model. The performance was evaluated at rain flow periods only. Wastewater flow data were provided by Avedøre wastewater treatment plant in Copenhagen operated by BIOFOS. The X-band rain radar data was provided by HOFOR. The neural network was developed by Informetics on the TensorFlow platform. This project concluded that the neural network and the linear regression model performed equally well at predicting when a rain flow period began. The neural network was more accurate at predicting the flow rate while the linear regression was better at approximating the accumulated flow over an entire rain flow period. Using additional rain data up to 30 km within the radar station location in comparison with using data only from within the catchment indicated a 20 to 30-minutes improvement of possible lead time. A conceivable lead time when forecasting the sewer flow to Avedøre wastewater treatment plant was estimated to be around 4 hours. / Det föreligger höga krav på tillgänglighet och bearbetning av väderdata för att kunna optimera tekniska system i förhållande till väder och klimat. Att kunna förutsäga ändrat inkommande flöde till avloppsreningsverk möjliggör för kontrollsystem att kunna motverka negativa konsekvenser på reningsprocesserna på grund av det ändrade flödet. X-band radardata kan användas för att prognoser av flöden med hjälp av olika modeller.Ett neuralt nätverk, reproducerar komplexa mönster mellan olika dataset genom en struktur med flera lager och en mängd överföringsfunktioner.  Målsättningen med det här projektet var att utvärdera hur ett komplext neuralt nätverk presterar jämfört med en enklare regressionsmodell i att förutsäga avloppsflöde med hjälp av högupplöst X-band radardata. I projektet undersöktes också hur tillgång av olika radardata kunde bidra till modellens prestanda. Modellerna utvärderades endast under regnflödesperioder. Data över avloppsflödet som användes i projektet kom från Avedøre avloppsreningsverk i Köpenhamn. Reningsverket drivs av BIOFOS. Radardata kom från HOFOR. Det neurala nätverket som användes har utvecklats av Informetics på plattformen Tensorflow. Slutsatser som kunde dras i projektet var att det neurala nätverket och den linjär regressionsmodellen var lika bra på att förutsäga när en regnflödesperiod startade. Det neurala nätverket kunde förutsäga det momentana flödet bättre än regressionsmodellen, medan det omvända gällde för att uppskatta den totala flödesvolymen under en hel regnflödesperiod. Genom att använda ytterligare regndata, upp till 30 kilometer från radarstationen, jämfört med att endast använda data från avrinningsområdet kunde en 20–30 minuters förbättring av den möjliga prognostiden påvisas. En tänkbar prognostiden för att förutsäga avloppsflödet till Avedøre avloppsreningsverk visades ligga omkring 4 timmar.

Background: More students state that they are exposed to bullying and the mental illness among adolescents increases. Previous research states that there is a connection between bullying and reduced well-being, where social factors have been emphasized as risk and protective factors for both bullying and well-being. However, it is not well studied which social factors who has the biggest impact on well-being based on positive and negative aspects. Social capital was used as a theoretical frame to explain the social factors’ influence on adolescent’s well-being. Aim: The aim of the study was to study bullying and which social factors who has the biggest impact on well-being among adolescents in the County Council of Västmanland. Method: Based on the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland 2012, a quantitative approach was applied with a cross-sectional design. A total of 4226 students from 9th grade of compulsory school and the 2nd year of upper secondary school in the County Council of Västmanland were included. Descriptive analyzes and multiple linear regression analyzes were performed. Results: Positive influences showed greater variety in well-being and future optimism than negative influences. Negative experiences had a greater influence than positive experiences while physical, verbal and psychological bullying had a low influence. Conclusion: A majority of students had not experienced any form of bullying where physical bullying was least common while mental bullying was most common. Students’ well-being was highly rated, boys rated their well-being as better than girls. School well-being and negative experiences had the greatest influence in well-being and future optimism.

El presente trabajo muestra la situación actual de la demanda de Gas Liquado de Petroleo (GLP) en el mercado peruano con respecto al parque automotor durante los últimos 6 años. El objetivo general es predecir la demanda de GLP para el segundo semestre del año 2021, a través de las variables más relevantes a fin de conocer si la producción local más la importación de este tipo de combustible (GLP) será la suficiente para cubrir la demanda del sector automotriz. La metodología utilizada por el equipo de ciencia de datos es Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM), la cual consiste en seguir una serie de diez etapas, en cada una de ellas se ira descubriendo y analizando las variables que serán relevantes para la elaboración del modelo deseado. El modelo seleccionado por el equipo de ciencia de datos es el modelo de aprendizaje predictivo ya que este agrupa varias técnicas estadísticas de modelización, lo cual incluye algoritmos de aprendizaje automático. Posteriormente las Herramientas que se utilizarán para un mejor Análisis y entendimiento de la problemática serán Power BI, KNime y Python. / This paper shows the current situation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) demand in the Peruvian market with respect to the vehicle fleet during the last 6 years. The general objective is to predict the LPG demand for the second semester of the year 2021, through the most relevant variables to know if the local production plus the import of this type of fuel (LPG) will be enough to cover the demand of the automotive sector. The methodology used by the data science team is Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM), which consists of following a series of ten stages, in each of which the variables that will be relevant for the elaboration of the desired model will be discovered and analyzed. The model selected by the data science team is the predictive learning model because it groups several statistical modeling techniques, including machine learning algorithms. Subsequently, the tools to be used for a better analysis and understanding of the problem will be Power BI, KNime and Python. / Trabajo de investigación

Why do strong states, despite their far superior military capabilities, experience increasing difficulties in defeating small states in asymmetric conflicts? In this thesis I develop a conceptual framework based on Keohane & Nye's theory of complex interdependence, in which I argue that the increased degree of mutual interdependence among strong states leads to decreased cost-tolerance when exercising military power. This, in turn, leads to power being exercised in other forms such as different types of sanctions, influence on political agendas or through political pressure made possible by asymmetric vulnerabilities. The conceptual framework is tested with descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression on all 118 cases of asymmetric conflicts fought between 1945 and 2003. The results challenge existing knowledge about factors such as the importance of military power, troop commitment, external support, the nature of government and freedom of the press. At the same time, risks are identified in small states’ strategies that are based on external support. The result of the study indicates that such strategies lead to increased cost-tolerance among strong intervening states.

In this thesis project, we attempt to predict the stop duration of heavy vehicles using data based on GPS positions collected in a previous project. All of the training and prediction is done in AWS SageMaker, and we explore possibilities with Linear Learner, K-Nearest Neighbors and XGBoost, all of which are explained in this paper. Although we were not able to construct a production-grade model within the time frame of the thesis, we were able to show that the potential for such a model does exist given more time, and propose some suggestions for the paths one can take to improve on the endpoint of this project.

The issue of this master's thesis is a creation of new prediction unit for existing system of knowledge discovery in database. The first part of project deal with general problems of knowledge discovery in database and predictive analysis. The second part of the project deal with system developed on FIT, for which is module implemented, used technologies, concept and implementation of mining module for this system. The solution is implemented in Java language and is a built on the NetBeans platform.

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[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver modelos matemáticos que permitam estimar o tempo médio dos banhos com a utilização de chuveiros elétricos e a curva de carga desses aparelhos, considerando as informações das Pesquisas de Posses e Hábitos de Consumo (PPH) e medições realizadas com o auxílio de medidores eletrônicos com memória de massa, em residências com chuveiros elétricos. A motivação do estudo advém de uma exigência da ANEEL que determina que as distribuidoras de energia elétrica realizem a cada 2 (dois) ciclos de revisão tarifária a PPH em suas unidades consumidoras. Os métodos empregados foram: estatística descritiva (para a obtenção do tempo médio de banho); aplicação da regressão linear e de redes neurais (para corrigir a curva de carga horária obtida com a PPH, com base nos dados das medições). Os resultados foram promissores, pois o tempo médio de banho se encontra próximo às estimativas do PROCEL (que são de 8 (oito) a 10 (dez) minutos) e a curva de carga estimada se encontra próxima à da medição, sendo esta última o consumo real. Conclui-se que a abordagem desta dissertação resultou em melhorias na estimativa dos coeficientes de ajustes e que o método de redes neurais foi relativamente melhor que o método de regressão linear simples. / [en] The aim of this dissertation is to develop mathematical models that would allow the estimation of the average time of baths using electric showers and the load shape curves for these devices, obtained from two sources: the information of Electrical Appliances Ownership Survey and measurements of electric shower usage in households carried out with electronic meters with storage capacity. The motivation stems from a requirement of ANEEL that determines that the electric energy distributors periodically should hold a PPH in their consumer units. Concerning the average time of shower baths, the last PPH survey conducted by PROCEL in 2005 estimated this time between 8 (eight) and 10 (ten) minutes. The methods employed in this work were: descriptive statistics (for obtaining the average bath time); application of linear regression and neural networks (to estimate the correction factors to approximate the load shape curves obtained by PPH to those obtained by measurements). The obtained results are rather promising due to the following reasons: the average time of bath is next to the estimates of PROCEL and the corrected load shape curve estimated is quite close to the measured curve, the latter being the actual consumption. This approach has resulted in improvements in the estimation of the coefficients of adjustments and the method of neural networks was relatively better than the simple linear regression method.