A investigação do sexo é uma das análises mais importantes na identificação humana. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a determinação do sexo em crânios humanos utilizando três métodos de Antropologica Física, duas quantitativas (Forensic Data Anthropolgy Bank, FDB, 1986 e Oliveira, 1995) e uma qualitativa, (Walker, 2008), e a análise genética pela amelogenina. A amostra foi composta de 66 crânios (34 homens e 32 mulheres) do Centro de Estudo e Pesquisa em Ciências Forenses, Guarulhos, SP. As metodologias foram aplicadas por duas pesquisadoras, que desconheciam o sexo dos crânios. Para o estudo estatístico realizaram-se análise descritiva, média, desvio padrão, análise discriminante linear e logística e regressão logística. A metodologia quantivativa apresentou um acerto de 89,52%. O Método FBD teve uma acurácia de 92,31%, com a elaboração de uma fórmula utilizando as medidas Largura Bizigomática, Altura Nasal, as quais apresentaram o maior dimorfismo entre os sexos, e Altura Básio-bregma e Máximo Comprimento do Crânio. A metodologia de Oliveira et al. (1995) necessitou de ajuste para a população estudada (nova fórmula com acurácia de 76,47% em homens e 78,13% em mulheres). Para o DNA, foi possível determinar o sexo em 86,15% da amostra. Pode-se afirmar que as diferentes metodologias comportaram-se de modo semelhante e com alta acurácia para determinação do sexo. A antropologia física apresenta as vantagens de facilidade de aplicação, reprodutibilidade e baixo custo, porém, necessita de ajustes populacionais. O DNA é mais complexo, necessita de infraestrutura e insumos específicos e pode ter interferência da condição ambiental, fatores que dificultam as análises, entretanto, não precisa ser ajustado á população. / The investigation of the sex is one of the most important analyzes in the human identification. This study aimed to determine the sex in human skulls using three methodologies of Physical Anthropology, two quantitative (Forensic Data Anthropology Bank, FDB, 1986 e Oliveira, 1995) and one qualitative (Walker, 2008) and genetic analysis by amelogenin. The sample was composed by 66 skulls (34 men and 32 women) from the Center for Study and Research in Forensic Science, Guarulhos, SP. The methodologies were applied by two researchers who were unaware of the craniums sexes. For the statistical analysis, there were performed descriptive analysis, average, standard deviation, linear discriminant analysis and logistic and logistic regression. The quantitative methodology presented an accuracy of 89.52%. The FBD method had an accuracy of 92.31%, with the development of a mathematical model using the measures Bizygomatic breadth, Nasal heigh, which showed the biggest dimorphism between the sexes, and Basion-bregma height and Maximum Cranial Length. The Oliveiras et al. (1995) methodology required adjustment for the studied population (new formula with an accuracy of 76.47% in men and 78.13% in women). For the DNA, it was possible to determine the sex in 86.15% of the sample. The different methodologies behaved similarly and with high accuracy in sex determination. Physical anthropology has the advantages of being easy to use, reliability and low cost, but needs population adjustments. The DNA is more complex, requires specific reagents and structure and may have interference from environmental condition, however, does not need to be adjusted to the population.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união, a penetração e a adaptação à dentina radicular de cimentos obturadores à base de resina epóxica e de silicato de cálcio com e sem ativação sônica e ultrassônica. Raízes de caninos superiores com 16 mm de comprimento foram submetidas a preparo biomecânico com instrumentos rotatórios de níquel titânio sob irrigação constante com NaOCl 2,5% e irrigação final com EDTA 17%. As raízes foram distribuídas em grupos de acordo com os cimentos obturadores: AH Plus e MTA Fillapex. Cada grupo foi subdividido em função da ativação do cimento obturador (n=13): sem ativação; ativação sônica por 30 segundos; ativação ultrassônica por 30 segundos. Em cada subgrupo, a manipulação dos cimentos obturadores foi realizada de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes para 10 espécimes, para os 3 espécimes restantes, o cimento foi acrescido de Rodamina B 0,1% previamente à manipulação. A obturação foi realizada de acordo com o protocolo de cada subgrupo em relação ao cimento e ativação, utilizando-se a técnica de condensação lateral. Após três vezes os tempos de endurecimento dos cimentos, os espécimes foram seccionados obtendo-se 3 slices de 1,0 mm de espessura de cada terço radicular. Dois slices de cada terço foram submetidos ao teste de push-out e o padrão de falha foi determinado. O terceiro slice de cada terço radicular foi submetido à análise qualitativa da adaptação do cimento à dentina radicular e presença de vazios, por meio de microscopia confocal de varredura a laser. Nos espécimes em que o cimento foi acrescido de Rodamina B 0,1%, avaliou-se a penetração do cimento na dentina radicular por microscopia confocal de varredura a laser com fluorescência. Os dados foram analisados por testes estatísticos paramétricos e não-paramétricos. O cimento AH Plus (2,58±1,21) apresentou maior resistência de união comparado ao MTA Fillapex (1,45±0,71) (p<0,122). A ativação ultrassônica (2,64±1,44) propiciou maior resistência de união comparada aos grupos sem ativação (1,58±0,73) (p<0,0001) e com ativação sônica (1,83±0,85) (p<0,0001), não havendo diferença entre estes (p=0,3303). O terço cervical apresentou maior resistência de união (2,48±1,49) comparado ao médio (2,08±0,94) (p=0,0003) e apical (1,48±0,58) (p<0,001). Para o cimento MTA Fillapex houve predomínio de falhas adesivas mistas em todos os grupos, enquanto que para o cimento AH Plus houve predomínio de falhas adesivas mistas para os grupos sem ativação e ativação ultrassônica e falhas adesivas mistas e adesivas ao material obturador para o grupo de ativação sônica. A ativação ultrassônica promoveu, independente do cimento obturador, maior número, densidade e extensão de tags, com massa obturadora mais homogênea e adaptada às paredes do canal radicular. A ativação sônica, por sua vez, apresentou número, densidade e extensão de tags similares ao grupo sem ativação, no entanto a massa obturadora apresentou desadaptações e formação de bolhas. A ativação ultrassônica impactou na maior resistência de união, penetração, densidade e extensão de tags e melhor adaptação do cimento a dentina radicular, ao contrário da ativação sônica que não aumentou a resistência de união e penetração de tags e proporcionou maior desadaptação e inclusão de vazios na massa obturadora. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength, penetration and adaptation to the root dentin sealers based on epoxy resin and calcium silicate with and without sonic and ultrasonic activation. Maxillary canine roots with 16 mm length were submitted to biomechanical preparation with nickel titanium rotary files, under constant irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl and final irrigation with 17% EDTA. The roots were divided into groups according to the sealers: AH Plus and MTA Fillapex. Each group was subdivided based on sealer activation (n = 13): no activation; sonic activations (30 seconds); ultrasonic activation (30 seconds). In each subgroup, the sealer manipulation was performed according to the manufacturers instructions for 10 specimens, for the 3 remaining specimens, the Rhodamine B 0.1% was incorpored to the sealer prior to manipulation. The root canal filling was performed according to the protocol of each group relative to the sealer and activation, using the lateral condensation technique. After three times the sealer setting times, the specimens were sectioned and obtained 3 slices of 1.0 mm thickness of each root third. Two slices of each third were submitted to the push-out test and the failure pattern was determined. The third slice of each root third was submitted to qualitative analysis of sealer and root dentin adaptation and the presence of voids, by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. In specimens in which Rhodamine B 0.1% was added in the sealer was evaluated the sealer penetration in root dentin by confocal laser scanning fluorescence. The data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. The AH Plus (2.58 ± 1.21) showed higher bond strength compared to MTA Fillapex (1.45 ± 0.71) (p <0.122). The ultrasonic activation (2.64 ± 1.44) provided higher bond strength compared to no activation groups (1.58 ± 0.73) (p <0.0001) and sonic activation (1.83 ± 0.85) (p <0.0001), with no difference between them (p = 0.3303). The cervical third showed higher bond strength (2.48 ± 1.49) compared to the middle (2.08 ± 0.94) (p = 0.0003) and apical thirds (1.48 ± 0.58) (P < 0.001). For the MTA Fillapex there was a predominance of mixed adhesive failures in all groups, whereas for AH Plus there was a predominance of mixed adhesive failures for groups without activation and ultrasonic activation and mixed adhesive failures and adhesives to the filling material for the sonic activation group. Ultrasonic activation promoted, regardless of the sealer, the greater number, density and length tags with more homogenous and adapted root canal filling to the root canal walls. On the other hand, the sonic activation, presented number, density and length of tags similar to the group without activation, however the root canal filling showed mismatches and blistering. Ultrasonic activation impacted the highest bond strength, penetration, density and length tags and better adaptation of the sealer root dentin, unlike the sonic activation that not increased bond strength and penetration tags and provided greater mismatch and the inclusion of voids in the root canal filling.

<p>Bruket av tobak har idag blivit en viktig folkhälsofråga eftersom rökning och snusning har negativa effekter på såväl allmänhälsa som munhälsa. Trots det röker nästan var fjärde svensk kvinna och var femte svensk man. Syftet med den här studien var att kartlägga tobaksvanorna bland förstaårsstudenterna på sjuksköterske-, tandhygienist- och folkhälsopedagogiska programmet samt att undersöka vilka kunskaper studenterna på respektive program har om tobak och dess effekter i munhålan. Studien genomfördes som en enkätundersökning där 121 enkäter delades ut till studenterna på de tre programmen. Resultatet visade att 7% av studenterna var dagligrökare och 17% var feströkare. Störst andel rökare återfanns på tandhygienistprogrammet. Endast 4% av studenterna brukade snus. Lungcancer, KOL och hjärt-kärlsjukdom var de sjukdomstillstånd som flest studenter associerade med tobaksbruk och när det gäller effekterna i munhålan, såg studenterna starka kopplingar till flera av de listade tillstånden. Rökning förknippades främst med dålig andedräkt, missfärgning av tänderna och muncancer medan snusning också förknippades med frätskador på munslemhinnan. Studenterna visade relativt goda kunskaper om tobak och dess effekter på hälsan. Trots detta rökte en stor del av studenterna vilket indikerar att kunskap allena, inte får unga människor att avstå från tobaksbruk.</p> / <p>The use of tobacco has today become an important question in the public health work since smoking and snuff use has a negative impact on general as well as oral health. Despite this, almost one out of four Swedish women and one out of five Swedish men are current smokers. The aim of this study was to survey tobacco habits among first grade students of nursing, dental hygiene and public health and to study the students’ knowledge about tobacco and its effects on the oral cavity. The study was carried out as a questionnaire survey where 121 questionnaires were handed out to the students of the three programmes. The result showed that 7% of the students were daily smokers and 17% were occasional smokers. The largest share of smokers was found at the dental hygienist programme. Only 4% of the students were current snuff users. Lung cancer, COPD and cardio vascular disease were the states of illnesses most students associated with tobacco use. Regarding the effects on the oral cavity, the students found strong connections to several of the listed conditions. Smoking was mainly associated with oral halitosis, tooth staining and oral cancer, while the use of snuff was also associated with corrosion damage to the oral mucous membrane. The students showed relatively good knowledge about tobacco and its health effects. Despite this, a large part of the students was current smokers, which indicates that knowledge alone does not make young people refrain from tobacco use.</p>

<p>Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate former dental hygienist students’ view regarding their education at Kristianstad University.Material and methods: This quantitative study was descriptive and the data collection method was used by a questionnaire. This was sent by post to former dental hygienist students at Kristianstad University. In total, 57 dental hygienists participated in the study.Result: The majority of the respondents (94 %, n=54) were content with their education. The education’s primary strength turned out to be the clinical activity that is conducted while at the same time there was a wish for more practice. The content in the dental hygienist education at Kristianstad University is corresponding to the requirements in the profession including oral health science according to the majority of the respondents.Conclusion: The clinical activity that is conducted both at external dental clinics and at the dental clinic at the college has a high significance for the prospective dental hygienist’s career.Keywords: alumnus, dental hygienist, dental hygienist education, knowledge, skills description</p>

The aim of the study was to investigate oral hygiene experience, knowledge of oral health and oral diseases and attitudes about oral health care among students of nursing at the School of Nursing in Livingstone, Zambia. The respondents were women and men in the ages between 20 and 43. A questionnaire consisting of 29 questions was handed out to 119 students. The results showed that the majority of the students brushed their teeth every day. Visits to dental clinics, however, were few. The most common reason for dental visits was pain. Most of the respondents knew about one or more HIV-related oral diseases, and the most common answer was oral candidosis. The overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS-related oral lesions was very high, and the majority of the respondents were interested to receive more information about the subject. The respondents had good knowledge in oral health and oral diseases, and the majority had a positive attitude concerning oral health care providers. The majority also considered collaboration between dental care and regular health care as essential. Although the knowledge about oral health was good, the result showed infrequent dental visits among the respondents. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskestudenters munhygienvanor, deras kunskaper om oral hälsa och orala sjukdomar samt attityder till munhälsovård. Ett frågeformulär med 29 frågor delades ut till 119 andra- och tredje års studenter på sjuksköterskeskolan i Livingstone, Zambia. Respondenterna var både kvinnor och män mellan 20 och 43 år. Resultatet visade att flertalet studenter borstade sina tänder dagligen. Däremot var det ovanligt med täta tandvårdsbesök och den vanligaste orsaken till besök var smärta. Majoriteten av studenterna hade goda kunskaper om HIV-relaterade orala lesioner och det vanligaste svaret de uppgav var oral candida. De generella kunskaperna om HIV/AIDS- relaterade orala lesioner var väldigt goda och majoriteten av respondenterna var intresserade av mer information i ämnet. Generellt hade respondenterna goda kunskaper om oral hälsa, orala sjukdomar och majoriteten hade en positiv attityd till munhälsovård. Flertalet ansåg att ett samarbete mellan tand- och sjukvård var betydelsefullt. Trots den höga kunskapsnivån om oral hälsa visar resultatet att respondenterna inte besöker tandvården regelbundet.

Both spinal pain and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) commonly occur in the general population. Previous studies demonstrate neurophysiologic and biomechanical couplings between the trigeminal and cervical regions. This investigation tested the null hypothesis of no relationship between spinal pain (neck, shoulder and/or low back) and TMD, by using questionnaires and clinical examinations of the jaw function. In an age- and sex-matched case-control study, the specific aim was to compare the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD among cases with long-term spinal pain and controls without spinal pain. The results showed that subjects with spinal pain had signs and symptoms of TMD significantly more often than did controls. The associations remained after excluding all participants with jaw pain. Furthermore, the comorbidity pattern was similar, regardless of location of spinal pain. In a cross-sectional study, the specific aim was to test whether there is a reciprocal cross-sectional dose-response-like relationship between spinal pain and TMD. Two different designs were used, one with frequency/severity of spinal pain as independent variable, and the other, with frequency/severity of TMD symptoms as independent variable. The analysis showed increasing odds for presence of TMD symptoms with increasing frequency/severity of spinal pain, and increasing odds for presence of spinal pain with increasing frequency/severity of TMD symptoms. In a case-control study within a 2-year prospective cohort, the specific aim was to test whether there is a reciprocal temporal relationship between signs and symptoms in trigeminally, and symptoms in spinally, innervated areas. Incidence of symptoms in these areas was analyzed in relation to presence of spinal pain, headaches, and signs and symptoms of TMD at baseline. The main findings were that presence of signs of TMD at baseline increased the onset of spinal pain and symptoms in the trigeminal area, and that spinal pain increased the onset of symptoms in the trigeminal area. An augmentation effect between the significant baseline variables was observed for the incidence of headaches and jaw pain. In conclusion, the investigation demonstrated a cross-sectional and temporal relationship between spinal pain and TMD; thus, the null hypothesis was rejected. The results indicate common pathophysiological mechanisms in the development of spinal pain and TMD. The comorbidity and reciprocal influence that were found call for an integrated and multidimensional approach in the management of individuals with long-term spinal pain and TMD.

El presente trabajo ha estudiado el periodo incremental del Programa de Asistencia Bucodental Infantil (PADI), implantado en la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia en el año 2003, hasta el año 2010, donde terminó su etapa incremental (BORN nº 13, 2003). Sus principales características son: Se realizará de forma incremental a partir del 1 de enero de 2003 con los menores de 6 y 7, que continuarán integrados en el PADI hasta alcanzar los 15 años. A partir del año 2004 se incluiría una nueva una cohorte de edad cada año. Este modelo PADI la financiación es pública, pero la provisión es mixta (pública y privada). El pago a los dentistas privados es por capitación para los tratamientos básicos y por acto médico para los tratamientos especiales. El objetivo principal del Programa es el disminuir la incidencia de caries y enfermedad periodontal de los niños residentes en la Región de Murcia. / The present work has studied the incremental period of the Program of Oral Infantile Assistance (PADI), implanted in the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia in the year 2003, until the year 2010, where it finished his incremental stage (BORN n º 13, 2003). His principal characteristics are: There will be realized of incremental form from January 1, 2003 by the child of 6 and 7, that they will continue integrated the PADI up to reaching 15 years. From the year 2004 the new one would include a cohort of age every year. This model PADI the financing is public, but the provision is mixed (public and private). The payment to the private dentists is for capitation for the basic treatments and for medical act for the special treatments. The principal aim of the Program is to reduce the incident of caries and disease periodontal of the resident children in the Region of Murcia.

The aim of the present study was to examine smoking behaviour and motivation for smoking cessation in patients at a dental clinic. Another aim was to examine if the patients had been asked by the dental staff regarding their smoking habits. Twenty-two patients from a student clinic and twenty-one patients from a Swedish Public Dental Service Clinic in southern of Sweden participated in the study. Participants consisted of eighteen women and twenty-five men. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire that was directed at smokers. The questionnaire was answered in connection with the visit to the dental hygienist. The patients smoked between eight and twelve cigarettes per day and had on average smoked between 5 -15 years. More than half of the patients started smoking because of pressure from friends. In the future the patients would consider quitting smoking to avoid oral health diseases. Most of the patients wanted to try without external aid. The general health and oral health was perceived as good, or very good by 43 respondents. The most common oral health problems were dry mouth, dark brown coating on the teeth and gingivitis. This survey shows that many of those who currently smoke started smoking because of their surroundings. Giving up smoking to avoid oral health diseases was very important / important to the respondents. The motivation for smoking cessation was different among the patients. It was difficult for many patients to stop smoking. The survey also showed that more dental hygienists than dentists asked their patients about smoking habits and informing them about smoking cessation. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka rökvanor och motivation till rökavvänjning hos patienter vid tandvårdsklinik. Ytterligare ett syfte var att undersöka om patienterna blivit tillfrågade av tandvårdspersonalen om sina rökvanor. Tjugutvå patienter från en studentklinik och tjuguen patienter från en folktandvårdsklinik i södra Sverige deltog i studien. Deltagarna bestod av 58 % män och 42 % kvinnor. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med användning av en enkät som var riktad till rökare. Enkäten besvarades i samband med ett tandhygienistbesök. Patienterna uppgav att de rökte mellan åtta och tolv cigaretter per dag och hade rökt mellan  5-15 år. Mer än hälften av patienterna började röka på grund av grupptryck eller kompisar. Patienterna kunde tänka sig att sluta röka i framtiden, för att undvika munhälsoskador och dem flesta av rökarna vill försöka sluta röka utan hjälp. Den allmänna hälsan respektive munhälsan upplevdes som bra eller mycket bra av samtliga 43 respondenter. De vanligaste problemen med munhälsan var muntorrhet, svarta bruna beläggningar på tänderna samt gingivit. Denna enkätstudie visar att många av dem som rökte började röka på grund av att personer i deras omgivning rökte. Att sluta röka för att undvika munhälsoskador var mycket viktigt/viktigt för patienterna. Motivationen till rökstopp varierade bland patienterna. Det var svårt för många av de att hålla sig rökfria. Studien visar även att det var fler tandhygienister än tandläkare som frågade patienterna om deras rökvanor och informerade om rökavvänjning.

Bruket av tobak har idag blivit en viktig folkhälsofråga eftersom rökning och snusning har negativa effekter på såväl allmänhälsa som munhälsa. Trots det röker nästan var fjärde svensk kvinna och var femte svensk man. Syftet med den här studien var att kartlägga tobaksvanorna bland förstaårsstudenterna på sjuksköterske-, tandhygienist- och folkhälsopedagogiska programmet samt att undersöka vilka kunskaper studenterna på respektive program har om tobak och dess effekter i munhålan. Studien genomfördes som en enkätundersökning där 121 enkäter delades ut till studenterna på de tre programmen. Resultatet visade att 7% av studenterna var dagligrökare och 17% var feströkare. Störst andel rökare återfanns på tandhygienistprogrammet. Endast 4% av studenterna brukade snus. Lungcancer, KOL och hjärt-kärlsjukdom var de sjukdomstillstånd som flest studenter associerade med tobaksbruk och när det gäller effekterna i munhålan, såg studenterna starka kopplingar till flera av de listade tillstånden. Rökning förknippades främst med dålig andedräkt, missfärgning av tänderna och muncancer medan snusning också förknippades med frätskador på munslemhinnan. Studenterna visade relativt goda kunskaper om tobak och dess effekter på hälsan. Trots detta rökte en stor del av studenterna vilket indikerar att kunskap allena, inte får unga människor att avstå från tobaksbruk. / The use of tobacco has today become an important question in the public health work since smoking and snuff use has a negative impact on general as well as oral health. Despite this, almost one out of four Swedish women and one out of five Swedish men are current smokers. The aim of this study was to survey tobacco habits among first grade students of nursing, dental hygiene and public health and to study the students’ knowledge about tobacco and its effects on the oral cavity. The study was carried out as a questionnaire survey where 121 questionnaires were handed out to the students of the three programmes. The result showed that 7% of the students were daily smokers and 17% were occasional smokers. The largest share of smokers was found at the dental hygienist programme. Only 4% of the students were current snuff users. Lung cancer, COPD and cardio vascular disease were the states of illnesses most students associated with tobacco use. Regarding the effects on the oral cavity, the students found strong connections to several of the listed conditions. Smoking was mainly associated with oral halitosis, tooth staining and oral cancer, while the use of snuff was also associated with corrosion damage to the oral mucous membrane. The students showed relatively good knowledge about tobacco and its health effects. Despite this, a large part of the students was current smokers, which indicates that knowledge alone does not make young people refrain from tobacco use.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate former dental hygienist students’ view regarding their education at Kristianstad University.Material and methods: This quantitative study was descriptive and the data collection method was used by a questionnaire. This was sent by post to former dental hygienist students at Kristianstad University. In total, 57 dental hygienists participated in the study.Result: The majority of the respondents (94 %, n=54) were content with their education. The education’s primary strength turned out to be the clinical activity that is conducted while at the same time there was a wish for more practice. The content in the dental hygienist education at Kristianstad University is corresponding to the requirements in the profession including oral health science according to the majority of the respondents.Conclusion: The clinical activity that is conducted both at external dental clinics and at the dental clinic at the college has a high significance for the prospective dental hygienist’s career.Keywords: alumnus, dental hygienist, dental hygienist education, knowledge, skills description