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Les Offices, monument emblématique de la Renaissance florentine, restent, malgré leur célébrité, encore curieusement méconnus. Considérés comme l’ancêtre des musées européens, ils sont construits par Giorgio Vasari pour accueillir les magistratures de Cosimo I, puis partiellement transformés en galerie par Francesco I. Si la présence d’ateliers d’artistes y est attestée dès 1586, on sait peu de choses sur leur nature et rien sur leur organisation ou leur raison d’être. Fondée sur le dépouillement systématique des archives florentines, notre thèse se propose de retracer l’histoire des ateliers des Offices sous le règne de Ferdinando 1(1587-1609). L’étude combinée des documents, des plans inédits et des oeuvres conservées nous a permis de reconstituer la structure et le fonctionnement des Offices. Grâce à ces sources, nous avons défini et expliqué l’emplacement des ateliers d’artistes et de savants dans le bâtiment, qui était auparavant inconnu : nous avons ainsi pu déterminer plusieurs pôles d’activités, répartis dans tout le bâtiment. En effet, comme dans la ville, les ateliers sont placés, selon leur discipline, dans des quartiers bien distincts. L’identité de ces artistes et savants, ainsi que leurs conditions de travail, ont été établis à l’aide d’une documentation administrative complexe. Nous avons également examiné leur production: objets d’art, remèdes pharmacologiques et instruments scientifiques se caractérisent tous par leur innovation technique. Cette production est en grande partie employée à servir les intérêts politiques du grand-duc, puisqu’elle est envoyée à travers toute l’Europe comme cadeaux attestant du prestige médicéen. Le succès de cette politique provoque d’ailleurs une certaine émulation auprès des cours européennes. En examinant les cas de Pesaro, de Prague et de Paris, au Louvre, nous montrons que les princes européens cherchent à importer le modèle des Offices, en l’adaptant à leurs propres intérêts. / The Uffizi, emblematic monument of the Florentine Renaissance, are still, in spite of their fame, oddly unknown. Considered as the ancestor of the European museums, they were built by Giorgio Vasari to cater for Cosimo I’s public offices, then were partly transformed into a gallery by Francesco I. Even if the presence of workshops is attested ever since 1586, very few about their nature and nothing about their organisation or their purpose is known. Our thesis, based on a comprehensive assimilation of the Florentine archives, intends to recount the history of the Uffizi workshops during Ferdinando I’s reign (1587-1609). The combined study of the documents, the unpublished maps and of the preserved pieces, has enabled us to piece together again the structure and the functioning of the Uffizi. Thanks to these sources, we have defined and explained the location of the artists’ workshops and of scientists inside the building which was unknown before : so we could determine several functional skill areas shared out through the whole building. Indeed, as in town, die workshops are located, depending on their discipline, in separate districts. The identity of these artists and scientists as well as their working conditions, have been set up thanks to a complicated administrative documentation. We have also looked over their production : art objects, pharmacological medicines and scientific instruments are all characterised by their technical innovation. This production is to a great part used to serve die grand-duke’s politica interests because it is sent throughout all Europe as gifts showing the Medicean prestige. The success of this policy causes moreover some emulation in the European courts. By studying Pesaro’s case, in Prague and Paris, we show that die European princes try to introduce the example of die Uffizi, adapting it in their own interests.

Global multiregional input-output databases (GMRIOs) became the standard tool for track ing environmental impacts through global supply chains. To date, several GMRIOs are available, but the numerical results differ. This paper considers how GMRIOs can be made more robust and authoritative. We show that GMRIOs need detail in environmentally relevant sectors. On the basis of a review of earlier work, we conclude that the highest uncertainty in footprint analyses is caused by the environmental data used in a GMRIO, followed by the size of country measured in gross domestic product (GDP) as fraction of the global total, the structure of the national table, and only at the end the structure of trade. We suggest the following to enhance robustness of results. In the short term, we recommend using the Single country National Accounts Consistent footprint approach, that uses official data for extensions and the national table for the country in question, combined with embodiments in imports calculated using a GMRIO. In a time period of 2 to 3 years, we propose work on harmonized environmental data for water, carbon, materials, and land, and use the aggregated Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Inter-Country Input-Output GMRIO as default in combination with detailing procedures developed in, for example, the EXIOBASE and Eora projects. In the long term, solutions should be coordinated by the international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) Statistical Division, OECD, and Eurostat. This could ensure that when input-output tables and trade data of individual countries are combined, that the global totals are consistent and that bilateral trade asymmetries are resolved.

Orientador: Mauricio Roriz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T23:32:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carrieres_KellenReginaMonte_M.pdf: 2055164 bytes, checksum: cdcb2f87b28224c87a8002fe4b58dab8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Com a crise energética e o alto consumo de eletricidade, é crescente a preocupação com a economia de energia, principalmente em edifícios dos setores públicos e comerciais, pois são os grandes consumidores. Com isso, muitos pesquisadores da área estão direcionando suas pesquisas científicas para o estudo do conforto térmico do homem, em busca de edifícios mais eficientes energeticamente. Baseado nesses fatos, esse trabalho avalia a influência de parâmetros construtivos com relação ao consumo de energia e ao conforto térmico de edifícios de escritórios da cidade de São Carlos, de forma a adequar os edifícios ao clima da cidade. Para tal análise, foram estudados seis edifícios com relação à caracterização construtiva, dos quais três foram escolhidos para o levantamento do padrão de uso e ocupação desse tipo de edificação, e para monitoramento de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. Foram realizadas para o clima da cidade, simulações de um edifício de referência que apresenta alguns parâmetros fixos, que foram adotados por representarem os sistemas construtivos mais utilizados no Brasil, e outros variáveis como a orientação, sistema construtivo, porcentagem de vidro na fachada, absortância da fachada e da cobertura e renovações de ar. Cada parâmetro variável foi simulado com todos os outros fixos, obtendo-se assim resultados reais da influência de cada um. Os resultados dessas simulações foram analisados estatisticamente por regressão linear múltipla. Com essa análise pôde-se determinar a influência de cada parâmetro no consumo de energia. A absortância da cobertura foi o parâmetro que mais influenciou no consumo, chegando a 160% a mais no mês de junho e 238% a mais no mês de dezembro, isso em relação a absortância da fachada, parâmetro de menor influência nesses modelos. Além disso, foram calculadas as diferenças de consumo entre os maiores e menores valores para todas as combinações adotadas nesse trabalho, chegando as situações ideais para o consumo de aquecimento e resfriamento. Em todos os casos, com exceção da capacidade térmica do sistema construtivo, os menores valores de cada parâmetro foram os que obtiveram um menor consumo total em todas as situações / Abstract: Due to the energetic crisis and the high demand for electricity, the concern about power saving is growing, mainly at public and commercial buildings, as they are the greatest consumers. Therefore, many researchers of the area are directing their scientific researches towards the study of mankind thermal comfort, aiming more energetically efficient buildings. Based upon these facts, this work evaluates the influence of construction parameters in relation to energy consumption and thermal comfort of office buildings located in the city of Sao Carlos, in order to adequate the buildings to the city climate. For such analysis, six buildings were studied regarding constructive characterization and three of them were chosen to be assessed by the use and occupancy patterns of this type of building and for temperature and air relative humidity monitoring. According to the city climate, simulations were performed for a reference building with some fixed parameters, which were adopted as representing the most used building systems in Brazil and other variables such as orientation, building system, the percentage of glass in the façade, façade and roof absortance and air renovation. Each variable parameter was simulated having all others fixed, obtaining real results of their individual influences. The results of these simulations were statistically analyzed by multiple linear regression. Through this analysis it was possible to determine the influence of each parameter in the energy consumption. The roof absortance was the parameter that most influenced the consumption, reaching a 160% increase in the month of June and 238% in December, regarding the façade absortance, the less influential parameter in these models. Besides that, the differences of consumption between bigger and smaller values for all the combinations adopted in this work were calculated, reaching ideal situations for the warming and cooling consumptions. In all cases, except for the thermal capacity of the building system, the smaller values of each parameter were the ones that obtained the minor total consumption in all situations / Mestrado / Edificações / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

A construção civil, e mais especificamente os empreendimentos de base imobiliária, necessitam de grandes volumes de recursos concentrados em um curto período para o desenvolvimento de seus produtos, cujo payback é de horizonte largo, dependendo assim de ferramentas que permitam alavancar os empreendimentos para que os recursos sejam utilizados nas atividades fim das empresas deste setor. Desta forma, o setor ganha em produtividade, competitividade e agilidade, incluindo a diminuição da rotatividade de sua mão-de-obra. A securitização vem ao encontro dos interesses do setor por ser um sistema flexível para a captação dos recursos que possibilita o re-direcionamento de recursos da poupança brasileira para o mercado de empreendimentos de base imobiliária. É neste contexto que o presente trabalho apresenta a securitização de empreendimentos de base imobiliária, mais especificamente de edifícios de escritório voltados à locação, como um vetor de impulsão deste mercado a partir do momento que se torna uma alternativa de investimento atrativa aos poupadores, da mesma forma como é vista em países onde este já é um procedimento consagrado. Como o Brasil ainda tem um mercado incipiente, o mercado americano, que já apresenta maturidade, será utilizado como referência para as projeções que serão feitas acerca do desenvolvimento da securitização no Brasil. Com isto, com a projeção das expectativas para o mercado paulistano de edifícios de escritórios e com a demonstração da atratividade dos papéis, pretende-se mostrar que a securitização é um meio de funding2 que pode sustentar grande parte da demanda por recursos para a implantação de novos produtos deste mercado. / Construction industry, specifically, real state ventures, needs great amount of capital concentrated on a short period of time in order to develop its products, which have a long term payback. For that reason, this sector become dependant on methods that allows the leverage of undertakings, so the entrepreneurs’ resources can be employed on the their core business. Such methods allow this sector to have significant gains in terms of productivity, competitiveness and agility, including also the diminution of its employees’ turnover. The securitization comes across the interests of this sector, as it is a flexible financial resource’s gathering system that conducts to the steering of Brazilian’s savings accounts to the real state market. On this context, the present work introduces the real state ventures securitization, focused on office buildings, as an important tool for the development of this market, as it becomes an attractive investment opportunity when compared with the savings options available on the market. As the Brazilian market is still incipient, the American market, that shows more maturity, will be used as benchmark for projections concerning the securitization’s development on Brazil. This projection, combined with São Paulo’s office building market analysis and the demonstration of the attractiveness of the securities as an investment option, will be used to demonstrate that the securitization is a funding structure that can sustain great part of the capital demand for the development of new ventures on this market.

Os avanços nas tecnologias de informação têm propiciado grandes mudanças no setor da construção civil. Sob o ponto de vista do aumento da competitividade, as empresas de projetos podem ter uma relevante contribuição. A modelagem da informação surgiu como uma tecnologia potencial para estimular a melhoria na qualidade dos projetos e pode ser considerada uma transição significativa na prática de projeto porque é uma mudança de paradigma. As empresas de projeto têm processos internos de gestão característicos ao seu universo os quais moldam a implementação de qualquer nova tecnologia nestas empresas. Ao mesmo tempo as mudanças no processo de projeto de arquitetura também são significativas quando estas empresas adotam a modelagem da informação da construção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar por meio de estudos de caso a implementação e uso da modelagem da informação da construção em empresas de arquitetura. Foram analisados os impactos da implantação da modelagem da informação na gestão das empresas e no processo de projeto de arquitetura. Para atingir os objetivos propostos foram adotadas a revisão bibliográfica e o estudo de casos múltiplos. Os estudos de caso foram acompanhados pelo período aproximado de um ano, em três empresas de projeto de arquitetura. Como resultados percebeu-se que as empresas de arquitetura necessitam de maior capacitação em gestão para que possam se preparar e se beneficiar da adoção de novas tecnologias. A antecipação destas tendências pode colaborar com a manutenção de posições estratégicas ou criar novas oportunidades. A conversão dos desafios em vantagens pode ser fonte de grandes vantagens competitivas. A motivação e a metodologia para a implantação também são fundamentais para garantir o sucesso da implantação. O projeto de arquitetura obtém muitas vantagens, mas o uso de softwares BIM mas requer maior capacitação técnica do arquiteto e uma sólida formação em tecnologia. / Advances in technology of information have led to major changes in the construction sector. With the increase of competitiveness, design firms may have a potential contribution. The building information modelling emerged as a potential technology to encourage improvement in the quality of the projects and can be considered a significant transition in the practice of project because it is a genuine paradigm shift. The design firms have internal management processes which could shape the implementation of any new technology in these companies. At the same time the changes in the architectural design process are also significant when these companies adopt BIM. This study aimed to evaluate through case studies the implementation and use of BIM in design firms. Also, the impacts of the implementation of information modeling in business management and architecture design process were analyzed. To achieve the proposed objectives two main methodologies were adopted: the literature review and multiple case study. The case studies were followed for approximately one year in three design firms. As result it was realized that the architectural design offices need more management training so they can prepare themselves for the benefit of new technologies adoption. The anticipation of these trends may contribute to the maintenance of strategic positions or the creation of new opportunities. The conversion of the challenges in advantages can be sources of great competitive advantages. The motivation and methodology for implementation are also critical to ensure successful deployment. The design gets many advantages with the use of BIM software but requires greater technical skill of the architect professional and a solid background in technology.

The full text of this thesis/dissertation is not available online. Pending permission from the author/supervisor access may be provided on <a href="mailto:upetd@up.ac.za">request.</a> Read the abstract in the section 00front of this document. / Thesis (PhD (New Testament)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / New Testament Studies / unrestricted

In these last days God has spoken his last and most complete word to man in a Son, Jesus Christ. In his person and ministry Christ is the agent of creation and heir of the spiritual and material estate of God. He is the locus of the fulfilment of the revelatory plan of God, and, as such, is superior to the angels, the ministers of salvation within the created order, and Moses, the faithful minister of God's people Israel. Christ not only fulfils the necessary qualification for priesthood under the old covenant, that of divine appointment, but is appointed by God a high priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek. This establishes and authenticates the high priestly office of Christ. Jesus Christ, Iike the high priests of the old covenant, must offer gifts and sacrifices to God. The sacrifice of Christ fulfils the sacrificial code of Leviticus 1-7, his sacrifice being a gift to God, communion with God, and an expiatory sacrifice. But more than this the sacrifice of Christ fulfils the Day of Atonement ritual of Leviticus 16 as well as the covenant sacrifice of Exodus 24. The sacrifice of Christ is essentially once for all, being that unique action which alone can ultimately deal with sin. The uniqueness of Christ's sacrifice depends on the uniqueness of the person of Christ and his superior high priestly office. In his sacrificial action Christ is also the sin-bearer. The high priestly sacrifice of Christ determines the form of the high priestly ministry of Christ, which is also gift to God, communion with God, has expiatory significance, and is a ministry of the new covenant . The high priestly ministry of Christ is a ministry which is continuous through time and is both contemporaneous with and subsequent to his sacrifice. In this continuity through time the ministry of Christ is the foundation of both the faith of believers and their perfection as sons. In the execution of his high priestly ministry Christ is perfected by God through the learning of obedience. The humiliation of Christ and his learning of obedience becomes the foundation of the perfecting of believers. It is as the One who is perfected through suffering that Christ becomes the pioneer of salvation and the pioneer and perfecter of the faith of the people of God. Through faith in Christ the people of God constitute a pilgrim people who, on the basis of Christ's perfection, are themselves perfected and brought to glory. The pilgrim people of God share in the priesthood of Christ and constitute a priesthood of all believers. In their pilgrimage of faith they are to demonstrate their confidence, endurance, obedience, and discipline, and in their running of the race of pilgrimage are to exercise their own ministry as they progress to glory and the sabbath rest of God. The high priesthood of Christ has implications for the common life of the people of God and is at the foundation of our understanding of the Christian life.

Most organisations nowadays want to build offices that are cost effective, but at the same time they forget to consider the impact of IEQ on the occupants’ wellbeing and performance. These offices are equipped with air-conditioners, which may impact negatively on performances if not monitored, controlled and maintained. An occupant’s performance may be accelerated or reduced, based on the effectiveness of IEQ in the office buildings. It is imperative that the employer or management create a work environment that is conducive to the occupants’ needs, so that the occupants may be able to improve their work performance that often yields increased productivity. The main aim of the study was to investigate the efficiency of a building’s Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and how it affects workers with regard to productivity. The objectives of the study were: to determine the level of satisfaction of the occupants in terms of the IEQ, evaluate the effects that the current IEQ of the building has on the productivity of the occupants, and proffer solutions to identified problems so that the building performance can be improved, and similar future buildings can be improved upon in terms of IEQ. Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) was utilised to conduct the evaluation. This will help stakeholders and managements to ensure that past mistakes committed are not repeated in the future buildings. POE analyses IEQ related to Indoor Air Quality (IEQ), thermal comfort, occupant’s satisfaction and occupant performance and productivity. There is a correlation between different indoor parameters of the occupants’ satisfaction, health and productivity at the workplace. For these correlations to complement each other successfully, IEQ factors must be conducive to human wellbeing. Workplace environments are perceived as unsafe and unhygienic. This situation is caused by poor planning of workstations, low indoor air quality, inappropriate lighting in the office, lack of ventilation and insufficient safety measures. In particular, findings of this study demonstrate the low level of occupants’ satisfaction with regard to office buildings in the Country Club Estate, Johannesburg. The results from this study show that POE is perceived to be completely new to occupants of the Country Club Estate. Management or stakeholders have a huge task ahead to address the benefits of implementing POE and to face the consequences if POE is not implemented.

This thesis presents a comprehensive view on the commercial properties market in the Czech Republic and its development in time both before the economic crisis and after its beginning. Author tracks both major segments of commercial properties market -- offices and industrial & logistic properties from the rental as well as investment point of view. The target of the thesis is to characterize commercial properties market, its major actors and branches and to point out the most important differences in impact of the crisis on the two major market segments. The author uses relevant public data as well as own experience based on more than 4 year track record on real estate market. Based on attainable data and own experience, the author predicts also future market development.