En la empresa MATE IRL han ocurrido problemas referidos al bienestar del trabajador. Por ello se propuso una mejora en la gestión de SST basado en la Norma G050 para reducir costos laborales en la constructora. Asimismo, se diagnosticó la situación actual de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, encontrándose que el personal no estaba capacitado ni tenía experiencia, ya que se encontró un I.G.M que alcanzó los 380 días perdidos por horas trabajadas; los equipos de seguridad colectiva y personal estaban incompletos y desgastados, el área de trabajo se encontraba desordenada y la empresa no tenía metas u objetivos relacionados con la seguridad. Se registraron gastos percibidos de problemas referidos a accidentes en el trabajo, que ascienden a S/ 13 149,8 y los gastos no percibidos en el que caso de que la empresa sea denunciada por un trabajador son de S/ 60 931,00. Por lo tanto, se elaboró la propuesta de mejora en la gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo basada en la norma G-050, específica para el rubro de la empresa, incluyendo métodos como la implementación adecuada de señalizaciones, controles administrativos que conciernen capacitaciones y diversos formatos específicos para la evaluación de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, compra de elementos de protección personal y de protección colectiva. Se evaluó el impacto económico de la propuesta planteada, donde se demostró que el proyecto es viable al poseer una TIR de 64,2%, un VAN de S/46 631,00 y un costo beneficio de S/. 1,26. / In the company of this investigation there have been problems related to the welfare of the worker. For this reason, an improvement in the management of SST based on the G-050 Standard was proposed to reduce labor costs in the construction company MATE EIRL. Likewise, as specific objectives, the current situation of safety and health at work in the company MATE EIRL was diagnosed, where after carrying out the initial evaluation it was found that the personnel was not trained or had much experience, the collective security teams and personal they were incomplete and with what they had was already worn out, the work area was messy and the company did not have goals or objectives related to safety-The proposal for improvement in the management of Safety and Health at Work was also elaborated based on the G-050 standard in the company MATE EIRL, including methods such as the proper implementation of signs, administrative controls that concern training and various specific formats for the evaluation of safety and health at work in the company, purchase of personal protection elements and collective protection. Finally, the economic impact of the proposed proposal was evaluated, where it was shown that the project is viable by having an IRR of 64.2%, a NPV of S/46,631.00 and a benefit cost of S/. 1.26.

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad implementar un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo para reducir el nivel de riesgo en la oficina de Criminalística. La metodología es de tipo aplicada, nivel descriptivo y carácter pre-experimental, contando como población y muestra a 52 efectivos de la PNP. Mediante el análisis inicial de datos se estableció un cumplimiento del Sistema de Gestión de SST de 6,6% considerado como desaprobado, bajo los lineamientos del basado en la Ley 29783. Paralelamente los resultados de la matriz IPERC detectaron alto porcentaje de peligros Mecánicos y físicos (21.1% respectivamente) y locativos (15.8%), así como un alto porcentaje de riesgos importantes e intolerables (37% y 21% respectivamente), los mismos que requieren una inmediata atención. Determinado los riesgos y sus factores se procedió a diseñar el SGSST a fin de reducir los riegos encontrados a nivel tolerable. La implementación se viene realizando de forma paulatina debido a que requiere de una asignación presupuestal anual por parte del estado para ejecución y mantenimiento, las implementaciones realizadas con el presupuesto actual abarco conformación del CSST, elaboración del RISST, mapa de riegos, plan de emergencia, capacitaciones, adquisición de EPPs, entre otros. Aplicando nuevamente los mismos instrumentos ha permitido obtener como resultado un cumplimiento de los lineamientos del SGSST del 77% considerado aprobado y se logró reducir los riesgos intolerables e importantes y moderados a triviales y tolerables. Finalmente, se analizó la viabilidad económica de la presente implementación logrando obtener un costo beneficio de 1,48 un VAN de S/. 38,692.48 y un TIR del 77%, haciéndolo económicamente rentable y aplicable en la presente institución. / The purpose of this research is to implement an Occupational Health and Safety Management System to reduce the level of risk in the Criminalistics office. The methodology is applied, descriptive and pre-experimental, with 52 PNP personnel as population and sample. By means of the initial data analysis, a 6.6% compliance with the OSH Management System was established, considered as disapproved, under the guidelines based on Law 29783. At the same time, the results of the IPERC matrix detected a high percentage of mechanical and physical hazards (21.1%, respectively) and local hazards (15.8%), as well as a high percentage of important and intolerable risks (37% and 21%, respectively), which require immediate attention. Having determined the risks and their factors, the company proceeded to design the SGSST in order to reduce the risks found to a tolerable level. The implementation has been carried out gradually because it requires an annual budget allocation from the state for execution and maintenance. The implementations carried out with the current budget included the creation of the CSST, preparation of the RISST, risk map, emergency plan, training, acquisition of PPE, among others. Reapplying the same instruments has resulted in a 77% compliance with the SGSST guidelines, which are considered approved, and it was possible to reduce intolerable, important and moderate risks to trivial and tolerable risks. Finally, the economic viability of the present implementation was analyzed, obtaining a cost benefit of 1.48, an NPV of S/. 38,692.48 and an IRR of 77%, making it economically profitable and applicable in the present institution.

Au début des années 1970, les travailleurs de l'amiante de Thetford Mines et d'Asbestos ont entrepris un combat pour assainir leurs milieux de travail et leurs villes, dans lesquelles les mines étaient imbriquées. À Thetford Mines, ils ont mené une longue grève de sept mois et demi qui a conduit à la mise sur pied du Comité d'étude sur la salubrité dans l'industrie de l'amiante, puis, avec l'élection du jeune Parti québécois, à la Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail qui introduisait les principes de l'élimination des dangers à la source et de la participation des travailleurs à son application. La crédibilité de leurs syndicats s'en trouvait renforcée. Mais bientôt la montée d'un mouvement international visant à bannir l'amiante et la crise économique du début des années 1980 allaient porter un dur coup à l'industrie et entrainer un déclin que rien ne pourrait arrêter. Les travailleurs miniers, qui s'étaient unis contre leurs employeurs et parfois contre l'État dans leur combat pour la santé, s'allièrent dès lors à leurs entreprises et aux pouvoirs publics pour promouvoir le minéral et tenter de préserver leurs emplois et la vitalité de leurs régions. Ils n'ont jamais envisagé l'arrêt de la production d'amiante car ils ont toujours considéré qu'il est possible d'en maitriser les risques et ils défendirent bec et ongles leur produit en arguant du caractère sécuritaire de ses utilisations modernes, malgré un consensus international grandissant à l'encontre de cette thèse. / The asbestos workers in the cities of Thetford Mines and Asbestos launched a campaign for better working conditions and healthier living conditions despite the entanglement of the mines in the heart of their cities, in the early 1970s. The unions in Thetford Mines together led a long, seven-and-a-half month strike, which culminated with the establishment of a committee on hygiene in the asbestos industry (Comité d’étude sur la salubrité dans l’industrie de l’amiante), and then, with the election of the young Parti Québécois, with a new occupational safety and health law which implemented the principles of eliminating dangers at their source, as well as that of worker participation in the endeavour. The asbestos unions had become credible political players. But the rise of an international movement to ban asbestos, along with the economic crisis of the early 1980s, dealt a crushing blow to the industry from which it would never recover. The miners, who had come together to take on their employers - and the government in some cases – to better their health, soon sided with industry and the public authorities to promote asbestos as a way to preserve their jobs and the life of their surrounding areas. They had never considered ceasing asbestos production because they believed the hazards could be controlled, and they persisted in their steadfast defense of the safety of the product even as an international consensus formed against this thesis.

Aim of this thesis is to plot employee care in organizations and companies, that have a seat in Pelhřimov district. The thesis deals with employee relationships and employee care, where participate working hours and work regime, work enviroment, personal development of employees, services provided to employees by employer, employee benefits, work safety and protection of their health and their motivation and stimulation as well. The first step during processing of this thesis was studying the special literature; making of questionaries was directly connected with it. The questionary was essintial for following survey and the survey took four months. Then, acquired information were processed and incuded into graphs and charts and annotated. The result of the thesis is an undestandable picture of employee care in Pelhřimov district and discovery of the greatest problems and the most problematic branches of the national economy.

Abstract The purpose of this research was to study the actorship of occupational safety and health delegates and managers and the development of their actorship as part of their respective work organizations and the systems of occupational safety and health (SOSH), especially in the context of cooperation. Qualitative (N = 119) and statistical (N = 125) data and analysis were used at the same time. In January 2001, there was an advertisement in the Työ Terveys Turvallisuus (Work Health Safety) magazine inviting occupational safety and health delegates and managers to report about the course and prospects of their career as well as their experiences of success and dificulties. The average report was two pages in length and compact. Almost all people who responded to the invitation were sent a SOSH questionnaire. The NVivo2-software was used for qualitative analysis and partly also for statistical analysis, and the purpose was to find structural entities and invariance. The statistical analysis was mainly concerned with SOSH. The most important aspects of action are the object and the outcome in relation to the facilities, division of tasks, community and rules within the operating system. The object and the change of action were investigated by shaping different ways of objectifying and understandings their background. There are three levels of the objectifivation: 1) one-dimensionality of the working environment, 2) multi-dimensionality of the micro system and 2) multi-dimensionality of the meso system. Historical development proceeds from the first through the second towards the third level, because the phenomena of the organizational and working environment are progressively understood as more and more many-faceted and interactional. The change of the ways for objectification also proceeds through three historical phases: 1) the phase of safety at work and the physical working environment, 2) the expanding phase towards a psychosocial working environment and working ability and 3) the expanding phase towards occupational well-being, holistic organizational development and active leadership. The interaction and cooperation are important themes in the actions of OSH delegates and managers. When the scope of interaction and the activity of leadership are cross-classified four alternatives emerge: 1) conflicting, 2) asymmetric, 3) symmetric, and 4) synergic modes of OSH cooperation. In the same axial situation, it is possible to make a typology of the enterprises and other work organizations: 1) defensive and solid, 2) passive and uncoordinated, 3) active and coordinated, and 4) totally managed and renewing. When the level of OSH cooperation and the ability to endure and produce conflicts of values and objects are cross-classified, six types of OSH delegates and managers can be identified: 1) assistant, 2) representative, 3) marketer, 4) auditor, 5) developer, and 6) adviser. Each of them is better consistent with some organizational types than some others. Typical personal strategies are 1) submissiveness and reactiveness, 2) marketing, 3) proactiveness, and 4) professional skills for development. The typical causes of success in OSH include the activity, commitment and support of leaders and managers (70%), on the personal characteristics, ways of action and activity of OSH delegates and managers on the other (70%). / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää työsuojeluvaltuutettujen ja -päälliköiden toimijuutta ja sen kehitystä osana omaa työorganisaatiota ja sen työsuojelujärjestelmää erityisesti yhteistoiminnallisuuden näkökulmsta. Tiedonhankinnassa ja analyysissa käytettiin samanaikaisesti laadullisia ja tilastollisia keinoja. Tapausten lukumäärä laadullisessa aineistossa oli 125 ja tilastollisessa aineistossa 119. Laadullisessa analyysissa käytettiin hyväksi NVivo2-tietoteknistä analyysiohjelmaa. Kyselytutkimuksen aineistolla selvitettiin työsuojelun yhteistoiminta-aktiivien näkökulmasta työsuojelujärjestelmien tilannetta. Toiminnan kohdetta ja sen muutosta tutkittiin selvittämällä työsuojelun yhteistoimintahenkilöstön kohteellistamistapoja ja -ymmärryksiä. Aineistosta erottuu kolme kohteellistamisen päätasoa: 1) työympäristön yksiulotteisuus, 2) mikrotason systeemisyys ja 3) mesotason systeemisyys. Kehitys kulkee ensiksi mainitusta kohti viimeksi mainittua, mikä voidaan selittää sillä, että asiat ymmärretään ajan kuluessa organisationaalisesti yhä monitahoisemmin, monitasoisemmin ja vuorovaikutteisemmin. Työsuojelun yhteistoiminnalle erityiset muodot saatiin valitsemalla ulottuvuuksiksi yhteistoiminnan kohdealueen laajuus ja johtamisen aktiivisuus. Tällöin saadaan nelikentän lohkoille nimet 1) ristiriitainen, 2) epäsymmetrinen, 3) symmetrinen ja 4) synerginen. Työsuojelun yhteistoiminta-aktiivien selostusten perusteella oli mahdollista analysoida ja tyypitellä heidän toimintakenttänään olevia yrityksiä ja organisaatioita. Tällöin yhdistettäessä tarkastelu-ulottuvuuksiksi yhteistoiminnan kohdealueen laajuus ja johtamisen aktiivisuus saadaan organisaatiotyypeiksi 1) jähmettynyt ja defensiivinen, 2) passiivinen ja koordinoimaton, 3) osittaisjohdettu ja aktiivinen sekä 4) kokonaisjohdettu ja uudistuva. Jaoteltaessa työorganisaation yhteistoiminnallisuus kolmeen eri tasoon ja toisaalta työsuojelun yhteistoimintahenkilön kyky tai tapa kohdata ristiriitoja kahteen eri tasoon saadaan 6-osainen typologia: 1) avustaja, 2) edunvalvoja, 3) markkinoija, 4) katselmoija, 5) kehittäjä ja 6) neuvonantaja. Kukin tyyppi kehitysvaiheena mahdollistuu todennäköisimmin jossakin organisaatiotyypissä, joka vuorostaan kehitysvaiheena tuottaa tietyt edellytykset ja tarpeet kyseisen tyypin, eli tietyn rooli- ja tehtäväkokonaisuuden, omaksumiseen. Vastaavasti strategisina perusvaihtoehtoina saadaan nelikenttä, joka jakaantuu seuraavasti: 1) reaktiivisuus ja alistuvuus, 2) markkinoivuus, 3) proaktiivisuus ja 4) kokonaisvaltaisuus ja kehittäjäammatillisuus. Työsuojelutoiminnan onnistuneisuuden syistä tärkeimmiksi mainitaan yhtäältä omistajien ja johdon aktiivisuus, tavoitteellisuus, sitoutuneisuus, kiinnostuneisuus ja tuki, sekä toisaalta työsuojelun yhteistoimintahenkilöstön henkilökohtaisen ominaisuudet, toimintatapa ja aktiivisuus. Molemmat tekijät saavat kaksikolmasosan osuuden vastauksissa. Johdon ja omistajien kokonaismerkitys tulee esille, kun vaikeuksien syinä johdon passiivisuus, tavoitteettomuus, tietämättömyys, osaamattomuus ja kielteisyys saavat 52 %:n osuuden selostuksissa. Työsuojeluvaltuutetut ja -päälliköt joutuvat tehtävässään toimintaedellytysten ja ristiriitojen kenttään, jonka merkitys jaksamisen ja toiminnan mielekkyydelle on pitkällä aikavälillä riippuvainen toimintaedellytysten ja ristiriitojen laadusta ja niiden välisestä suhteesta. Työpaikkakohtaisen työsuojelujärjestelmän tilaa erittelevät tulokset osoittavat, että lähes kaikissa tarkastelukohteissa on yleisesti ottaen kehittämisen ja parantamisen varaa. / Sammanfattning Syftet med denna forskning är att redogöra för skyddsombudens och -chefernas verksamhet och redogöra för utvecklingen för verksamheten, i synnerhet ur samarbetets synvinkel, som en del av den egna arbetsorganisationen och det egna systemet för arbetarskyddsarbetet. I undersökningen används både kvalitativa och statistiska metoder. Skyddsombuden och -cheferna ombads genom en annons i tidningen Työ Terveys Turvallisuus berätta om sin egen karriär i arbetarskyddsarbetet, samt om sina erfarenheter och åsikter, om framgångar och svårigheter i samarbetet. Till alla som skrev sändes också ett frågeformulär som innehöll frågor om egenskaper av systemet för arbetarskyddsarbetet. I det kvalitativa materialet var antalet fall 125 och i det statistiska materialet 119. Stora företag och organisationer, kommuner och skyddsombud utgjorde majoriteten av forskningsmaterialets svar. Det finns tre objektiva nivåer i verksamheten: 1) arbetsmiljöns endimensionalitet 2) mikronivåns systematik och 3) mesonivåns systematik. Utvecklingen sker från den första mot den sistnämnda, de organisatoriska förbindelserna mellan olika nivåer blir med tiden ännu mångsidigare och har större växelverkan. Ur den organisationspolitiska synvinkeln har utgångspunkten varit till slutet av 1980-talet en riskhanteringspolitik som har strävat till att hindra förluster. I början av 1990-talet har personal- och utvecklingspolitiken kommit med i bilden, till exempel som personalekonomisk beräkning och rapportering, som upprätthållande och främjande av arbetsförmåga, samt som kvalitetsverksamhet. Målet i arbetarskyddsarbetet har utvidgats till organisationspolitikens område. Den följande fasen kan vara en integrerad politik för resultat och arbetsvälmåga. I förändringen av målinriktningarna kan man skilja på tre nivåer och faser vilka utvidgar sig till 1) arbetssäkerhet och fysisk arbetsmiljö 2) till arbetsförmåga och psykosocial arbetsmiljö 3) till välmående, holistisk utveckling och aktiv ledning. Växelverkan och samarbete delar sig på fyra utvecklingshistoriska faser beroende på ledningens aktivitet och arbetarskyddsarbetets omfattning 1) motstridig 2) osymmetrisk 3) symmetrisk och 4) synergisk. Också arbetsorganisationerna kan med samma princip delas i fyra typer 1) stelnad och defensiv, 2) passiv och okoordinerad, 3) delvis styrd och aktiv och 4) helt styrd och förnyande. Skyddsombuden och -cheferna kan delas i sex typer på grund av den personliga förmågan att ta emot, orsaka och undvika konflikter, och den organisatoriska förmågan att samarbeta: 1) assistent, 2) representant, 3) marknadsförare, 4) mönstrare, 5) utvecklare och 6) rådgivare. Det finns behov att utveckla nästan alla delområden i arbetarskyddsarbetet inom arbetsorganisationerna.

This diploma thesis solves the construction and technological project of the production hall with an administrative building in the Vsetín industrial zone Bobrky I. This building technology project contains a technical report on the building technological project, the cordination situation with wider transport routes, the time and financial plan of the construction, the study of the implementation of the main technological stages, project of building site equipment, selection of main building machines and mechanisms, time plan of rough construction of solved objects, plan of material resources for rough building of objects, technological regulation for pilot, including heads. Control and test plan for the pilot, including heads, safety measures for the construction and items of the budget of the objects.

The subject of this diploma thesis is construction-technological project of the integrated rescue system station. The building is situated in the village of Týn nad Vltavou and will be used to perform the service of fire protection of the population. The thesis is focused on the design of the construction site equipment, the time and financial plan, the design of the main building machines and mechanisms, the technological specification, the control and test plan, and also the occupational safety and health protection.

The diploma thesis solves the construction technology project of the Leisure Center Na Fialce in Říčany near Prague. This construction technology project includes a technical report to the construction technology project, coordination situation with broader links of transport routes, construction time and financial plan, study of im-plementation of the main technological stages, construction site design, design of main construction machines and mechanisms, plan of securing material resources for rough construction of solved objects, technological regulation for implementati-on of insulation of substructure and execution of monolithic reinforced concrete ceiling, inspection and test plan for implementation of insulation of substructure and execution of monolithic reinforced concrete ceiling, safety measures on site and proposal of alternative solution.

Final thesis deals with the structural and technological project of block of flats in Brno. Deal with division building construction and engineering structures, machineries, project schedule and financial plan. It is further focused on the rough construction of the main building structure, where processing technological study of the construction, project schedule, the project site equipment, budget and other documents that are necessary for the correct realization of construction.

This thesis discusses the preparation and organization of the extension construction of multi-purpose Pavilion in Pardubice hospital. The thesis contains a summary accompanying technical report, technical regulations for CFA piles and contact insulation system. Those 3 regulations have developed inspection and test plans. Next parts od the work are time schedule and an itemized budget of the pavilion, time and financial plan of the whole building, Occupational safety and health instructions, environmental issues during the construction, design of mechanical set, system of construction site project. There is also noise study made during the implementation of the construction of the pavilion. Finally there is also situation of construction, CFA pilot implementation scheme and contract.