Several studies have assessed the effects of intermittent hypoxia-normoxia training (IHNT), intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia training (IHHT), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on aging and age-related diseases in humans; however, the results remain contradictory. Therefore, this review aims to systematically summarize the available studies on the effects of IHNT, IHHT, and OSA on aging and age-related diseases. Relevant studies were searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library databases, and through manual searching from reference lists of eligible studies. A total of 38 eligible studies were included in this systematic review. IHHT and IHNT provide positive effects on several age-related parameters including quality of life, cognitive and physical functions, plasma level of glucose and cholesterol/LDL, systolic blood pressure, red blood cells, and inflammation. Moreover, moderate intermittent hypoxia induces telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity and telomere stabilization, delays induction of senescence-associated markers expression and senescence-associated b-galactosidase, upregulates pluripotent marker (Oct4), activates a metabolic shift, and raises resistance to pro-apoptotic stimuli. On the contrary, intermittent hypoxia in OSA causes hypertension, metabolic syndrome, vascular function impairment, quality of life and cognitive scores reduction, advanced brain aging, increase in insulin resistance, plasma hydrogen peroxide, GSH, IL-6, hsCRP, leptin, and leukocyte telomere shortening. Thus, it can be speculated that the main factor that determines the direction of the intermittent hypoxia action is the intensity and duration of exposure. There is no direct study to prove that IHNT/IHHT actually increases life expectancy in humans. Therefore, further study is needed to investigate the actual effect of IHNT/IHHT on aging in humans.

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No description available.

Στόχος αυτής της εργασίας είναι να εισάγει τον αναγνώστη στις διεπαφές Parlay/OSA με απλό και συνοπτικό τρόπο. Οι διεπαφές Parlay/OSA είναι ένα σύνολο προγραμματιστικών διεπαφών που επιτρέπουν στους ανεξάρτητους προμηθευτές υπηρεσιών να δημιουργήσουν τηλεπικοινωνιακές υπηρεσίες. Οι διεπαφές περιλαμβάνουν εκτος των άλλων : το κομμάτι του ελέγχου της κλήσης, το κομμάτι της αλληλεπίδρασης με το χρήστη,το κομμάτι του εντοπισμού του χρήστη, καθώς και το κομμάτι της χρέωσης και τον λογιστικών πράξεων. Οι Parlay/OSA διεπαφές είναι πρότυπα των ETSI και 3GPP. Το πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας είναι μια εισαγωγή στο πληροφοριακό μοντέλο του Parlay/OSA. Στην συνέχεια αναλύουμε την λειτουργικότητα των API καθώς και τον τυπικό τρόπο λειτουργίας τους. Τέλος περιγράφονται δύο εφαρμογές όπου φαίνεται η χρήση και ο τρόπος λειτουργίας των διεπαφών. / The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the reader to the Parlay/OSA interfaces in a simple manner. Parlay/OSA interfaces are a set of programmable interfaces that enable third party service providers create telecommunication services. Parlay/Osa interfaces are ETSI and 3GPP models. The first part of this thesis is an introduction to Parlay/OSA APIs. After that, the APIs' functionality is described. Finally, two sample applications are described to show the use and functionality of the interfaces.

Reciprocitet handlar om ett ömsesidigt utbytesmönster i ett givande och tagande mellan två aktörer. Reciprocitet har använts för att förklara sociala sammanhang mellan individer, men har inte undersökts i relation mellan arbetsliv och hälsa. Syftet med denna studie blev därför att undersöka reciprocitet i relation till hälsa, med utgångspunkt i stöd från kollegor och stöd från närmaste chef. Undersökningens design baseras på en kvantitativ metod utifrån färdiginsamlade mikrodata från Eurofounds undersökning om arbetsvillkor (EuropeanWorking Conditions Survey, EWCS) där endast Sverige undersöks. Resultatet visar på att ju högre grad av reciprocitet individens känner i arbetslivet, desto bättre hälsa har denna. Reciprocitet visades ha självständig påverkan på individens hälsa i arbetslivet oberoende av stöd från verken kollegor eller chef, krav, kontroll, klasstillhörighet, kön osv. Resultaten visar därför på att reciprocitet spelar roll för individens hälsa i arbetslivssituationer och bör således forskas mer kring i kommande forskning.

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη εφαρμογής για λειτουργικό σύστημα Android, για την ανίχνευση της υπνικής άπνοιας. Αρχικά μελετάται η υπνική άπνοια σαν υπνική διαταραχή, οι διάφορες κατηγορίες της, συμπτώματά της και οι τρόποι θεραπείας της. Στη συνέχεια γίνεται αναφορά στις φορητές ηλεκτρονικές συσκευές για τη διάγνωση αυτής της ασθένειας καθώς και τα βασικά κριτήρια που πρέπει να πληρούν οι συσκευές αυτές, όπως αυτά διαμορφώθηκαν από διεθνείς οργανισμούς που ασχολούνται με την μελέτη των ασθενειών του ύπνου. Έπειτα παρουσιάζεται το λειτουργικό σύστημα Android, αναλύεται η αρχιτεκτονική του καθώς και η αρχιτεκτονική των εφαρμογών που Η υπνική άπνοιααναπτύσσονται για αυτό το λογισμικό. Παρουσιάζεται η πλατφόρμα ανάπτυξης Eclipse καθώς και οι επιπρόσθετες δυνατότητες που αποκτά με την προσθήκη του πακέτου Android SDK. Τέλος παρουσιάζονται βασικά παραδείγματα εφαρμογών ώστε να μπορεί ο αναγνώστης να εξοικειωθεί με βασικές δομές που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την ανάπτυξη της παρούσας εφαρμογής. Παρουσιάζεται επίσης η λογική της εφαρμογής που αναπτύχθηκε. Βασικές αρχές για την ψηφιακή επεξεργασία σήματος όπως αυτές χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την επεξεργασία του σήματος της αναπνοής που αναλύεται αυτόματα από την εφαρμογή και τέλος ο μηχανισμός εξαγωγής του τελικού συμπεράσματος, δηλαδή ο τρόπος με τον οποίο η εφαρμογή πραγματοποιεί την τελική της διάγνωση. / The subject of this diploma thesis is the development of an Android application, which is capable to diagnose sleeping apnea. Firstly, there is an extended presentation of sleeping apnea as a sleep disorder. The categories in which sleeping apnea can be divided. Its symptoms and the ways of healing this disorder. Moreover, portable devices for the diagnosis of this disorder are been represented and referred the goals that these devices have to achieve, as they formed by international organizations, which are occupied with the analysis of sleeping disorders. Then the operating system Android is been analyzed, in the domain of its architecture and the structure of an Android application. Furthermore, eclipse IDE is been represented and the further capabilities that it is gain with the installation of the Android SDK. In the last section of this diploma thesis there are some basic example application, which help the primer to acquaint with the structure that are used in the main program of developed application.

Submitted by Gisele Mara Hadlich (gisele@ufba.br) on 2018-06-26T14:19:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA_ANA CARINA_01jun_revGisele_OK.pdf: 2154517 bytes, checksum: 89827d0ad19904d52d2c4825fd3d2c22 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T14:19:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA_ANA CARINA_01jun_revGisele_OK.pdf: 2154517 bytes, checksum: 89827d0ad19904d52d2c4825fd3d2c22 (MD5) / Em um derramamento de petróleo em zonas de manguezal existe grande possibilidade da agregação do óleo com o material particulado em suspensão, o que poderá determinar o sedimento de fundo como destino final do OSA (Agregado Óleo-Material Particulado em Suspensão). Essa formação, em muitos casos poderá representar um grande risco aos organismos bentônicos e nectônicos. Testes de ecotoxicidade com esses organismos têm sido amplamente utilizados como uma das formas mais precisas de monitoramento biológico aos impactos antrópicos em diferentes ecossistemas. O presente trabalho avalia a ecotoxicidadeda formação do OSA em simulações de manguezal, a partir de amostras de sedimento coletadas ao longo do estuário do Rio Pardo, município de Canavierias, Bahia, por meio de ensaios em escala piloto com unidades de simulação, realizados com óleo da bacia de Campos. O procedimento foi feitoatravés detestes toxicológicos de exposição aguda e crônica para determinar a CL50(concentração letal 50%) utilizando o copépodeNitokra sp.e o microcrustáceo Artemia salina. Com base nos testes de sensibilidade foram caracterizados efeitos toxicológicos exibidos nos bioensaiosonde foram analisados os níveis de mortalidade (sobrevivência). Foi verificado que, para Nitokra sp. o cenário onde se verificou a formação do OSA tem potencial menos tóxico (CL50 70,71) em relação ao elutriato (CL50 5,59) confirmando seu potencial como efetiva forma de limpeza para tratamento de óleo na água. Para Artemia salina, a concentração de sedimento em simulação de formação de OSA que apresentou maior potencial tóxico foi 200 mg/L apresentando valores iguais para superfície e fundo (CL50 7,91%), já a concentração com menor potencial tóxico foi a de 300 mg/L (CL50 31,5) para amostras de superfície.Com isso, o presente trabalho apresenta procedimentos inovadores para avaliação de ecotoxicidade da formação do OSA em ambientes simulados de manguezal, evidenciando a potencial adequação daNitokra sp.e da Artemia salina em testes laboratoriais.

Submitted by Everaldo Pereira (pereira.evera@gmail.com) on 2017-02-20T12:30:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Icaro Thiago Andrade Moreira.pdf: 2295965 bytes, checksum: ad46436c9a73dcbbe9bdd2d0930d96ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-20T12:30:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Icaro Thiago Andrade Moreira.pdf: 2295965 bytes, checksum: ad46436c9a73dcbbe9bdd2d0930d96ba (MD5) / Estudos recentes têm mostrado que a interação natural entre gotículas de óleo e sedimentos em suspensão é um processo que resulta na formação de micro agregados estáveis que se dispersam na coluna d’água. Esta estrutura, referida como agregado óleo-material particulado em suspensão (OSAs), promove a dispersão do óleo, determina o destino do óleo na coluna d’água e pode acelerar a biodegradação. Neste estudo foi avaliado os possíveis impactos ecológicos do derramamento de petróleo em ecossistemas de manguezal (domínios pelágico e bentônico) de diferentes áreas (Baía de Todos os Santos e Sul da Bahia). Antes de iniciar o experimento foram feitas amostragens de sedimentos nas áreas de interesse para caracterização geoquímica de metais e hidrocarbonetos de petróleo. Os experimentos para formação do OSA foram desenvolvidos em escala piloto a partir de um protocolo estabelecido. Os resultados para os hidrocarbonetos do petróleo (HTPs e HPAs) mostraram que o rio São Paulo apresenta uma alta contaminação por petróleo, enquanto que nos estuários do sul da Bahia, os sedimentos superficiais foram moderadamente contaminados e a maioria das amostras têm uma baixa probabilidade de poluição e toxicidade, exceto para as fozes dos rios Una e Pardo que apresentaram média a alta probabilidade. Em relação à biodisponibilidade de metais avaliados (Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) nos sedimentos, as concentrações de Cd foram acima dos valores ERL, no entanto, as concentrações não excederam os valores de ERM. A contaminação dos sedimentos foi atribuída a processos antrópicos e naturais. No que se refere ao protocolo para a formação do OSA foi observada a dispersão de 11 a 39% (nas salinidades 10 e 30, respectivamente) do óleo para os sedimentos de fundo e de 1 a 8% (nas salinidades 10 e 30, respectivamente) para a coluna d’água. A maior toxicidade do óleo para os organismos bentônicos e pelágicos (plâncton e nécton) foi observado nas fozes dos estuários do sul da Bahia com o aumento da salinidade e da matéria orgânica, enquanto que para o rio São Paulo foi observado no setor central do estuário em função da concentração de matéria orgânica nesta área. Os dados mostraram que o estudo da formação do OSA em escala piloto pode ser uma boa ferramenta norteadora no gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas por petróleo e também na prevenção para os possíveis impactos ecológicos do derramamento de óleo em zonas estuarinas de manguezal. / ABSTRACT - Recent studies have shown that natural interaction between oil droplets and suspended sediment is a natural process that results in the formation of stable micro- aggregates that are dispersed in the water column. This structure, referred to as oil - aggregate particulate material in suspension (Suspended Particulate Material Oil - Aggregates or OSAs), promotes the dispersion of oil determines the fate of oil in the water column and can accelerate biodegradation. In this study was evaluated the possible ecological impacts of oil spills in mangrove ecosystems (benthic and pelagic) in different areas (Todos os Santos bay and South of Bahia). Before starting, the experiment samples of sediment were collected in the area of interest for geochemical characterization of sediments. The experiments for the formation of the OSA pilot scale were developed from a protocol developed in partnership with Environment Canada. The results for petroleum hydrocarbons (PAHs and TPHs) showed that São Paulo estuary has a high contamination by oil, while the estuaries of southern Bahia, based on analyzes using the SQGs, surface sediments were moderately and most contaminated samples have a low probability of pollution toxicity, except for the mouths of the rivers Una and Pardo. These areas have a medium to high probability of pollution toxicity. In relation to the bioavailability of metal sediments, Cd concentrations were above the ERL values, however, concentrations do not exceed the values of ERM. Contamination of sediments was attributed to anthropogenic and natural processes. With respect to the protocol for the formation of the dispersion of OSA 11-39% (salinity 10:30, respectively) of the oil to the bottom sediments and 1-8% for water column was observed. The greater toxicity of the oil to benthic and pelagic (nektonic and planktonic) organisms was observed in the mouths of estuaries in southern Bahia with increasing salinity and organic matter while the river São Paulo was observed in the central sector of the estuary due to the concentration of organic matter in this area. The data showed that the study of the formation of the OSA pilot scale could be a good guiding tool in the management of petroleum-contaminated areas, also to prevent potential ecological impacts of oil spills in estuarine mangrove areas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:18:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5547.pdf: 3263946 bytes, checksum: 81b95f1f44f7fd4611369a29fb381264 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-08 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the major health problems and its prevalence has increased in recent decades as well, has been associated with sleep disturbances. It has been shown that chronic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is related to osteoarthritis, and sleep disturbances that may modify the physical and functional aspects of the disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to evalueted the influence of OSA on knee extensor torque, pain, stiffness, physical function, neuromuscular control and the inflammatory response in men with knee OA in early grades. Methods: The study included 60 male volunteers, aged between 40 and 70 years, divided into four groups: G1 (n=15): without OA and without OSA; G2 (n=15): without OA and with OSA; G3 (n=15): with OA and without OSA; G4 (n=15): with OA and with OSA. All volunteers were examined x-ray knee, polysomnography, responded to the WOMAC questionnaire and performed the test on the isokinetic dynamometer for evaluation of the peak knee extensor torque isometric (60º), concentric and eccentric (90°/s and 180º/s) and submaximal strength test, and blood was collected from the antecubital fossa for analysis of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β). Comparisons of means were performed using General Linear Model. Results: For data on the sleep pattern, volunteers showed differences between groups for stage 1, and the G2 and G4 showed a higher percentage of stage 1 when compared with the G1. The number of awakenings was higher in G4, which significantly differed from G1, and the same happened to differ from G1 to G2 . Regarding data WOMAC (pain, stiffness, physical function) can be observed that for all domains G4 showed higher values for the groups G1 and G2. For the knee extensor torque evaluations isometric and concentric isokinetic was observed at lower values compared to G4 and G2 with G1. However for the fluctuation of submaximal strength we found no difference between groups. In the analysis of inflammatory markers found reduced levels of TGF-β in G2 and G4 compared with G1, however for the other cytokines we found no difference between groups. Conclusion: We conclude that OSA influenced extensor torque isometric, concentric, in pain, stiffness, physical function and TGF-β, however, no influence on neuromuscular control and the other inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) in patients with OA in degrees initial, demonstrating that, as in the initial degree of OA the OSA may promote some inflammatory and functional changes in this population. / Introdução: A osteoartrite (OA) é um dos grandes problemas de saúde e a sua prevalência tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, bem como, vem sendo associada aos distúrbios de sono. Tem sido demonstrado que a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) está relacionada com a OA e as alterações de sono podem modificar os aspectos físicos e funcionais da doença. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de verificar a influência da SAOS sobre o torque extensor do joelho, a dor, a rigidez, a função física, o controle neuromuscular e a resposta inflamatória em homens com OA de joelho em graus iniciais. Métodos: Participaram do presente estudo 60 voluntários do sexo masculino, com idade entre 40 e 70 anos, distribuídos em quatro grupos: G1 (n=15): sem OA e sem SAOS; G2 (n=15): sem OA e com SAOS; G3 (n=15): com OA e sem SAOS; G4 (n=15): com OA e com SAOS. Todos os voluntários realizaram exame de raio-x de joelho, a polissonografia, responderam ao questionário WOMAC e realizaram o teste no dinamômetro isocinético para avaliação do pico de torque extensor do joelho isométrico (60º), concêntrico e excêntrico (90º/s e 180º/s) e o teste de força submáxima, bem como, foi coletado sangue da fossa antecubital para análise das citocinas (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α e TGF-β). As comparações das médias foram realizadas por meio do General Linear Model. Resultados: Para os dados referentes ao padrão de sono, os voluntários apresentaram diferença entre os grupos para o estágio 1, sendo que, o G2 e G4 apresentaram uma maior porcentagem do estágio 1 quando comparado com o G1. O número de despertares foi maior no G4, que diferiu do G1, sendo que o mesmo ocorreu para o G2 que diferiu do G1. Em relação aos dados do questionário WOMAC (dor, rigidez, função física) pode-se observar que para todos os domínios o G4 apresentou maiores valores em relação aos grupos G1 e G2. Para o torque extensor do joelho nas avaliações isométrica e isocinética concêntrica, foi observado menores valores no G4 em relação aos G1 e G2. No entanto para a flutuação da força submáxima não encontramos diferença entre os grupos. Na análise dos marcadores inflamatórios encontramos uma redução dos níveis do TGF-β no G2 e no G4 quando comparados com o G1, no entanto para as demais citocinas não encontramos diferença entre os grupos. Conclusão: Podemos concluir que a SAOS influenciou no torque extensor isométrico e concêntrico, na dor, na rigidez, na função física e no TGF-β, no entanto, não influenciou no controle neuromuscular e nos demais marcadores inflamatórios (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 e TNF-α) de pacientes com OA em graus iniciais, demonstrando que, já nos graus inicias da OA a SAOS pode promover algumas alterações funcionais e inflamatórias nessa população estudada.

The purpose of this study was to broaden the knowledge about organizational change towards an agile organization through exploring how the faktors; structure, culture, agility och psychosocial work environment interacts during this process and how the relationship manifests in practice. To achieve the purpose, the fowling questions guided the way: • In what ways can older organizational structures and organizational culture affect agile organizational change? • What effects on the psychosocial workplace environment may an organizational change towards agile organization generate. This qualitative study with deductive approach was based on an organization where the implementation of the agile form was conducted three years ago. The collection of data was based on three semi-structured interviews with representatives from HR, the union and the research team witch also has conducted a study of the organization. Content analysis was use as a method of preparing the data for the analysis, which was done so though a model based on the theoretical  starting points and previous research that have founded this study. The conclusions drawn by this study shows that parts of the organizations older structure an culture still are present inte the new organization and that they inhibited the anchoring of the new approach and way of working . The same situation applies to the opportunity of improved psychosocial work environment where the dominance of the older organizational form resulted in the opportunities remaining just that - in the areas of the organization where it wasn’t impaired. / Syftet med denna studie är att bredda kunskapen om den agila organisationsförändringen genom att undersöka hur faktorerna; struktur, kultur, agilitet och organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö interagerar med varandra under processen och hur detta kan te sig i praktiken. För att uppnå syftet användes följande frågeställningar: • På vilka sätt kan äldre organisationsstruktur och organisationskultur påverka en agil organisationsförändring? • Vilka organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljökonsekvenser kan en agil  organisationsförändring få? Denna kvalitativa och deduktiva studie utgick ifrån en organisation där tidpunkten för implementeringen av det agila låg tre år tillbaka i tiden. Genom tre semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från HR, fack och det följeforskningsteam som också studerat organisationen, samlades det empiriska materialet in. Innehållsanalys användes som metod för bearbetning av materialet inför analysen, vilken gjordes utifrån en analysmodell baserad på de teoretiska utgångspunkter och den tidigare forskning som lagt grunden för arbetet. De slutsatser som kan dras av denna studie visar att delar av organisationens äldre struktur och kultur fortfarande lever kvar i den nya organisationsformen och att dessa hämmat hur väl de nya arbets- och förhållningssätten har förankrats. Detsamma gäller möjligheten till förbättrad organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö då den äldre organisationsformens dominans gjort att möjligheterna förblev just bara möjligheter - i de delar där denna inte blev direkt negativt påverkad.