This thesis aims to shed light on the differences between offensive and a specific version of neoclassical realism on their expectations regarding how a great power shapes its environment. The neoclassical framework proposed in this work constitutes an independent variable captured by the polarity in the system, an intervening variable of state capacity, and a dependent variable of revisionist foreign policy. It is argued that along with multipolarity and bipolarity, there is a need to incorporate unipolarity in structural realist accounts. Analysed from this perspective, great powers feel high external pressure due to the nature of unipolarity, which diminishes the value of pure structural frameworks. In this respect, the incorporation of state-level factors provides more reliable analyses for explaining anxious great powers` strive for regional hegemony. As a result, neoclassical realism is better equipped to explain Russia`s revisionist foreign policy.

For a graph G = (V, E), a non-empty set S ⊆ V is a defensive alliance if for every vertex v in S, v has at most one more neighbor in V - S than it has in S, and S is an offensive alliance if for every v ∈ V - S that has a neighbor in S, v has more neighbors in S than in V - S. A powerful alliance is both defensive and offensive. We initiate the study of powerful alliances in graphs.

Let G = (V (G), E(G)) be a graph, and let k ≥ 1 be an integer. A set S ⊆⊆ V (G) is called a global offensive k-alliance if ΙN(ν) ∩ SΙ ≥ ΙN(ν)-SΙ+k for every ν ε V (G)-S, where N(v) is the neighborhood of ν. The global offensive k-alliance number γko(G) is the minimum cardinality of a global o ensive k-alliance in G. We present di erent bounds on γko(G) in terms of order, maximum degree, independence number, chromatic number and minimum degree.

This thesis is about the military conflict in eastern and southern territories of Ukraine, including the Crimean crisis and War in the Donbas area that took place from 2014 till this present time (2020). According to international law, these regions are still part of Ukraine, however, Russia de facto controls the Crimea Peninsula and the Donbass region. Due to dissatisfaction with the dismissal of Ukrainian President Yanukovych, Crimea opposed the new central government with the help of Russian military forces. Subsequently, they elected their own parliament and voted to declare independence. They then successfully held a referendum on whether to "return" to Russia which is biased and condemned by the international community. The referendum claimed to be passed with a very high number of votes although both the turnout and the votes in favor have been questioned, then Crimea officially joined the Russian Federation. The results of the Crimean referendum were not accepted by the Ukrainian government, and Russia was also sanctioned by the Western-based international community due to this crisis. What's more, part of the pro-Russian region in eastern Ukraine has also followed the independence of Crimea and intended to "rejoin" Russia Federal. After the two Minsk treaties, in spite of the fact that...

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Title: Analysis of offensive combinations of the Czech national team women's World Cup 2010 in Japan and its comparison with the women's team PVK Olymp Praha. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to compare the success of offensive combinations of the Czech national team women's World Cup 2010 in Japan and its comparison with the women's team extraligovým PVK Olymp Praha in the domestic league. Method: I used the method of analysis of video games in the Czech women's representation in the 2010 World Cup in Japan and PVK Olymp Praha team I always watched and analyzed live from Olymp's Hall in Prague and its rivals. For more accurate results, I also used video recordings of selected matches. The analysis is presented graphically, and I also made a quantitative and qualitative research offensive combinations constructed under separate analysis. Results: The results clearly show the differences between the two teams being compared in their offensive combinations and their success. Keywords: Volleyball Individual sporting activities Offensive punch Offensive combination Women's senior volleyball Women's top domestic competition World Cup 2010 in Japan

Studien ämnade att undersöka om det fanns en skillnade avseende aggressivitet hos personer som spelade det våldsamma skjutspelet Counter Strike: Global Offensive och personer som spelade det icke-våldsamma fotbollspelet FIFA17. Självskattad aggressivitet mättes genom att använda Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Deltagarna rekryterades genom facebookgrupper dedikerade till vardera spel och fick besvara en enkät om spelvanor och aggressivitet. Resultaten visade att det fanns en signifikant skillnad avseende ilska, där FIFA17-spelarna fick ett högre resultat. Det visades också att Counter Strike: Global Offensive-spelarna inte fick ett signifikant högre resultat än normpopulationen. Resultaten går emot mycket tidigare forskning som argumenterar för att upprepat spela våldsamma spel ger upphov till en ökad aggressivitet. Studien visar därmed att tidigare uppsatta teorier och modeller kanske inte är applicerbara på alla typer av spel, samt att det inte är våldet i ett spel som avgör huruvida spelarens aggressivitet förändras. / The study’s goal was to examine if there was a difference in aggression between subjects who played the violent shooter game Counter Strike: Global Offensive and subjects who played the nonviolent soccer game FIFA17. Self-reported aggression was measured with the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. The participants were recruited through Facebook groups dedicated to each game and answered a survey about gaming habits and aggression. The results showed that there was a significant difference in anger, where the FIFA17-players scored higher. It also showed that the Counter Strike: Global Offensive-players did not score higher than the norm values of the instrument. The results go against a lot of the earlier research, which has shown that repeatedly playing violent games leads to an increase in aggression. Through this, the study shows that the established theories and models might not be applicable to all types of games, and that it might not be the violence in a game that is the determining factor whether the player’s aggression is changed.

La Seconde Guerre mondiale occupe une place centrale dans la mémoire collective britannique. Érigée en véritable mythe national, la guerre a une telle prégnance dans l’espace public en Grande-Bretagne que certains commentateurs n’hésitent pas à parler d’une obsession nationale pour le conflit. Elle en vient à constituer l’une des facettes de la « Britishness », de l’identité nationale britannique, à une heure où celle-ci est plus que jamais débattue et soumise au questionnement. Afin de déterminer si la Seconde Guerre mondiale est un mythe britannique ou un mythe anglais, ses représentations dans les pays constitutifs du Royaume-Uni et en Irlande sont ici étudiées. Les aspirations nationalistes écossaises semblent en effet avoir une influence sur les représentations de la guerre en Écosse ; quant à l’Irlande, bien qu’elle soit restée neutre pendant le conflit, cette neutralité est aujourd’hui remise en question au profit d’une interprétation selon laquelle le pays aurait soutenu sans réserve – quoique tacitement – les Alliés. Alors que le visage de la Grande-Bretagne est résolument multi-ethnique, cette étude cherche à déterminer dans quelle mesure les anciens peuples coloniaux et du Commonwealth se reconnaissent dans les représentations traditionnelles dominantes. Au coeur d’une vague de commémoration de la Seconde Guerre mondiale sans précédent, un exemple fait figure d’exception : celui des équipages du Bomber Command. Longtemps critiqués et mis à l’écart des pratiques commémoratives et de la mémoire collective britannique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en raison de leur participation à la très controversée campagne aérienne stratégique (dont les bombardements firent des dizaines de milliers de victimes parmi les populations civiles allemandes), les équipages du Bomber Command sont aujourd’hui élevés au rang de héros en Grande-Bretagne. Le tout nouveau statut héroïque du Bomber Command marque un tournant dans l’historiographie de la campagne aérienne stratégique et dans le débat public britannique. / The Second World War occupies a central place in British collective memory. The war, which is considered to be a national myth in Britain, remains pervasive in the British public debate to the point that some commentators call it a national obsession. The war constitutes one of the facets of Britishness at a time when British national identity is much debated and open to question. The representations of the Second World War in Scotland, Wales and Ireland are examined in order to determine whether the war is a British myth or an English myth. Scottish nationalist aspirations, for instance, seem to have an influence on the way the conflict is represented in Scotland. At a time when Britain is more than ever ethnically diverse, this study seeks to determine the extent to which former colonial peoples are able to recognise themselves in the traditional representations of the war which dominate the public debate in Britain. In the midst of an unprecedented boom in remembrance, the Bomber Command crews are an exception. Although their role in the combined bomber offensive (which caused thousands of victims among the German civilian population) had been subjected to much criticism and excluded bomber crews from the myth of the war, they are now hailed as heroes in Britain. Bomber Command’s newly-found heroic status is a turning point in the historiography of the air offensive and the British public debate.

An ordinary gamer - a qualitative analysis of the treatment of women in CS:GO is an essay with the aim to examine the treatment of women who play CS:GO, and the influence of the response and to highlight the player interaction and communication in the game and its influence on the individual. With questions concerning treatment, the consequences of treatment and future interest in gaming and the gaming industry, the paper examines how a selection of women look at the treatment they receive in CS:GO. The essay also focuses on player interaction and communication in the game, and examines the importance of communication in the game, and the impact on the individual. To analyze the result, gender theories regarding femininity, masculinity, queer, gender hierarchy and patriarchal structures was used. The study was conducted with 10 qualitative interviews of girls aged 14-24 years who play or have played CS:GO. The study also uses a more ethnographic method where I play the game to observe the communication, treatment and response at close range. The result show a broad picture of the response to that woman gets, and contains stories about the good, bad and neutral approach. The results also show that the treatment is something very subjective and different for all individuals. Furthermore, the results also shows patriarchal structures within the game and how men use power and violence in order to organize women. Regarding communication and play interaction, is it through interviews and observations clear that communication plays an important role in the game and affect the individual to either play better or worse depending on what type of response and treatment the player gets. Conclusions are that women that play CS:GO are treated in different ways, some take it more personally than other and some are affected bigger than other. Some women choose not to play the game or only play with friends while other choose to play with an anonymous profile and to distort their voice.

<p>All languages have words that are considered taboo – words that are not supposed to be said or used. Taboo words, or swearwords, can be used in many different ways and they can have different meanings depending on what context they appear in. Another aspect of taboo words is the euphemisms that are used in order to avoid obscene speech. This paper will focus on x-words, words like the f-word or the c-word, which replace the words fuck or cunt, but as the study will show they also have other meanings and usages.</p><p>The purpose of this paper is also to investigate the significance of taboo words and their usage in English, as well as research on how they are used, or not used, in media. The aim is to examine how x-words are used in the British newspapers the Guardian and the Observer by using corpus searches.</p><p>The results show that there are several ways of using x-words, and that using them in order to show that a word either is taboo, or has become taboo in a certain context, is the most common way. It is also clear that x-words can represent many different words, and not only words that are generally considered taboo.</p>