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All stories stem from two setups: a stranger came to town or someone went on a journey. For me, these stories are not an either/or situation but a both/and. I was born, along with my older brother, in my mother's hometown of Buckhannon, West Virginia. My childhood was spent in my father's homeland of Poland. My missionary parents moved back to America in 1996 when my grandmother, on my mother's side, died. As a stranger, I journeyed south to Florida with my family. I call Orlando home, after living here for a dozen years. My story is how I journeyed with my family as a boy from Poland to America and along the way felt tugged by both my parents' heritages. I considered my homeland strange, but took root as a man in the States. The unknown became familiar. When I entered college, half my life had been spent in Florida, in a balance with my childhood in Poland. Now the majority of my life has been spent here in Florida. Narrative poetry is a self-investment on the page. A collection of such poetry is as close to memoir. I tell my life story in these poems: I chronicle my change from a stranger to a local in this collection, highlighting my international experience, and explaining how home is three different places: Buckhannon, Warsaw, and Orlando.

La thèse est née de la possibilité qui nous a été donnée d’analyser en exclusivité une partie des travaux inédits du critique italien et théoricien de la littérature, Francesco Orlando (1934- 2010), qui portent sur le thème de l’invention littéraire. Les perspectives contenues dans ces inédits, dûment contextualisées, sont autant de contributions au débat sur les instruments et les méthodes de recherche dans le domaine critico-thématique. Cette matière première, qui se compose de fiches de notes et d’un corpus consistant de leçons et d’interventions intégralement enregistrés à l’aide d’un appareil audio, permet de grands développements interprétatifs; elle se prête parfaitement à une recherche qui a pour point de départ le cadre de la proposition théorique et s’ouvre ensuite, dans une seconde phase de notre travail, à l’application des résultats à l’analyse comparée des œuvres de deux auteurs de la littérature italienne, Walter Siti, et française, Michel Houellebecq, que rapprochent d’importantes convergences aussi bien thématiques, formelles que du point de vue des figures utilisées. / The thesis considers previously unpublished works by Italian literary critic and theoretician Francesco Orlando (1934-2010) concerning the subject of literary invention. The ideas expressed in these works, with due contextualization, provide interesting contributions in the debate about methodologies and tools of research in the field of thematic criticism. The material I consider consists in notes and in the audio tapes of a consistent corpus of lectures and conferences, and leaves room for further interpretative developments. My research considers Orlando’s material as a theoretical frame for an analysis of Italian author Walter Siti and French author Michel Houellebecq, who share important common features both thematically and stylistically.

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A complexidade na implantação de processos seguros para o manejo dos resíduos biológicos em diversas classes de riscos, conforme a Resolução RDC no. 306/2004 ANVISA, é um desafio para administrações públicas e Unidades de Serviços de Saúde (USS) do país. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o atual manejo destes resíduos, em particular os da classe de risco A4. A pesquisa tem caráter exploratório e qualitativo consistindo de revisão bibliográfica do estado da arte sobre o tema e de levantamento de dados. A coleta das informações foi realizada em Unidades de Serviços de Saúde (USS); órgãos ambientais; nas visitas técnicas em empresas tratadoras de resíduos; em gerenciadores de aterros sanitários; e através de entrevistas com especialistas no assunto. A título de exemplo, dois casos sobre o manejo dos resíduos biológicos foram estudados: no Rio de Janeiro (RJ) e em Orlando (Flórida - USA). A relevância da pesquisa está na constatação das mudanças em andamento no setor de saneamento no país, como o passo importante que esta sendo dado com a aprovação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Para se atingir melhores indicadores de saúde e meio ambiente, torna-se imprescindível o gerenciamento integrado dos resíduos com a incorporação de métodos, técnicas e abordagens atuais. Quanto aos resíduos biológicos, existe aqui uma tendência em se adotar o modelo americano, mais rígido, que considera vários resíduos, comuns para nós, como sendo infectantes, e não separa estes resíduos biológicos em classes, colocando-os todos no mesmo grau de risco. Para a realidade brasileira tal rigidez de conceitos aumenta o risco no manejo para todos os envolvidos na cadeia e o custo da operação como um todo, tornando-a impraticável na maior parte do país. No Brasil a gestão inadequada dos resíduos em muitas USS e a grande quantidade de lixões existentes, com a presença de catadores de materiais recicláveis, são processos inseguros e para melhorar este quadro, é fundamental a implementação da PNRS. Nossa legislação se mostra eficiente, mas necessitamos de maior monitoramento e avaliação, e uma consequente ação educativa. Em complemento deve haver maior determinação de responsabilidades, aplicação de punições e empreender reformas substanciais nas áreas de educação e saúde pública. Espera-se que este trabalho contribua com a construção de um modelo de manejo adequado dos resíduos biológicos, sobretudo os de classe A4, de forma mais sustentável e segura. Para estudos futuros, indica-se uma avaliação estratégica sobre a sustentabilidade técnica e econômica do modelo de gerenciamento destes resíduos a ser realizada em contexto mais amplo. Para tal, recomenda-se a extensão da pesquisa a outros estados da federação, assim como o acompanhamento das tendências mundiais para classificação dos riscos dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde e de sua destinação mais adequada, principalmente em países com realidades semelhantes à nossa. / The complexity in implementing reliable procedures for the management of biological waste in several different risk classes, according to Resolution RDC number 306/ ANVISA has become a challenge not only for government departments, but also for the Health Service Units (USS, in Portuguese). The goal of this research is to critically evaluate the current management of these wastes, particularly A4-risk class residues. This research is of investigative and qualitative nature, and consists in a literature review on the state-of-the-art that surrounds the subject, as well as data gathering. This data gathering was performed in USS, environmental agencies, conference proceedings, theses and dissertations, as well as in books and documents, survey data in health care, landfill managers and interviews with subject matter experts. As highlighted examples, two biological residue management cases were studied: in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro State) and in Orlando, USA (Florida State). The relevance of this work is due to the verification of necessary changes in the countrys waste management sector. An important milestone was established with the adoption of the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS). In order to obtain better health and environmental indicators, it is crucial to incorporate methods, techniques and current approaches to integrated waste management. As for the biological residues of USS, there is a tendency in Brazil of adopting the American model, one that does not differentiate these biological residues in classes of risk as we do. The adopted solutions in Brazil are not always safe and efficient, such as the inadequate waste management in several USS and the great number of existing landfills in which recyclable material collectors roam. In order to upgrade this scenario, it is of utmost importance to effectively install PNRS. Also, a better study of responsibilities, duties and penalties, more clearly determined and with a strictly technical approach needs to be established. Substantial reforms in education and public health are to be endeavored. We hope to contribute in the building of an adequate model for waste management, chiefly the ones of A4-class, in a more sustainable and safer way. For future studies, a strategic evaluation over the technical and economic sustainability of the waste management model in a broader scenario is suggested. For such, the research should be extended to other states in Brazil, as well as a proper follow-up on world tendencies for classifying hazards associated with health services waste and its proper disposal, especially in countries that share a similar reality with Brazil.

L’univers médiéval tient une place importante dans la culture poétique italienne du XVème au XVIIIème siècle. Emblèmes de cet univers, les poèmes épiques de l’Arioste et du Tasse, imités de ceux d’Homère, promeuvent les histoires les plus populaires des théâtres italiens des XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles. L’écriture du Moyen Âge dans l’opéra, entre 1690 et 1730, montre une diversité des esthétiques et des figures poétiques et dramatiques. Grâce à l’Accademia dell’Arcadia, la rénovation du livret ouvre de nouvelles perspectives à son exploitation, que développera Zeno contrairement à Metastasio. En s’appuyant sur la tragédie française, celle-ci lie étroitement art poétique et musical. L’air symbolise ce point de rencontre des affects et de leur représentation musicale. Il contribue à la célébrité de l’Artaserse (1730) de Vinci et celui de Hasse. Ces opéras précipitent le déclin des sujets médiévaux et laissent la place à un nouveau modèle lyrique. / Medieval universe took an important place in the Italian poetic culture from the 16th to the 18th century. Emblems of this universe, Ariosto and Tasso’s epic poems, imitated of Homer’s, upgraded to most popular histories of the Italians theatres of the 17th and 18th centuries. The Middle Ages’ representation in Opera between 1690 and 1730, showed a diversity of esthetics but dramatic and poetic figures too. Thanks to the Accademia dell’Arcadia, the renovation of the libretto led to consider new prospects of its exploitation. Zeno developed the new vision of Middle Ages contrary to Metastasio. Supporting by French tragedy, this renovation unified with strength poetical and musical art. The aria symbolized the meeting point of affects and their musical representations. It contributed to the celebrity of Vinci’s and Hasse’s Artaserse (1730). These two operas hastened the decline of medieval subjects and installed a new lyric model.

A complexidade na implantação de processos seguros para o manejo dos resíduos biológicos em diversas classes de riscos, conforme a Resolução RDC no. 306/2004 ANVISA, é um desafio para administrações públicas e Unidades de Serviços de Saúde (USS) do país. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o atual manejo destes resíduos, em particular os da classe de risco A4. A pesquisa tem caráter exploratório e qualitativo consistindo de revisão bibliográfica do estado da arte sobre o tema e de levantamento de dados. A coleta das informações foi realizada em Unidades de Serviços de Saúde (USS); órgãos ambientais; nas visitas técnicas em empresas tratadoras de resíduos; em gerenciadores de aterros sanitários; e através de entrevistas com especialistas no assunto. A título de exemplo, dois casos sobre o manejo dos resíduos biológicos foram estudados: no Rio de Janeiro (RJ) e em Orlando (Flórida - USA). A relevância da pesquisa está na constatação das mudanças em andamento no setor de saneamento no país, como o passo importante que esta sendo dado com a aprovação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Para se atingir melhores indicadores de saúde e meio ambiente, torna-se imprescindível o gerenciamento integrado dos resíduos com a incorporação de métodos, técnicas e abordagens atuais. Quanto aos resíduos biológicos, existe aqui uma tendência em se adotar o modelo americano, mais rígido, que considera vários resíduos, comuns para nós, como sendo infectantes, e não separa estes resíduos biológicos em classes, colocando-os todos no mesmo grau de risco. Para a realidade brasileira tal rigidez de conceitos aumenta o risco no manejo para todos os envolvidos na cadeia e o custo da operação como um todo, tornando-a impraticável na maior parte do país. No Brasil a gestão inadequada dos resíduos em muitas USS e a grande quantidade de lixões existentes, com a presença de catadores de materiais recicláveis, são processos inseguros e para melhorar este quadro, é fundamental a implementação da PNRS. Nossa legislação se mostra eficiente, mas necessitamos de maior monitoramento e avaliação, e uma consequente ação educativa. Em complemento deve haver maior determinação de responsabilidades, aplicação de punições e empreender reformas substanciais nas áreas de educação e saúde pública. Espera-se que este trabalho contribua com a construção de um modelo de manejo adequado dos resíduos biológicos, sobretudo os de classe A4, de forma mais sustentável e segura. Para estudos futuros, indica-se uma avaliação estratégica sobre a sustentabilidade técnica e econômica do modelo de gerenciamento destes resíduos a ser realizada em contexto mais amplo. Para tal, recomenda-se a extensão da pesquisa a outros estados da federação, assim como o acompanhamento das tendências mundiais para classificação dos riscos dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde e de sua destinação mais adequada, principalmente em países com realidades semelhantes à nossa. / The complexity in implementing reliable procedures for the management of biological waste in several different risk classes, according to Resolution RDC number 306/ ANVISA has become a challenge not only for government departments, but also for the Health Service Units (USS, in Portuguese). The goal of this research is to critically evaluate the current management of these wastes, particularly A4-risk class residues. This research is of investigative and qualitative nature, and consists in a literature review on the state-of-the-art that surrounds the subject, as well as data gathering. This data gathering was performed in USS, environmental agencies, conference proceedings, theses and dissertations, as well as in books and documents, survey data in health care, landfill managers and interviews with subject matter experts. As highlighted examples, two biological residue management cases were studied: in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro State) and in Orlando, USA (Florida State). The relevance of this work is due to the verification of necessary changes in the countrys waste management sector. An important milestone was established with the adoption of the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS). In order to obtain better health and environmental indicators, it is crucial to incorporate methods, techniques and current approaches to integrated waste management. As for the biological residues of USS, there is a tendency in Brazil of adopting the American model, one that does not differentiate these biological residues in classes of risk as we do. The adopted solutions in Brazil are not always safe and efficient, such as the inadequate waste management in several USS and the great number of existing landfills in which recyclable material collectors roam. In order to upgrade this scenario, it is of utmost importance to effectively install PNRS. Also, a better study of responsibilities, duties and penalties, more clearly determined and with a strictly technical approach needs to be established. Substantial reforms in education and public health are to be endeavored. We hope to contribute in the building of an adequate model for waste management, chiefly the ones of A4-class, in a more sustainable and safer way. For future studies, a strategic evaluation over the technical and economic sustainability of the waste management model in a broader scenario is suggested. For such, the research should be extended to other states in Brazil, as well as a proper follow-up on world tendencies for classifying hazards associated with health services waste and its proper disposal, especially in countries that share a similar reality with Brazil.

Orlando di Lasso is regarded as one of the great polyphonic masters of the Renaissance. An international composer of both sacred and secular music, his sacred works have always held an important place in the choral repertory. Especially significant are Lasso's Parody Masses, which comprise the majority of settings in this genre. The "Missa Ad Imitatiomem Moduli Doulce Memoire" and its model, the chanson "Doulce Memoire" by Sandrin, have been selected as the subject of this lecture recital. In the course of this study, the two works have been compared and analyzed, focusing on the exact material which has been borrowed from the chanson. In addition to the borrowed material, the longer movements, especially the Gloria and the Credo, exhibit considerable free material. This will be considered in light of its relation to the parody sections. Chapter One gives an introduction to the subject of musical parody with definitions of parody by several contemporary authors. In addition, several writers of the sixteenth century, including Vicentino, Zarlino, Ponzio, and Cerone are mentioned. Chapter Two relates biographical information on Lasso and gives a brief summary of his compositions. Attention is given to the number and type of Parody Masses by Lasso. Chapter Three discusses Sandrin and the chanson model, "Doulce Memoire." The original French text, an English translation, and form of the chanson are given. Chapter Four gives a detailed analysis of the "Missa Doulce Memoire" illustrating the use of borrowed material on specific sections of the Mass. The free sections of the Mass are discussed and compared with the parody sections. Other compositional devices, such as text painting, varied textures, and coloration are also mentioned. In Chapter Five, the "Missa Doulce Memoire" is compared to Lasso's other parody works and conclusions will be drawn concerning the composer's choice of material and treatment of the text, especially with regard to the free sections, the place of the Parody Mass in Lasso's ouevre. and their place in the modern choral repertory.