På webbplatsen arbetsliv.org finns webbsidorna branschkunskap och ämneskunskap innehållandes länkar till andra webbsidor, med fakta kring arbetsmiljö. Webbsidorna riktar sig främst till arbetsmiljöingenjörer och medlemmarna inom organisationerna FTF (Föreningen Teknisk Företagshälsovård) Arbetsmiljö och EHSS, Ergonomi och Human Factors Sällskapet Sverige. Arbetsmiljöingenjörer arbetar med frågor relaterade till branscher inom många olika områden. Därför anses det underlätta deras arbete genom att ha en samlad plats för branschspecifik information. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utveckla webbsidor till en egen domän, arbetsmiljowiki.se, och att utifrån organisationsmedlemmarnas åsikter skapa en wiki med bransch- och ämneskunskap inom arbetsmiljö. För att ta reda på användarnas åsikter genomfördes åtta stycken kvalitativa telefonintervjuer med intervjupersoner från olika åldersgrupper. Litteraturstudier skedde kring val och utveckling av teknisk lösning för att få en bild av de möjligheter som finns. Jämförelsen av tekniska lösningar, analysen av telefonintervjuerna och de uppställda kraven utgör tillsammans ett delresultat. Delresultatet ledde fram till en integration av Facebookinloggning, YouTubelänkar, kommentarsfält och att resultatet arbetsmiljowiki.se utformades enligt organisationsmedlemmarnas åsikter. / Located on the website arbetsliv.org is the webpages branschkunskap and ämneskunskap, containing links to other websites with facts about occupational health and safety. The webpages mainly target themselves towards occupational health engineers and members of the two organization’s FTF (Föreningen Teknisk Företagshälsovård) Arbetsmiljö and EHSS, Ergonomi och Human Factors Sällskapet Sverige. Occupational health engineers work with questions related to industries of many different fields. Therefore, it is considered to facilitate their work by providing a collaborative collection of industry-specific information. The purpose of this thesis is to develop the webpages into an independent domain, arbetsmiljowiki.se, and based on the organization members’ opinions create a wiki about industry and subject knowledge related to occupational health and safety. To collect the users’ opinions, eight qualitative telephone interviews were carried out with interviewees from different age-groups. Literature studies regarding choice of and development of technical solutions were performed in order to obtain a greater picture of the available possibilities. The comparison of technical solutions, analysis of the telephone interviews and the specified requirements together make up a part of the result. One part of the result resulted in an integration of Facebook login, embedded YouTube videos, comment fields and that the final result arbetsmiljowiki.se was shaped as per the organization members’ requests.

The purpose of this dissertation was to create a safety compliance model which would advance the state of the art of safety compliance models and provide management with a practical tool which can be used in making safety decisions in an environment where multiple objectives exist. A goal programming safety compliance model (OSHA Model) was developed to fulfill this purpose. The objective function of the OSHA Model was designed to minimize the total deviation from the established goals of the model. These model goals were expressed in terms of 1) level of compliance to OSHA safety and health regulations, 2) company accident frequency rate, 3) company accident cost per worker, and 4) a company budgetary restriction. This particular set of goals was selected to facilitate management's fulfillment of its responsibilities to OSHA, the employees, and to ownership. This study concludes that all the research objectives have been accomplished. The OSHA Model formulated not only advances the state of the art of safety compliance models, but also provides a practical tool which facilitates management's safety and health decisions. The insight into the relationships existing in a safety compliance decision system provided by the OSHA Model and its accompanying sensitivity analysis was demonstrated by the empirical application during the research. The optimal solution values showed what could be accomplished with a given objective structure and the existing safety and health functional relationships. The optimal solution values obtained during the sensitivity analysis showed how sensitive the model is to the uncertainties relating to goal structures and the specific exogenous and endogenous parameter values. This new insight available to management can provide a scientific base upon which the total system decisions can be made.

職業災害調查係為勞動檢查之一環，係發生重大職業災害後，所執行之行政調查，為判斷重大職業災害過失責任關係、分析事故發生因素、防範再度發生之預防措施，不僅可以讓勞工及其家屬了解職業災害事故始末，也可透過調查報告書讓有過失責任者受到應有之懲罰，對受職業災害之勞工及其家屬可謂非常重要。職業災害調查通常具備強制性行政調查權，但在調查過程中，並無權限封鎖重大職災現場來保持證據的完整性，本文將探討目前職業災害調查制度之成效？以及目前法院對職業災害調查報告書之見解為何？此外並探討美、日兩國之職業災害調查制度？以上為本文探討重點。 本文發現我國職業災害調查制度雖有不足之處，但目前勞動法令授與勞動檢查員強制性行政檢查權、停工權…等權限，已賦予執行職業災害調查之基本權限，規劃出職業災害調查制度的雛形，本文認為目前雖有不足之處，但已能處理大多數的重大職業災害案件，至於勞動法令是否應讓勞動檢查員，於發生重大職業災害下，得執行特別司法警察官權限進行調查的問題，本文綜觀美、日兩國制度及相關文獻後，認為目前尚不需授與特別司法警察官權限，但必須要加強勞動檢查員與警察、消防機關之職務聯繫及協助，並賦予勞動檢查員行政封鎖之權限，使職業災害調查制度更加完善，能夠妥善處理每一件重大職業災害案件。並提出下列建議： 一、建立職業災害事故現場的行政封鎖制度 二、加強與其他機關的職務協助關係 三、縮短雇主通報義務時間 四、強化專業分工與在職訓練 五、釐清勞動派遣之雇主關係 六、加強雇主預防責任

在台灣人口逐漸老化的情況下，如何延緩勞動者退出就業市場，攸關台灣的社會保險、年金體系及照顧體系之存續，但要勞工能夠延後退休，先決條件是身體健康與否，因此勞工的健康狀況，就不僅僅是個人問題，而是台灣社會面臨的整體危機。主管職業健康的各部門，未能意識到每個政策對於整體勞動生產力，之於經濟發展和社會福利、保險的深遠影響，以致於過度聚焦於對於勞工個人影響的層面，而缺乏思考這些行動背後，對於國家整體的宏觀意義 而在執行工作時中造成肌肉骨骼系統的任何不適、困難或疼痛，更是困擾的許多歐洲的勞工，因此歐盟無不以積極的政策來干預MSD，希望能延長停留在勞動市場的期間，並說明對於雇主、勞工、政府、財政所帶來的幫助。另外透過訪談發現，台灣的物流業從業人員，所處在的工作環境，恰如文獻所提，反覆、負重、工時過長…等，時常有受傷而繼續從事工作的情形，也導致物流業流動率高、從業人員較年輕及容易成為MSD的高風險群。 因此必須從增進MSD的概念、提升勞動條件及減少因病缺勤著手。政府方面則必須建構更完整的MSD數據，並制訂讓MSD勞工留在職場的積極性勞動力市場政策以及廣辦宣導會說明MSD對我國的重要性；雇主的重要性更是不可言喻，不僅扮演第一線的觀察者，快速做出因應措施，並著手改善從業人員勞動條件，並將干預措施予以制度化；勞工則必須透過積極參與有關MSD政策或方案的討論，更重要的是養成並維持良好的生活方式的習慣。 / Taiwan population is rapidly aging. How to persuade workers to delay withdrawing from employment market becomes an urgent challenge because this concern has significant implications to our social insurance, the annuity system and healthcare system. Therefore, the health of workers is not just a personal issue, but a public concern that everyone in this society needs to face. Government officials in charge of healthcare policy are not yet aware of its profound impact on labor productivity, economic development, social welfare and social insurance. Policy wise, we put too much attention on individual health promotion while lose sight of its macro impact. MSD, either caused by work or gene, inflicted many European workers, so that the EU actively deal with this issue with the hope that workers are able to stay longer around the labor market as long as possible. This study finds through the interview that workers of the logistics industry in Taipei endure heavy work-load, long working time, and often time have high rate of presenteeism (the tendency of workers to go to work when they are ill enough to stay at home), causing the logistics industry to have not only high exit rate but also high risk of MSD. Therefore, we have to promote the MSD concept, improve labor conditions and reduce presenteeism. For example employers have to include MSD into their pre-employment training courses for those new entrants, to reduce the hours of working time and to decrease presenteeism through providing subsidy to those who suffer from MSD. The government then has to build up a more complete MSD database, and introduces the concept of MSD and its preventive practice through seminars or workshops. Employers have key roles and duty in this issue. Specifically, they have to adopt as well as carry out preventive measures, and take quick actions whenever incidence of MSD occurs in the frontline of workplace. In addition, they have to improve working conditions and institutionalize those intervention measures. Workers then need to actively participate in MSD policy discussion other than maintaining a healthy life style. Workers, employers, health care system and social welfare system have a cause to this joint effort in keeping workers in Taiwan as healthy as possible so that every nationals can Fit For Work.

The purpose of this study is to examine and deepen the knowledge of how unit managers are expected to take responsibility for promoting a good work environment by translating the new regulations on organizational and social work environment, in social services in a medium-sized municipality in Southern-Sweden. Method: We have used a qualitative approach as method in this study, with semi-structured interviews as data collection method. To gather empirical material, we chose to interview six unit managers who work in social services. Theory: Our theoretical point have been Implementation theory. We also chose the concepts of learning organizations and competence. Our choice of method and concepts have helped us to examine our-empirical-material. Results: The six different themes, presented in the results of this study, are designed based on the new regulations on organizational and social work environment. The different themes in this study are the following: Competences, goals for the organization and the social work environment, workload, management of working hours, offensive treatment, responsibility and the last theme is competence. Our results indicate that the unit managers are not adequately educated about the new regulations, which in turn leads to the implementation of the regulations as intended. Secondly, our results also show weaknesses in resource allocation.

Thesis (MScEng) Stellenbosch University, 2014 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis brings together productivity and risk assessments through innovative design, development and evaluation of a unique system for retrieving and analysing data. In the past, although the link between them is well-documented, these assessments have largely been dealt with as separate antagonist entities. A broad evaluation of the existing traditional and technological support systems has been conducted to identify suitable methodologies along with a common technological platform for automation. The methodologies selected for the productivity and risk assessments were; work sampling and the revised NIOSH lifting equation respectively. The automation of these procedures is facilitated through computer vision and the use of a range imaging Kinect™ camera. The standalone C++ application integrates two tracking approaches to extract real-time positional data on the worker and the work-piece. The OpenNI and OpenCV libraries are used to perform skeletal tracking and image recognition respectively. The skeletal tracker returns positional data on specific joints of the worker, while the image recognition component, a SURF implementation, is used to identify and track a specific work-piece within the capture frame. These tracking techniques are computationally expensive. In order to enable real time execution of the program, Nvidia’s CUDA toolkit and threading building blocks have been applied to reduce the processing time. The performance measurement system is a continuous sampling derivative of work sampling. The speed of the worker’s hand movements and proximity to the work-piece are used to classify the worker in one of four possible states; busy, static, idle, or out of frame. In addition to the worker based performance measures, data relating to work-pieces are also calculated. These include the number of work-pieces processed by a specific worker, along with the average and variations in the processing times. The risk assessment is an automated approach of the revised NIOSH lifting equation. The system calculates when a worker makes and/or breaks contact with the work-piece and uses the joint locations from the skeletal tracker to calculate the variables used in the determination of the multipliers and ultimately the recommended weight limit and lifting index. The final calculation indicates whether the worker is at risk of developing a musculoskeletal disorder. Additionally the information provided on each of the multipliers highlights which elements of the lifting task contribute the most to the risk. The user-interface design ensures that the system is easy to use. The interface also displays the results of the study enabling analysts to assess worker performance at any time in real time. The automated system therefore enables analysts to respond rapidly to rectify problems. The system also reduces the complexity of performing studies and it eliminates human errors. The time and costs required to perform the studies are reduced and the system can become a permanent fixture on factory floors. The development of the automated system opens the door for further development of the system to ultimately enable more detailed assessments of productivity and risk. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Produktiwiteit en risiko evaluerings word in hierdie tesis saam hanteer deur die innoverende ontwerp, ontwikkeling en evaluering van 'n unieke stelsel vir die meting en ontleding van data. Alhoewel die skakel tussen hulle goed gedokumenteer is, word hierdie evaluering as afsonderlike antagonistiese entiteite hanteer. 'n Breë studie van die bestaande tradisionele en tegnologiese ondersteuningstelsels is gedoen om toepaslike metodes te identifiseer, om 'n gemeenskaplike tegnologiese platform vir outomatisering daar te stel. Die metodes wat gekies is vir die produktiwiteit en risiko bepalings is onderskeidelik werk monsterneming en die hersiende NIOSH opheffing vergelyking. Die outomatisering van hierdie prosedures word gefasiliteer deur middel van rekenaar visie en die gebruik van 'n Kinect™ 3D kamera. Die selfstandige C++ program integreer ‘n dubbelvolgings benadering om in reële tyd posisionele data van die werker en die werk-stuk te kry. Die OpenNI en OpenCV biblioteke word onderskeidelik gebruik om skeletale volging en beeld erkenning uit te voer. Die skeletale volger bepaal posisionele data van spesifieke gewrigte van die werker, terwyl die beeld erkenning komponent, 'n SURF implementering gebruik om 'n spesifieke werk-stuk binne die opname raam te identifiseer en te volg. Hierdie volgings tegnieke is berekenings intensief. Om werklike tyd uitvoering van die program te verseker, is Nvidia se CUDA gereedskapstel en liggewig boublokke geimplementeer. Die produktiwiteit meting-stelsel is 'n aaneenlopende monsterneming benadering van werk monsterneming. Die spoed van die werker se handbewegings en nabyheid aan die werkstuk word gebruik om die werker te klassifiseer as in een van vier moontlike toestande; besig, staties, onaktief of buite die raam. Benewens die werker gebaseerde metings, word daar ook data oor werkstukke bereken. Dit sluit in die aantal werkstukke verwerk deur 'n spesifieke werker, sowel as die gemiddelde en variasie in verwerkings tye. Die risiko-berekening is 'n outomatiese benadering van die hersiende NIOSH opheffing vergelyking. Die stelsel bereken wanneer die werker kontak maak en/of breek met die werkstuk en maak gebruik van die gewrigsposisies wat die skeletale volger aandui om die veranderlikes wat in die vermenigvuldigers gebruik word te bepaal. Die vermenigvuldigers word gebruik om die aanbevole maksimum gewig en die opheffing indeks te bereken. Die opheffing indeks dui aan of daar ‘n risiko vir die werker is om muskuloskeletale versteuring te ontwikkel. Benewens dui die vermenigvuldigers aan watter elemente die grootste bydra tot die risiko van die opheffingstaak maak. Die gebruiker-koppelvlak-ontwerp verseker dat die stelsel maklik is om te gebruik. Die koppelvlak vertoon ook die resultate van die studie sodat ontleders op enige tyd werker prestasie kan evalueer in reële tyd. Die outomatiese stelsel stel dus ontleders in staat om vinnig te reageer sodat probleme reggestel kan word. Die stelsel verminder ook die kompleksiteit vir die uitvoering van studies en dit elimineer menslike foute. Die tyd en koste vereis om die studie te doen, word verminder en die stelsel kan ‘n permanente instelling op fabriekvloere geword. Die ontwikkeling van die outomatiese stelsel maak die deur oop vir verdere ontwikkeling van die stelsel om uiteindelik daartoe te lei dat meer gedetailleerde evaluering van produktiwiteit en risiko bepaal kan word.

The Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is an issue that has become more relevant in our country since the enforcement of Law 29783, Law SST. Notwithstanding, it has not yet reflected on how prevention measures on occupational risks could improve productivity at a company level and a national level. In this article, the author aims to demonstrate the potential costs that could lead the occupational accidents reported to the Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion for the period between 2011-2014, from an approach to the study of the economic impact of the occupational accidents and their influence on productivity. / La Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SST) es una materia que ha cobrado mayor relevancia en nuestro país a partir de la entrada en vigencia de la Ley 29783, Ley de SST. Sin embargo, aún no se ha reflexionado sobre cómo la adopción de medidas de prevención de los riesgos laborales puede repercutir en una mejora de la productividad tanto a nivel empresarial como a nivel nacional. En este artículo, el autor pretende demostrar los potenciales costos que podrían generar los accidentes de trabajo notificados al Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2011 a 2014, a partir de una aproximación al estudio del impacto económico de los accidentes de trabajo y de su incidencia en la productividad.

Abstract Cold is a very common physical risk factor in workplaces in circumpolar regions. Cold has many detrimental effects on human health and performance, and on the safety, quality and productivity of work. In this study a systematic general Cold Risk Management Model was developed, applied and evaluated. The model can be integrated in a company’s or an organization’s occupational safety, health, environment and quality (SHEQ) management systems and practices in workplaces. The Cold Risk Management Model and methods were later included in ISO 15743 Ergonomics of the thermal environment – Cold workplaces – Risk assessment and management. The Cold Risk Management Model and methods were applied in two case company’s SHEQ systems and practices in the fields of construction and maritime administration and services. Based on the case studies, the concrete cold risk management activities and the personnel training campaign resulted in immediate positive results and improved attitudes towards further development. At the national level, working in the cold was estimated to increase personnel costs in the construction industry annually by €50M, which is 3% of the industry’s annual personnel costs. This study also showed that the Cold Risk Management Model and methods are profitable. In the case construction company, the savings achieved by cold risk management activities at a construction site were 2.5 time the costs of those activities. A follow-up study in the case company in the field of maritime administration and services showed that implementation and dissemination of the Cold Risk Management Model and methods require systematic work also after the initial development process. The implementation process could and should be enhanced by early establishment of organization-wide guidelines, visible concrete actions, a training campaign and use of necessary external experts. This study also presents a Safety Management Matrix Model for analyzing development and implementation activities during the process time span. / Tiivistelmä Kylmä on yksi yleisimmistä työympäristön riskitekijöistä pohjoisissa oloissamme. Kylmästä aiheutuu haittaa ihmisen toimintakyvylle ja terveydelle sekä työn turvallisuudelle, laadulle ja tuottavuudelle. Tässä väitöstutkimuksessa kehitettiin systemaattinen kylmäriskien hallintamalli osaksi yrityksen työterveys- ja työturvallisuus-, ympäristö- ja laatujohtamisjärjestelmiä (SHEQ). Kehitetty kylmäriskien hallintamalli menetelmineen on nykyisin osa standardia ”SFS-EN ISO 15743 Lämpöolojen ergonomia. Kylmät työpaikat. riskin arviointi ja hallinta”. Kylmäriskien hallintamallia ja sen menetelmiä sovellettiin ja edelleen kehitettiin kahdessa tapausyrityksessä rakennusalalla sekä merenkulun tukipalveluissa. Konkreettisista kehittämistoimenpiteistä ja henkilöstön koulutuksesta koettiin tapausyrityksissä saadun välitöntä hyötyä, ja ne johtivat positiivisiin asenteisiin jatkokehittämistyötä kohtaan. Tutkimuksessa arvioitiin kylmätyön myös lisäävän rakennusalan henkilöstökustannuksia vuosittain 50 miljoonalla eurolla, mikä oli 3 % alan vuotuisista palkkakustannuksista. Tapaustutkimuksen avulla osoitettiin, että kylmänhaittojen hallinta on kannattavaa. 20 henkilön rakennustyömaalla kylmänhaittojen hallinnalla saavutettavat säästöt olivat 2,5-kertaiset toimenpiteistä aiheutuneisiin kuluihin verrattuina. Merenkulun tukipalvelujen alalla toimivassa tapausyrityksessä tehdyn seurantatutkimuksen mukaan kylmäriskien hallintamallin käyttöönotto ja levittäminen yrityksessä vaatii kuitenkin aikaa ja systemaattista työtä. Mallin käyttöönottoa ja levittämistä voidaan tutkimuksen perusteella nopeuttaa kehittämistyön näkyvyydellä ja konkreettisuudella, koulutuksella, organisaatiotasoisten ohjeiden laatimisella aikaisessa vaiheessa sekä erityisesti asiantuntijatuen saatavuudella koko implementointivaiheen ajan. Tutkimuksessa syntyi myös turvallisuusjohtamismatriisi työkaluksi kehittämistyön suunnitteluun ja arviointiin.

Diploma thesis is focused on occupational risk management, safety and health protection at work. The aim of my diploma thesis was to review level of OHSAS 18001 requirement filfilment in a particular organisation. Inseparabily part of standard requirements is observing the state legislation. Since the firm chosen carry on business in SR, the teoretical part of the thesis compares czech and slovak state legislation with purpose of illustrating differences between czech and slovak legislative environment in field of occupational safety and health protection. Practical part of the thesis contains review of OHSAS 18001 requirements fulfilment in organization and evaluates the possibility of succesful certification.

Die Reduzierung der Unfallzahlen und berufsbedingten Erkrankungen, die Stärkung des Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutzes genießen in Sachsen einen hohen Stellenwert, da sichere und gesundheitsgerechte Arbeitsbedingungen in den Schulen auch zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung des Freistaates beitragen. Um diesen Anspruch in den sächsischen Schulen dauerhaft zu sichern, entwickelt die Professur Arbeitswissenschaft und Innovationsmanagement der Technischen Universität Chemnitz das Arbeitsschutzmanagementsystem Schule »AManSys«. Einen wichtigen Teil der Systementwicklung bildet dabei das Handbuch zum »AManSys«, eine Handlungsanleitung und zukünftig digitales Hilfsmittel für den Schulleiter, um die Durchführung und Dokumentation der Prozesse in der Organisation im Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz regelkonform zu managen und damit seiner Unternehmerverantwortung gerecht zu werden.:1 Das Arbeitssystem Schule 1.1 Rechtliche Einordnung 1.2 Regelungen im Arbeitsschutz- und Unfallversicherungsrecht 1.3 Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz im Freistaat Sachsen 2 Chronologische Entwicklung von Arbeitsschutzmanagementsystemen 3 Entwicklung des »AManSys« aus dem OHRIS-Konzept 4 Entwicklungsstand »AManSys« 5 Literatur