Syftet var att undersöka attityder till skolans arbete mot kränkande behandling utifrån skolans likabehandlingsplan och om dessa skiljer sig åt, beroende på om man är elev eller personal, på en högstadieskola i en kommun i Värmland. Genom en enkätundersökning med oberoende mätning genomfördes studien med 101 deltagare, varav 54,5 % (n=55) var elever och 45,5 % (n=46) skolpersonal.      Den aktuella studien kunde påvisa en signifikant skillnad mellan elever och skolpersonal i majoriteten av frågorna angående skolans arbete mot kränkande behandling. Resultatet tyder på att det finns skillnader i hur elever och skolpersonal uppfattar situationer där någon blir kränkt och därför även agerar olika. Studien påvisar att personalen i högre grad påstår att de tar itu med de frågor som rör mobbaren än offret, medan eleverna ligger relativt jämnt på de frågorna. Dock var både elever och skolpersonal överens i frågan om att det är viktigt att ha en kompis i skolan.      Vidare visade studien att eleverna i högre grad skulle försöka höja den utsattas självförtroende i mobbningssituationer jämfört med vad lärarna skulle. Personalen skulle istället arbeta för att jämna ut maktobalansen mellan de två genom att sänka mobbarens makt snarare än att höja den utsattas. Det framkom även att personalen uppgav att de i högre grad hade läst, förstått och varit delaktiga i utformandet av skolans likabehandlingsplan än eleverna.                       Med andra ord framkom att det finns skillnader i attityden till skolans förebyggande arbete mot kränkande behandling mellan personal och elever. Dessutom framkom att skolpersonalen i högre grad fokuserade på mobbaren än offret i situationer där någon blir utsatt för kränkande behandling, samt att personalen i högre grad angav att de läst, förstått och varit involverad i skolans likabehandlingsplan än eleverna. / The aim was to investigate attitudes to the school’s work against offensive behaviour based on the school’s treatment plan and if they differ depending on whether you are a student or school staff at a secondary school in a municipality in Värmland. Through a questionnaire with independent measurement, a study with 101 participants, of which 54.5 % (n = 55) were students and 45.5 % (n = 46) were school staff, was executed.      The current study shows a significant difference between students and school staff in a majority of the questions regarding the school’s work against offensive behaviour.      The results suggest that there are differences in how students and school staff perceive situations where someone gets offended and therefore also act differently. The study shows that the school staff claim that they address the issues related to the bully to a greater extent than the victim, while the students answered relatively even on the questions. However, both students and school staff agree on that it is important to have a friend at school.      Furthermore, the study shows that students would try to raise the self-confidence of the victim in bullying situations to a greater extent compared to the teachers. Instead, the school staff would work to even out the imbalance of power between the two by lowering the bully’s power rather than increasing the victim’s power. It also shows that the school staff said that they have read, understood, and been involved in designing the school's treatment plan to a greater extent than the students.                       In other words, it appeared as if there are differences in the attitude to the school’s work against offensive treatment between staff and students. Furthermore, it appeared as if the school staff to a higher extent focused on the bully than the victim in situations where someone is exposed to offensive treatment, and that the staff to a higher extent said that they had read, understood and been involved in the school’s treatment plan than the students.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, School of Education, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Gerald G. Brown. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39). Also available online.

Qualquer disciplina científica que se entenda como tal deve, constantemente, avaliar criticamente o mérito interno de suas abordagens, em termos de sua progressividade e da geração de conhecimento relevante. É exatamente a este tipo de reflexão que o presente trabalho doutoral se propõe, tendo como objeto a teoria das relações internacionais. Trata-se, efetivamente, de um exercício situado na fronteira entre a epistemologia, ou teoria do conhecimento, e a apreciação teórica das dinâmicas da política internacional. Precisamente, propõe-se uma análise do fôlego teórico-científico da vertente estrutural do realismo político, da forma desenvolvida seminalmente por Kenneth Waltz, diante de emendas teóricas incorporadas pelo realismo ofensivo de John Mearsheimer. Como uma tal discussão não pode prescindir de uma referência metateórica, optou-se pela aplicação da Metodologia dos Programas de Pesquisa Científicos desenvolvida por Imre Lakatos. Espera-se com esta investigação trazer três contribuições fundamentais ao estudo teórico das relações internacionais: (i) o delineamento da proposta epistemológica de Lakatos e de seus critérios de aplicação, bem como a discussão de sua adequação às ciências sociais, em geral, e à teoria das relações internacionais, em particular; (ii) sistematizar o realismo estrutural na forma de um programa de pesquisa científico, identificando seu núcleo duro, seu cinturão de proteção de hipóteses auxiliares e suas heurísticas negativa e positiva; e (iii) demonstrar que o realismo ofensivo mearsheimeriano representa uma mudança teórica intraprogramática progressiva no interior do Programa de Pesquisa Científico do Realismo Estrutural. / Any scientific field of research must constantly and critically evaluate its internal developments, in terms of progressiveness and the construction of significant knowledge. That is precisely what the present dissertation is set out to do, regarding the theory of international relations. It is indeed an exercise located at the frontier between epistemology and the theoretical understanding of the international political dynamics. Specifically, the theoretical-scientific depth of structural realism, as seminally developed by Kenneth Waltz, will be analyzed in face of recent theoretical amendments proposed by John Mearsheimer\'s offensive realism. Since such an approach cannot be conducted in the absence of a metatheoretical referential, Imre Lakatos\' Methodology of Scientific Research Programs (MSRP) will be applied. Three main contributions are expected to follow from our study: (i) a clearer understanding of Lakatos\' epistemology proposal and its criteria, as well as a discussion of the adequacy of the MSRP for the social sciences, in general, and the theory of international relations, in particular; (ii) a more systematic approach to structural realism as a scientific research program, identifying its hard core, its protective belt of auxiliary hypothesis and its negative and positive heuristics; and (iii) the appreciation of offensive realism as a progressive theoryshift for the Structural Realist Research Program.

Orientador: Sergio Augusto Cunha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T15:41:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ziskind_FernandoSantana_M.pdf: 1924673 bytes, checksum: bfe8cad97429390b86db1ee6c588e94d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A análise de jogos de futebol apresenta uma vasta gama de possibilidades que podem estar relacionadas ao desempenho dos atletas e ao resultado do jogo. Em relação a aplicações de análises matemáticas no futebol, a principal forma para analisar a velocidade do ataque na literatura foi apresentada por Yue et al. (2008). O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um modelo de análise da velocidade de progressão da bola ao gol no futebol e apresentar os resultados de dez jogos da elite do futebol brasileiro. Os jogos foram filmados com quatro a seis câmeras digitais (7,5 a 30 Hz) e as coordenadas bidimensionais dos jogadores durante a partida foram obtidas pelo software Dvideo (Figueroa, Leite e Barros, 2006a; b). As ações técnicas também foram registradas pelo software Dvideo, conforme Moura (2006). Foram levadas em consideração na análise todas as sequências ofensivas do jogo com pelo menos quatro ações técnicas. Em cada sequência ofensiva, para cada par de ações sequenciais (ai e ai+1), os vetores VPG foram calculados obedecendo a seguinte equação: VPG = (vm ? gu)gu onde gu é o vetor unitário de g, definido pelo ponto médio entre as duas ações ai e ai+1 (ponto M) e o ponto médio do gol (G); vm tem direção e sentido definidos pela diferença da posição das ações ai e ai+1, origem no ponto M e módulo igual à velocidade média da bola. Nos casos em que ||VPG|| for diferente de zero, houve progressão ou afastamento da bola em relação ao gol. Sempre que a distância euclidiana entre a ação ai+1 e o gol for menor do que a distância euclidiana entre a ação ai e o gol, isso representará progressão da bola ao gol. Caso contrário, terá ocorrido afastamento. Foram considerados na análise apenas os casos de progressão ao gol. Os resultados para 10 jogos foram apresentados por média e desvio padrão dos valores de ||VPG||. As equipes 5, 13, 17 e 19 obtiveram valores de ||VPG|| significativamente maiores na faixa 1 (próxima ao gol) em comparação com a faixa 2 (longe do gol) da mesma equipe. Equipes que venceram obtiveram valores de ||VPG|| significativamente maiores na faixa 2 do que equipes que perderam. Além disso, os vetores VPG foram apresentados graficamente para 17 gols analisados e para todas as sequências ofensivas terminadas em finalização de cada equipe. Concluiu-se que, além de ter sido possível caracterizar o ataque das equipes com base na velocidade de progressão da bola ao gol, a análise das sequências ofensivas no futebol por meio do modelo proposto apresentou particularidades das sequências ofensivas das equipes que não foram encontrados em outros estudos na literatura e que podem auxiliar na análise de desempenho no futebol / Abstract: Studies related to game analysis in soccer have shown many different variables that might be related to the athlete's performance and match result. Along the mathematical approaches of the soccer game, the main form to analyze the attack speed was presented by Yue et al. (2008). The aim of the present study was to elaborate a model to analyze the ball speed towards the goal in soccer and to show the results from 10 soccer games of Brazilian elite teams. The games were recorded with four to six cameras (7.5 to 30 Hz) and de bidimensional coordinates were obtained using the Dvideo software (Figueroa, Leite e Barros, 2006a; b). Technical actions were also registered using the Dvideo software, as shown in Moura (2006). All offensive sequences with at least four technical actions were considered in the analysis. In each offensive sequence, for every pair of sequential technical actions (ai and ai+1), the vectors VPG were calculated following this equation: VPG = (vm ? gu)gu where gu is the unit vector of g, defined by the middle point between the actions ai and ai+1 (point M) and the middle point of the target goal (G); vm has direction defined by the difference of the position of the actions ai and ai+1, magnitude as the average speed of the ball and origin in the point M. When ||VPG|| ? 0 , it means that there were progression or regression in relation to the goal. When the Euclidian distance between the action ai+1 and the goal is minor than the Euclidian distance between the action ai and the target, goal progression will have happened. Otherwise, the action will have moved the ball away from the goal. Only the cases that progression to the goal occurred were considered in the analysis. The results of ten games were presented by mean and standard deviation of ||VPG||. Teams 5, 13, 17 and 19 showed values of ||VPG|| significantly higher near the goal then far away from the goal, when comparing different sectors of the same team. Teams that won the game showed higher values of ||VPG|| far from the goal than teams that lost the games, when comparing the same sector. Also, VPG vectors were presented graphically for 17 goals and all offensive sequences ended in shots for every team. It was possible to characterize the offensive phase of the teams based on the ball speed towards the goal. In conclusion, the model proposed showed many aspects of the offensive sequences of each team that have not been presented by other studies in the literature and can be useful to analyze match performance in soccer / Mestrado / Biodinamica do Movimento e Esporte / Mestre em Educação Física

The great strategic distrust between the two world largest economic and military powers is one of the most debated topics in contemporary international relations. This thesis question if the current hegemon view its new competitor as an offensive or defensive realist state and which policies should consequently be taken. China’s policy of peaceful coexistence and the U.S attempt of global integration may not be fully compatible and the thesis illuminates the contradicting notions of China Confucius values and how they are visible in its foreign policy rhetoric. The thesis conclude by stating that the China’s ambitions in not seen as following the guidelines of a defensive realist state in the eye of the United States and that China’s so called unique characteristics and values are mere rhetoric that does not seem to shape its current foreign policy. The U.S response is so far a passive containment by increasing cooperation with other actors in the region as a balancing act while simultaneously cautiously engage and try to influence China to adopt policies fitting a global player and work for peaceful solutions to international problems. Thus China is not seen as either a friend or a foe but is currently viewed as being in a grey area of competitor and cooperator.

This paper explores theoretical propositions derived from offensive realism, applied to the instance of military export and foreign policy strategies of Russia and the U.S in the field of Africa during the post- Cold War period. The sections of this paper have disserted paradigms of this phenomena by applying the congruence method under the overarching theoretical umbrella of foreign policy analysis, to answer the question regarding does offensive realism provide relevant explanatory insight on the foreign policy of Russia and the U.S in the realm of the African security nexus? The study concludes that the degree as to which offensive realism provides relevant explanatory insight on the foreign policy strategies of the actors is strongly competitive in contrast to other explanatory theories. The study further adds to the propositions of the theoretical framework by arguing that it is conceivable that the ambition to prevent the rise of another hegemon is likely to be prioritized within foreign policy strategy to a greater extent than has been previously asserted, and has in some cases been seen as more imperative than the aspect of maximizing the domestic security, and thus survival.

No description available.

This thesis presents a strategic analysis on the possibility of use of offensive cyber capabilities by NATO in its defensive efforts. There is a vast array of academic literature regarding the strategic value of the use of offensive capabilities in cybersecurity, and NATO's cyber posture, however, there is little available regarding the relationship between both. Through the use of tools borrowed from Strategic Studies, this thesis attempts to determine whether it is possible to formulate valid cybersecurity strategies for the use of offensive cyber capabilities from the combination of known academic concepts with current NATO capabilities. The thesis also analyzes the possible implications of using such strategies as well as the underlying causes of their potential success or failure. Viana, André Lopes C. NATO and Offensive Cybersecurity: A Strategic Analysis, [number of pages]p. Master Thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Supervisor PhDr. Vít Střítecký, M.Phil., Ph.D.

The topic of the diploma thesis is the success of offensive game systems in basketball in the age categories U17 and U19. The aim of this work is to map and compare the offensive game attack game system of counterattack and the attack game systems of gradual attack in the teams of the Jižní Supi in twenty matches. Research has shown that a more successful offensive game system is a fast-paced attack game system. The partial goals were to compare individual attack game systems between the age categories U17 and U19. From this comparison, it turned out that the U17 age category is more successful in using the attack game system of fast counterattack. The U19 age category is more succcessful in using the attack game system of gradual attack. The difference between the two offensive game systems is in units of percent. The research method is indirect structured observation, the researh is of a quantitative nature. KEYWORDS: success, offensive game system, basketball, U17, U19