How do people construct shared views of what the organization is all about in the international, complex; company? Within a cultural perspective, organizational identity can be tmderstood as organizational members' shared views and definitions of the organization. As people make sense of actions, events, decisions, etc., shared meanings develop which provide organizational members with a sense of organization. Through an ethnographic study in the corporate setting of lKEA I have tried to create an understanding of the processes tluough which organizational identities become constructed across borders. In the study it is shown how organizational members through the processes of sense-making construct collective self-views. By drawing borders against the outside world, mirroring themselves and talking to the self, organizational members come to create definitions of what the organization is all about. In the international, complex organization, these processes take place in different national contexts and in various local spheres of meaning. In order to offset divergent views and differentiation of meanings, managers try to create a global supra-identity through the fabrication of culture. At the same time, however, there is a heterogenization of meanings as predefined meanings from the top are constantly interpreted, rejected, recreated or adopted in the local spheres. Thus, in the complex organization, there are many collective selfviews and multiple identities. The organization, then, is to be Wlderstood as an arbitrary boundary around a set of spheres of meaning that overlap and interact.Index

<p>This is a study about a company in Norrköping, called Stadium AB, and its first steps into the global market. We have studied how the conditions of the company have changed during their expansion. </p><p>This study is not written from the viewpoint of business economics, it is rather a study from a cultural and social studies perspective. </p><p>The study deals with subjects such as the globalization of society, organizational theories and leadership. </p><p>The empiric material consists of Stadium’s staff magazine Tracks, the company’s swedish homepage on the Internet and an interview with Sussi Calås-Jonsson, Chief of the Department of Information at Stadium AB. </p><p>A primary conclusion is that companies like Stadium have to adjust themselves to the demands of the customers. Stadium has chosen to create a “Code of Conduct”, which indicates the company’s standpoint when it comes to environmental issues. It also indicates that fur is no longer used in the company’s products. Another conclusion is that the companies on the global market should be aware of the fact that their outgoing information can be interpreted different in different parts of the World.</p> / <p>Uppsatsen handlar om ett företag i Norrköping, som heter Stadium AB, och dess väg ut på den globala marknaden. Vi har studerat hur företagets förutsättningar har förändrats i takt med deras expansion. </p><p>Då uppsatser av detta slag oftast skrivits ur ett företagsekonomiskt perspektiv, har vi valt att belysa våra frågeställningar ur ett kultur- och samhällsperspektiv. Viktiga begrepp som tas upp i uppsatsen är globalisering, organisationsteori och ledarskap. </p><p>Det empiriska materialet består av Stadiums personaltidning Tracks, företagets svenska hemsida på Internet samt en intervju med Sussi Calås-Jonsson, informationschef på Stadium AB. </p><p>En viktig slutsats är att företag som Stadium är/blir tvungna att anpassa sig efter kundernas krav. Stadium har valt att skapa en ”Code of Conduct”, som innebär att företaget tar ställning för miljön och att de inte använder päls i sina produkter. En annan viktig slutsats är att företagen på den globala marknaden bör vara medvetna om att information som skickas ut kan uppfattas olika i olika delar av världen. </p>

Notre thèse vise à montrer que les résistants au changement peuvent être considérés comme des parties prenantes à part entière du processus d’apprentissage organisationnel, notamment lorsqu’on considère les apports pour l’entreprise de leurs réactions de défense de l’identité. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous suivons une démarche qualitative du type théorisation ancrée-nuancée (Paillé, 1996). Notre recherche associe donc un cadre conceptuel préliminaire à une étude empirique inductive pour élaborer un modèle schématisant les phénomènes associés aux apports des comportements de résistance. Notre revue de littérature permet d’abord d’envisager le changement à travers son impact sur l’identité organisationnelle (Corley et Gioia, 2004). Ensuite, nous prenons en compte les capacités des résistances à transformer significativement l’entreprise dans le temps (Courpasson et al., 2012). Enfin, nous développons une approche cognitive du changement qui nous amène à considérer les résistants pour leur participation à la diversité des points de vue à l’intérieur de l’entreprise. Issues d’un journal de bord, de 42 entretiens semi-directifs et d’une analyse documentaire, nos données permettent de comprendre comment le changement s’enracine progressivement dans l’organisation et comment les résistants participent à ce processus. Ainsi, notre analyse inductive aboutit à un modèle à deux niveaux. Le premier décrit le changement organisationnel radical à travers un cheminement par trois phases d’initiation, d’accentuation et d’enracinement. Nous nous intéressons notamment aux influences de l’identité organisationnelle, de ses dissonances avec des logiques identitaires alternatives et de l’implication des salariés dans l’ajustement du changement pour montrer comment ce cheminement aboutit à l’émergence d’apprentissages individuels et organisationnels associés à une gouvernance cognitive. Le deuxième niveau de modélisation se focalise sur les rôles des résistants dans ce cheminement. Il montre que les résistants sont des parties prenantes des étapes clés du changement et qu’ils permettent à l’entreprise d’évoluer progressivement vers l’idéal-type d’organisation apprenante. Nous proposons également une typologie de résistants (Oubliés, Suiveurs, Salariés émergents, Nouveaux rebelles) qui permet d’aborder la diversité des implications positives des comportements de résistance. / Our thesis aims to demonstrate that resistant individuals can be integrated as real stakeholders of the organizational learning process. This integration is possible when the consequences of their identity defense mechanisms for the organization are taken into account. To achieve this goal, our qualitative study follows a semi-grounded theory approach. This approach combines a preliminary theoretical framework and inductive empirical data to elaborate a model showing some positive contributions of resistance. Our research first addresses change through its impact on organizational identity (Corley & Gioia, 2004). Then, it considers how resisting activities can achieve significant organizational change (Courpasson et al., 2012). Finally, it develops a cognitive approach of change that brings us to consider resisting behaviors for their participation in the diversity of points of view inside the organization. Based on logbook extractions, 42 semi-directive interviews and a documentary analysis, our data provide a better understanding of how change takes root in the organization and how resistant individuals participate in this process. Thus, this inductive study results in a two-level model. The first level shows radical organizational change as a three-steps process: initiation, accentuation and rooting. In particular, we focus on organizational identity, its dissonances with alternative identity-related logics and the employees’ implication in the adjustment of change. This process results in the emergence of individual and organizational learning associated to a cognitive governance. The second level details the roles of the resistant individuals in this process. It shows that they can be real stakeholders of the key stages of change. In so doing, they allow the company to evolve towards the ideal of learning organization. We also propose a typology of resistant individuals (Forgotten, Followers, Emergent, New rebels), which allows us to develop some positive implications of resistance.

This research aims to show the organizational changes and forms of social intervention that have been assumed by NGOs that were founded in Peru between the 60s and 80s. Since 1990 these NGOs have undergone a series of changes, mainly these have been given in the development discourses that guide their projects, in the type of relations that they establish with key actors to execute them and in the way to finance their operation. It will be noted that in the field of international and local development the rules of the game for NGOs are modified: the central State and the business sector acquire a greater presence in the promotion of development projects / There is a greater orientation to the market and selling services based on efficient management / And there is a context of reduction of funds coming from international cooperation agencies. This will generate the emergence of strategic roles as a way to respond to these changes in the institutional environment. It will be noted that, although strategies have been modified and new approaches are used - linked to human development, gender, environment, governance, among others - the meaning of NGOs’ foundational social action remain in force: working with vulnerable and excluded populations. / Esta investigación pretende mostrar los cambios organizacionales y las formas de intervención social que han venido asumiendo las ONG fundadas en el Perú entre las décadas de 1960 y 1980. A partir de 1990, estas ONG han sufrido una serie de cambios, principalmente en los discursos de desarrollo que orientan sus proyectos, en el tipo de relaciones que establecen con actores claves para ejecutarlos y en la manera de financiar su funcionamiento. Se observará que en el ámbito del desarrollo internacional y local se modifican las reglas del juego para las ONG: el Estado central y el sector empresarial incrementan su presencia en la promoción de proyectos de desarrollo / hay una mayor orientación al mercado y a la venta de servicios basados en una gestión eficiente / en un contexto de reducción de fondos provenientes de agencias de cooperación internacional. Esto generará el surgimiento de roles estratégicos como una manera de responder a estos cambios en el entorno institucional. Se notará que, si bien las estrategias se han modificado y utilizan nuevos enfoques —ligados al desarrollo humano, el género, medio ambiente, gobernabilidad, entre otros—, el sentido y significado de la acción social fundacional de las ONG se mantienen vigentes: el trabajo con poblaciones vulnerables y excluidas.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-06T13:49:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacadinelli@gmail.com.pdf: 5181287 bytes, checksum: 69165ad41312cdffc51be3d482a3de23 (MD5) / Rejected by Fabíola Rubim (fabiola.rubim@ufjf.edu.br), reason: on 2017-07-19T12:55:58Z (GMT) / Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-11T15:28:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacadinellicruzeiro.pdf: 5181287 bytes, checksum: 69165ad41312cdffc51be3d482a3de23 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-14T17:12:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacadinellicruzeiro.pdf: 5181287 bytes, checksum: 69165ad41312cdffc51be3d482a3de23 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-14T17:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacadinellicruzeiro.pdf: 5181287 bytes, checksum: 69165ad41312cdffc51be3d482a3de23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / A proposta da dissertação é compreender a articulação da tríade Identidade Organizacional – Facebook – Educação por meio da análise dos elementos e estratégias do Instituto Metodista Granbery em sua Fan Page, espaço onde almeja estreitar os vínculos com seus públicos de interesse e alavancar reputação pelo relacionamento online. Observa-se a pertinência da hipótese de que o Facebook, a rede social mais acessada no mundo, se consolida atualmente como expressivo canal de comunicação de uma organização com seus stakeholders, sendo palco de negociação de identidades, construção de percepções e uma grande cadeia de influências a partir das opiniões e experiências do outro. Entre o imenso alcance e as possibilidades de segmentação, a rede social demanda uma nova postura das instituições para serem capazes de agregar conteúdo nessa era do compartilhamento, e ao mesmo tempo manter o alinhamento com sua identidade. Quando se trata se uma organização centenária, religiosa, e da área educacional, o desafio em equilibrar tradição e modernidade pode ser ainda maior. Neste sentido, trabalha-se a questão da identidade inicialmente e, em seguida, o conceito é deslocado ao âmbito organizacional, juntamente à imagem e reputação. No percurso, traz-se reflexões atuais sobre a gestão do Facebook sob o olhar da comunicação, além do panorama das novas gerações que ocupam as cadeiras escolares. Por meio das metodologias de Etnografia Virtual e Análise de Conteúdo, e da técnica Entrevista em Profundidade, busca-se compreender o processo de imersão da instituição de ensino no território interativo, bem como os desafios e resultados alcançados. / The aim of this work is to understand the articulation of the triad Organizational Identity – Facebook – Education through the analysis of the elements and strategies of the Instituto Metodista Granbery on its Fan Page, where it intends to get closer to its public and enhance its reputation by means of online relationship. We observe the relevance of the hypothesis that Facebook, the most accessed social network in the world, is now consolidated as an expressive communication channel for an organization with its stakeholders, a space of identities negotiation, elaboration of perceptions and a great chain of influences from the impressions and experiences of the other. Among the vast reach and the segmentation opportunities, the social network demand a new attitude of the institutions to be able to aggregate content in this age of sharing, while maintaining alignment with its identity. When it comes to a religious century-old organization, and of the educational area, the challenge of balancing tradition and modernity can be even greater. Thereby, we work the identity issue initially and then the concept is shifted to the organizational level, along with the image and reputation. The route includes current reflections on the management of Facebook from the perspective of communications, and the panorama of the new generations that occupy the school chairs. Through methodologies as Virtual Ethnography and Content, and the technique Interview Analysis in Depth, we seek to understand the immersion process of the educational institution on interactive territory, as well as the challenges and achievements.

This study investigates the personal experience of newly appointed chief executives in transitioning into the CEO role. Adopting an exploratory qualitative design, data was obtained from two semi-structured interviews with 19 newly appointed chief executives, for a total of 38 interviews. The main contribution of this thesis to the extant literature is to show the ways in which CEOs go through an identity construction process when transitioning into the role, which is characterized in two ways. First, there exists a bi-directionality of influence between the personal identity of the CEO and the organizational identity. Second, this process comprises strong identity demands (lack of specificity of the role and weak situation) and identity tensions (personal identity intrusion and identity transparency) that dispose new CEOs towards an unbalance that promotes individuality. This disequilibrium might hinder the integration of new chief executives into the organization, since the data suggests that new CEOs are responsible for fostering their own integration by connecting aspects of their personal identity with the identity and culture of the organization. The thesis offers a theoretical model of the CEO identity construction process and concludes with a series of propositions that address the ramifications of these findings to our understanding of CEO succession.

Stakeholder demands on corporations to take environmental responsibilities are increasing and an environmentally responsible image could add values such as competitive advantage and a better reputation. To create a favorable image the corporation needs to develop a strong and sincere environmental identity that involves the whole organization. The identity is the way that the organization perceives itself and its self-expression and an environmental identity is one of the multiple identities that an organization can have. Communication is important both internally for establishing the identity and externally to create an environmentally responsible image. The organizational members need to be informed and involved in the responsibilities that the corporation is taken to be able to communicate them further to important external stakeholder groups. This thesis connects theories on corporate and organizational identities with organizational communication, culture and image to explain how the environmental identity and image is constructed. A case study has been conducted on a large Swedish company in the building and property management industry, Riksbyggen. The empirical material has mainly been gathered from interviews and also from participant observations. Nineteen employees and one consultant involved in the environmental communication process were interviewed individually or in focus group. The results showed that the case study organization had created a strong corporate environmental identity with clear visions and symbolic representations. However, the organizational environmental identity where the organizational members identify with the environmental activities was not yet developed fully. One reason behind this is the lack of dialogue opportunities in the organization, which means that the corporate identity is communicated from a top-down perspective. An environmentally responsible image was not established at organizational level either, even if some local initiatives had been successful.

Planned change and change-related communication are perceived very differently by the members of an organization. Strongly varying perceptions of new tasks, work processes and goals make joint action difficult and cause the failure of many change initiatives. The purpose of this study is to investigate how internal communication and sensemaking processes contribute to the perception of strategic change among the members of a public service organization. The following questions are answered: How does the management plan and perform internal communication during a strategic change of the Swedish public service television company Sveriges Television (SVT)? How do the members of the organization make sense of a strategic change and the internal communication related to the changes that are planned and carried out? A social constructivist perspective combined with theories of sensemaking, communication, social identities, roles, groups, power and status constitutes the analytical framework. The investigation is designed as two case studies of the SVT production facilities in Malmö and Örebro. The empirical material consists mainly of personal interviews. Written documents and observations have also been used. The case studies took place between 2002 and 2004. Some main conclusions are as follows: 1) Internal communication is central for how members of an organization make sense of, and participate in, major change. Yet, not even in ideal communication situations do the employees experience that the information has been sufficient and that they have been included in the change process. There are thus reasons for more balanced expectations of what is possible to achieve with internal communication during strategic change. 2) The most influential factor determining how people make sense of change-related communication is the practical everyday reality that constitutes their frames of reference. The reluctance to consider, and act upon, how other individuals conceive of a situation leads to misdirected internal communication and gaps of understanding. 3) Organizational identities, group membership, roles and status function as frames of reference when employees make sense of changes. But irrespective of whether the changes take place on an organizational, departmental or group level, personal identities are the most influential frames of reference for interpreting organizational change. The investigation thus establishes an order of precedence for frames of reference that has important implications for internal communication during strategic change. The thesis contributes to sensemaking theories by demonstrating their extensive ability to explain mutually related phenomena, such as attention, resistance and self-fulfilling prophecies. The apparent ability to explain basically all sensemaking-related issues in organizations, and thus leading to reductionism, is also concluded to be one of the weaknesses of the theories. By connecting sensemaking theories with roles, social identities and power, the study contributes to clarifying the frame concept.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the construction of Nordic and organizational identities performed by the libraries of two Nordic cultural institutions: the Nordic Culture Point in Helsinki, Finland, and the Nordic House in Reykjavik, Iceland. To do this, three main methods were used: (a) Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis was employed to interpret the institutions’ self-representations, (b) the topics of debates and talks organized by the institutions were analysed and (c) interviews were performed with librarians currently working at these libraries. The results show that the institutions are (re)presented as two separate units rather than two parts of the same organization. The Nordic Culture Point is more explicitly connected to the Nordic Council of Ministers while the Nordic House presents itself as an iconic building in a marketing manner. The institutions are affected by politically defined themes and values, which permeate their events. The most common themes for talks and debates were literature, environmental issues or sustainable development, and politics. Even though there is a clear influence from political strategy documents, many topics with little or no connection to these documents were found. In addition, the literature selection processes at these libraries do not seem to be largely affected by politically defined priorities, based on the librarians’ views. According to the librarians who were interviewed, the aim of the Nordic libraries is to offer literature in the Nordic languages that would otherwise be difficult to access, gather this literature in one location, and promote interest in the Nordic region. While they agree that the main point of reference for the Nordic libraries is public libraries, the librarians differ on the role digital technology should play in the library. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

The interpretation an individual does as an organizational member is complex. This studyfocuses on the meaning that arises when an individual interprets their organization through theopinions of others. The importance of other people's perceptions of the organization has thusfar seen a low degree of sociological research. However, this study intends to contribute to suchresearch. The purpose of this study is to understand how external perceptions of one's ownorganization become part of an organizational member’s identity, as well as the importance ofthese external perceptions in the organizational member’s relationship with the organizationand external actors. The study takes a qualitative approach, and the results are based on semistructuredinterviews with informants working in different positions in the Swedish bankingsector. The theoretical frameworks used in this study consist of Tom J. Brown et al. and thetheory of organizational identity, Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus, and the forms of capitalcombined with Howard Becker's Commitment theory, and finally Erving Goffman'sdramaturgical perspective. The results show that the most crucial aspect for the informants tostay in an organization is the social contacts and networks they receive from their organizationalmembership. Thus, the perceptions of external actors' regarding the organization have littlebearing on the perceived commitment of the informants. Furthermore, it appears that theinformants in interactions with others find their financial knowledge to be highly valued by thepublic, despite a perceived negative attitude towards the sector. The study finds this to beimportant for the impression management, and role-taking informants undertake in interactions.Lastly, it seems that the habitus has a central purpose in understanding the meaning informantsplace in other people's perceptions of the organization, both regarding commitment andinteractions. / Det tolkande som en individ gör i egenskap av organisationsmedlem är komplext och dennastudie riktar in sig på den mening som uppstår när en individ tolkar sin organisation i utifrånandras uppfattningar. Betydelsen av andras uppfattningar om organisationen har hittills sett enlåg grad av sociologiskt inriktad forskning och det är något som denna studie ämnar bidra med.Syftet med denna studie är att få förståelse för hur externa uppfattningar av den egnaorganisationen blir del av en organisationsmedlems identitet, samt betydelsen av dessa externauppfattningar i organisationsmedlemmens relation till organisationen och externa aktörer.Resultatet av denna kvalitativa studie baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med informantersom arbetar på olika positioner inom den svenska bankbranschen. Det teoretiska ramverk somhar använts i studien är Tom J. Brown m.fl. och teorin kring organisationsidentitet, PierreBourdieus habitusbegrepp och kapitalformer i relation till Howard Beckers teori om åtagande,och slutligen Erving Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv. Resultatet visar att den viktigasteaspekten till att informanterna stannar kvar i organisationer är de sociala kontakter och nätverkde får. Därför kan man se att externa aktörers uppfattningar om organisationen har litenbetydelse för informanternas upplevda åtagande. Det framkommer även att informanterna iinteraktioner upplever deras finansiella kunskap som högt värderad av allmänheten, trots enupplevd negativ inställning till branschen som helhet. Detta konstateras ha betydelse för denintrycksstyrning och det rolltagande informanterna gör i interaktioner. Avslutningsvis,framläggs det även att habitus verkar ha en central roll i att förstå betydelsen som informanternalägger i andras uppfattningar om organisationen, både gällande åtagande och i interaktion.