Under 2016 var över 65 miljoner människor på flykt världen över. Personer som flyr har en ökad risk för ohälsa och för att hantera den nya situationen beskrivs värdet i att ha fritid och engagera sig i aktiviteter, då fritiden är en central del av livet under ungdomstiden. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka aktiviteter som unga vuxna, nu boende i Sverige på grund av flykt, utövar på fritiden samt hur dessa aktiviteter upplevs. Data samlades in genom 18 aktivitetsdagböcker och sex intervjuer. Insamlad data analyserades genom deskriptiv kvantitativ analys och deskriptiv kvalitativ analys. Resultatet visade att deltagarna till största del (59%) skattade fritiden som “extremt meningsfull” och “meningsfull”. Möjligheten till självbestämmande och den sociala miljön hade inverkan på upplevd meningsfullhet av fritid. Exempel på aktiviteter som genomfördes mest på fritiden var att spela fotboll, spela spel och religiösa aktiviteter. Vilka aktiviteter som utfördes samt den mängd fritid deltagarna hade varierade beroende på hur varje individ såg på sin fritid. Upplevelsen av aktivitet och fritid är subjektiv och påverkar vilket värde aktiviteten har för individen. / In 2016, more than 65 million people were refugees for reasons of feared persecution, conflict, violence etc. Refugees have an increased risk of decreased health, and for them to handle their new situation, it is important to engage in activities. Leisure is an important part of life during adolescence and the aim of this study was to investigate what activities young adults who had fled to Sweden performed in their leisure time and how these activities were experienced. Data was collected through 18 activity diaries and six interviews. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive quantitative analysis and descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed that the participants mostly (59%) perceived their leisure activities as "extremely meaningful" or "meaningful". The ability of self-determination and the social context had impacts on the perceived meaningfulness of leisure. Examples of activities that were performed most in leisure time were playing football, playing games, and religious activities. The amount of leisure and the activities that were performed in leisure time varied depending on how each individual perceived their leisure. The perception of activity and leisure is subjective and affects the value of each activity for the individual.

For individuals with multiple and complex needs, leaving homelessness is recognised as a dynamic and complex process. Furthermore, despite the provision of supports, tenancies may not be maintained and individuals return to using homelessness services. Tenancy sustainment—the maintenance of a tenancy to avoid a premature end of tenure—is fundamental to the resolution and prevention of homelessness. There is a paucity of research about the occupations of individuals as they establish and maintain tenancies. This thesis aimed to understand the transition process from homelessness, and tenancy sustainment, from an occupational perspective, to inform a potential occupational therapy intervention. Underpinned by the Medical Research Council (2008) framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions, a systematic review and a constructivist grounded theory study were conducted in a convergent mixed method study design. The systematic review synthesised the evidence on tenancy sustainment following homelessness from a broad range of studies. It presented positive determinants of tenancy sustainment at individual, interpersonal, community and structural levels. The constructivist grounded theory study was conducted with people who were experiencing or had experienced multiple exclusion homelessness as well as staff in homelessness services. Individuals (n=35) were purposively sampled and interviews using reflexive photography were conducted. A substantive theory about the core process of tenancy sustainment was conceptualised as ‘Making a Home’. This was enacted through identified occupational strategies of ‘putting your stamp on it’, ‘seeing a new self’ and ‘living the life’. Tenancy sustainment was experienced as ‘feeling at home’, which had two sub-categories: ‘belonging’, which was a sense of connection to place, as well as, ‘having connections’ to other people. The key mediating factor to enable tenancy sustainment was taking control over activities. The findings were synthesised to propose a framework of factors that influence successful tenancy sustainment. Engagement in occupations, as individuals established and sustained tenancies, provided a sense of well-being, a sense of control as well as social connections. This indicates the value, to all who support individuals leave homelessness, of providing opportunities and supporting tenants to engage in personally meaningful occupations. In addition, this thesis provides a foundation for the development of an occupational therapy intervention for tenancy sustainment following homelessness.

Introduction: Children experience responses and expectations from those around them concerning their gender in relation to what is and what is not acceptable in their play choices. Stereotypically gendered play opportunities may create boundaries in children’s play choices and lead to gender-related occupational injustices. There is a limited amount of studies regarding occupational therapists’ perception of gender and how it impacts the practice of play in occupational therapy. Aim: To explore how occupational therapists perceive gender when encountering children in play interventions. Method: A qualitative study was conducted consisting of ten semi-structured interviews. A content analysis was performed by Giorgi`s method of analysis with a deductive approach. Results: Two main categories gender awareness and equal play were obtained from six concepts: client-centered and occupation focused encountering’s, gender role stereotypes in play, the influence of gender in play, play interventions and roles, environment and toys, and occupational therapy offering opportunities to feel accepted and to learn new things.  Conclusions: The six concepts found can be related to the occupational outcomes of justice. Significance: The study findings could provide avenues to explore how gender-related occupational injustices can be prevented and how an awareness of gender can contribute to equal play opportunities.

Background: Animal Assisted Therapy has increased within occupational therapy.Occupational threapists may use animals within the profession, but the description of how these occupational therapy interventions are conducted is missing.Aim:This scoping study explored how canine assisted occupational therapy is described and conducted. Material and methods: A scoping review method was applied to explore, summarize and describe canine-assisted octupational therapy practice. Six databases and manual search of identified literature utilized search terms focusing on Animal Assisted Therapy and Occupational Therapy. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify emergent themes. Results: From 148 pappers, after duplicates removed, only four papers, representing two studies, met full inclusion/exclusion criteria, which focuced solely on autistic children. Two themes emerged: social interaction with a therapy dog, and description of activities, skills and goals in canine- assisted interventions. The second theme consisted of subthemes: social interaction and motor skills practice and practicing activities of daily living with therapy dog. Conclusion: Therapy dogs were described as acting agents to facilitate participant engagement and participating as a third member in the therapeutic process. Further research is needed to consider the extent to which CA-OT contributes to clientsachieving their therapeutic goals. Significance: This study highlights how canine- assisted therapy is described and used in occupational therapy.

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This qualitative study explored and described the lived experience of people with brain injuries with regard to resuming their worker roles. Based on the results, an occupational therapy practice model to facilitate return to work was developed. The theoretical framework of occupational science with emphasis on occupational risk factors informed the study. The research design was a theory generative design based on a qualitative, phenomenological, explorative and descriptive research approach utilizing the methods of theory generation as advocated by Chinn and Kramer (1999), Walker and Avant (2005) and Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968).

This qualitative study explored and described the lived experience of people with brain injuries with regard to resuming their worker roles. Based on the results, an occupational therapy practice model to facilitate return to work was developed. The theoretical framework of occupational science with emphasis on occupational risk factors informed the study. The research design was a theory generative design based on a qualitative, phenomenological, explorative and descriptive research approach utilizing the methods of theory generation as advocated by Chinn and Kramer (1999), Walker and Avant (2005) and Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968).

Elevhälsan består av flera olika professioner som tillsammans bygger upp ett elevhälsoteam. Målsättningen för elevhälsoteam är att arbeta tillsammans mot att alla elever ska vara delaktiga i sina skolaktiviteter och känna att de klarar av dessa aktiviteter. Hur elevhälsans teamarbete sker kan möjliggöra eller hindra elevers delaktighet i skolaktiviteter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur elevhälsan upplever sitt teamarbete och dess påverkan på elevernas förutsättningar till delaktighet i skolaktiviteter. I studien genomfördes två kvalitativa fokusgruppsintervjuer med två olika elevhälsoteam. Elevhälsoteamen bestod av åtta professioner och totalt deltog tolv individer i fokusgruppsintervjuerna. Resultatet visade att elevhälsoteamen upplevde att deras samarbete hade en positiv inverkan på elevernas möjlighet till delaktighet och att samarbetet som de har är väl fungerande men att det samtidigt finns hinder inom teamet som skulle kunna förbättras. Bland de möjliga förbättringsområdena ansåg elevhälsoteamen att de behövde mer resurser för att få mer tid till sina elever och till sitt förebyggande arbete. En vidareutveckling av studien rekommenderas för att kunna få en ökad förståelse för individuella åsikter inom elevhälsoteamen och göra en jämförelse mellan kollektiva och individuella åsikter i gruppen / Student health care involves multiple professions that together build a multiprofessional team. These teams work to promote student health care and participation in school-based activities. Depending on how well this teamwork functions it can either be an enabling or an obstructive factor for the student’s participation in their school-based activities. This study aims to investigate how student health care teams experience their teamwork and its effect on the students’ participation in school-based activities. The study is based on two focus group interviews with two different school health care teams in Sweden. The teams consisted of a total of twelve individuals. The results of the study show that student health care teams experience their teamwork to have a positive impact on the students’ opportunity to participate in school-based activities. The teamwork functioned well, but the team members still found certain things to improve. One factor the teams discussed was a need for more time for their preventive work. A further development of this study is recommended to gain an understanding of the individual thoughts within the student health teams, and through that make a comparison with the collective view of the team.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This qualitative study explored and described the lived experience of people with brain injuries with regard to resuming their worker roles. Based on the results, an occupational therapy practice model to facilitate return to work was developed. The theoretical framework of occupational science with emphasis on occupational risk factors informed the study. The research design was a theory generative design based on a qualitative, phenomenological, explorative and descriptive research approach utilizing the methods of theory generation as advocated by Chinn and Kramer (1999), Walker and Avant (2005) and Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968). / South Africa

Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a condition that affects the whole family on many levels and is important to consider the management of the disease and its impact on occupational participation and engagement in daily activities. Aim: To explore the natural occupational adaptation process (OAP) and its impact on daily activities among individuals and families with OI. Method: Using Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step Scoping Study Framework (2005), a scoping review of 24 articles from seven online databases and literature hand-searching was conducted. Data extraction was performed for all studies that met the eligibility and quality criteria. Five main themes containing several subthemes were emerged in qualitative inductive thematic analysis. Findings: Findings from 24 reports highlight the social and emotional impact along with the physical challenges of living with OI that direct into adaptation process. Different occupational adaptation strategies that emerged in the data help overcome physical deficits and psychosocial implications and facilitate occupational participation and engagement in meaningful activities. Conclusions: The study confirmed these individuals’ and families’ high coping skills, despite experiencing many obstacles in their daily life. Significance: To better understand the adaptation process in OI population and give practical implications for occupational therapists to offer a better support these families need.