Master project is dedicated to design nearly zero-energy office building with retail spaces in Žilina. The first part deals with architectural – building design. Building is designed for the plot nr. 7011 with flat surface and there is no other building. The building has three above-ground floors and one underground floor. Retail spaces are on the ground floor. The building is constructed on foundation strips and pads. The building is made of combined load-bearing structural system of reinforced concrete columns and external walls. External load-bearing structures of above ground floors are designed from reinforced concrete and Ytong system supplemented by ETICS made of mineral wool. Underground walls are made from watertight concrete. Floor slab structures are made from reinforced concrete. The building is covered with green warm flat roof. The second part deals with building interior installation. The primary source of heat, coldness and hot water is the heat pump. Ventilation in the building is provided by heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) units. The third part of the thesis includes the design and assessment of the photovoltaic power plant in terms of economics and ecology. The project was carried out in the AutoCad system. All structures comply with the valid standards and regulations.

This diploma thesis is deal with design of steel structure of office building. Layout of building is rectangular with dimensions 45x34m, with one storey below earth and five storey above earth. Height of building is 21,5 m (from ground). The main structure of building is created by nine steel frames in cross direction. Between frames are inserted composite steel and concrete beams. The roof is flat. The surface of facade is glass created by aluminium structure with columns and rails.

The field of building services and the topic of interior user-centric climate has been gaining on importance in recent years. The pandemic of COVID-19 has resulted in an increased amount of time spent indoors, extensive energy usage in the built environment, and has also brought up the important issue of a pleasant interior climate. These two implications have become prominent on top of the ones resulting from the existent, persistently growing threat which is posed on our planet by climate change. Rising temperatures & increasing amount of sunlight, extensive energy consumption due to higher demand for cooling and heating, especially in large buildings (i.e. office buildings) occupied by large amounts of people with different preferences and user habits - these are all challenges we now have to face. Considering these challenges, this thesis suggests how a holistic approach could protect against them, mitigate their further development and so prevent their future impact on us humans. The overarching goal of this thesis, the pursuit of the “ideal” interior climate in office buildings, is achieved through setting up scenarios where different variations of daylighting, thermal comfort and energy consumption will be experimented with. The “ideal” interior climate will then be determined through assessing these scenarios and their corresponding results, yielding a recommendation for building future office spaces - these will no longer be only functional and provide shelter, but will also support interior occupant comfort and be efficient while doing so.

This thesis investigates the possibilities of using hybrid ventilation in an office building in Stockholm. The focus is on simulating the natural airflow to find out for which conditions it is sufficient. The thesis is done at White Arkitekter AB in cooperation and under the supervision of environmental specialists working there. A literature study is carried out to study what has been done before in Sweden as well as in other countries. Computer simulations are used to simulate the airflow to examine the conditions and architecture. A synthetic computer model representing a realistic office building is built up as a starting point. The ventilation method for the natural ventilation part is to take air in through the fa\c{c}ade and use the stack effects in an atrium for natural ventilation. By altering the architecture and the sizes of the openings according to the results from the simulations the building is dimensioned and formed to cope with the rules and requirements about the indoor air quality in workplaces. The simulations are done with a multi zone energy performance simulation tool that can simulate airflows and indoor air climate conditions in the zones as well as the energy consumption. Computational fluid dynamics calculations are then used to more closely simulate the conditions within the zones. The results from those simulations suggest that the natural ventilation as a part of a hybrid ventilation works for all the floors of the building for up to 10$\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$. The computational fluid dynamics simulations showed that the thermal comfort of all the occupants is fulfilled for these conditions but there is a risk of occupants experiencing draught because of to high velocities in the air especially for the colder outdoor temperatures. For the higher outdoor temperatures the airflow needs to be enforced to ensure sufficient conditions for the occupants and for the colder temperatures mechanical ventilation is needed to decrease heat losses and avoid the risk of draught.

We are currently facing a global climate crisis, which demands that we decrease our energy consumption and carbon footprint. An essential area of focus is the energy optimization of buildings. Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the current indoor climate within the office building Vråken in Västerås and investigate different measures for the ventilation system and identify potential energy and cost savings. Method: A literature review was carried out to establish the theoretical foundation and examine previous research in the subject area. The staff's perception of the indoor climate within the office building was evaluated through a survey. Relevant information was collected to understand the building's construction and current ventilation system. Further on, a model of the office building was established in IDA ICE to simulate the two selected ventilation measures. Finally, a life cycle cost calculation compared the profitability of the studied measures. Results: The results indicate that the measures have a minor impact on the indoor climate compared to the reference case. Assessing the changes in the indoor climate is challenging due to multiple climate parameters and the simulation results of this study are considered uncertain. The results show that the energy consumption of ventilation can be reduced by 46 or 51%. This corresponds to an annual energy savings of either 122 or 110 MWh, depending on the chosen measure. The first measure, which involves installing zone dampers on each floor, has an estimated investment cost of 92 531 SEK. The second measure, which entails equipping one of the floors with a separate air handling unit, is estimated to cost 388 650 SEK. The profitability assessment shows that the reduction in the total life cycle cost is 2 683 332 SEK for the first measure and 2 631 543 SEK for the second measure. In total, both measures result in a cost savings of 45 or 44% over a period of 25 years compared to the buildings current ventilation system. Conclusions: The results from this study are influenced by several factors with varying degrees of impact, including the existing ventilation system, building model and the assessment of the indoor climate. Despite this, the results indicates that the studied measures can maintain an acceptable indoor climate and at the same time save both energy and costs for the ventilation in the office building.

Det finns flera sätt för en fastighetsägare att minska vakanser. Ett sätt är att konvertera fastigheten, eller delar av den, till ett annat ändamål som passar dagens efterfrågan. Lokalanpassningar har gjorts i alla tider med anledning av att det kan vara dyrare att riva och bygga nytt. En konvertering kan vara bra ur flera olika perspektiv. Ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv kan det leda till ökade sociala-, ekonomiska- och miljömässiga värden. Under 1970-talet byggdes många kommersiella fastigheter runt om i världen. Historiskt sett har den kommersiella fastighetsbranschen varit cyklisk. Nederländerna var ett land som under 1990-talet led av höga vakanser, framförallt på kontorsfastigheter. Under slutet av decenniet skapades verktyget Conversion Meter som ett hjälpmedel för att bedöma potentialen att konvertera kontorsfastigheter till bostäder.   Idag finns tecken på att kontorsfastigheter inte möter hyresgästernas krav. Effektiva och flexibla kontorsfastigheter i centrala lägen är, ur hyresgästernas perspektiv, en attraktiv arbetsplats. Föråldrade kontorsfastigheter i perifera lägen har en lägre efterfrågan och riskerar i framtiden att få en ännu högre vakansnivå.  Samtidigt finns en stark efterfrågan på bostäder för äldre runt om i landet. Sverige står inför utmaningen att tillhandahålla särskilda bostäder för den åldrande befolkningen. En konvertering av föråldrade kontorslokaler i perifera lägen till denna typ av bostäder kan på många sätt ses som en möjlighet. Några av anledningarna är att fastighetens lokalisering är mindre avgörande, möjlighet att teckna längre hyresavtal till en generellt sett högre hyresnivå än för kontorslokaler samt möjlighet till statliga subventioner. Studien har undersökt möjligheten att utveckla Conversion Meter för att ta fram ett verktyg som kan vara tillämpbart vid en konvertering av kontorsfastigheter till särskilt boende för äldre på den svenska marknaden. Tre fallstudier har genomförts med den modifierade versionen av Conversion Meter. Studien visar att det går att modifiera Conversion Meter. Det modifierade verktyget har i studien kompletterats med en kassaflödesanalys samt med ett tillägg i checklistan för riskbedömning. Studien har visat att verktyget huvudsakligen modifierats utifrån målgruppens preferenser samt svenska byggnadstekniska- och juridiska aspekter.  Fallstudierna visar, med hjälp av kassaflödesanalys, att det är lönsamt att konvertera kontorsfastigheterna till särskilt boende för äldre. Störst lönsamheten visar fastigheten i Upplands Väsby. Beräkningarnas utfall påverkas av kalkylräntan, vakansnivån och skillnader i hyresnivå före och efter konverteringen. Potentiella invändningar mot studien kan vara att vissa parametrar i Conversion Meter inte är tillräckligt precisa samt att verktyget måste kontinuerligt uppdateras efter förändringar i gällande regelverk. / There are several ways for a property owner to reduce vacancies. One way is to convert the property to another purpose. Adaption of properties has always been done due to the fact that it may be more expensive to demolish and rebuild. Conversions of vacant office properties into other uses are desirable from a sustainability perspective because it may lead to an increase in social-, economic-, and environmental values. During the 1970s many commercial properties were built around the world. Historically, the commercial real estate industry has been cyclical.  Netherlands was one of the countries that suffer due to high vacancies during the real estate crisis in the 1990s, especially in office buildings. By the end of the decade, Conversion Meter was created as a tool to assess the potential of converting office properties into housing. Today there are signs that office properties do not meet the tenant’s requirements. Efficient and flexible office properties in central locations are attractive as a workplace. While outdated office properties in less popular locations have a lower demand and hence might have a risk of high vacancy rates. At the same time there is a high demand on housing for the elderly. Sweden faces the challenge of providing care homes for the aging population. A conversion of obsolete office spaces in peripheral locations into care homes can be seen as an opportunity. There are several reasons why property owners would be interested in this market. This includes the location being less sensitive to location aspects, having the possibility to establish long leases, and the ability to receive government grants during conversion as well as generally higher rental levels as compared to office spaces. The main aim of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to develop a modified version of Conversion Meter to measure the potential for converting office properties into housing for elderly in Sweden. Three case studies have been conducted by creating and using a modified version of Conversion Meter with cash flow analysis for office properties in Lidingö, Sollentuna, and Upplands Väsby municipalities. The study shows that it is possible to modify Conversion Meter to measure the potential for converting office properties into care homes. In the study, Conversion Meter has been modified to a Swedish context and a cash flow analysis has been added. Additionally, political risks have been added to the tool. The main differences between the models are the target group's preferences, legal and building law, addition of cash flow analysis, and addition of political risks. By using cash flow analysis, the case studies show that it is profitable to convert office buildings into care homes. The greatest profitability observed is in the property in Upplands Väsby. The outcome of the calculations depends on the level of interest rates, vacancy rates, and differences in rental levels before and after the conversion. Potential biases to the study include parameters in the modified Conversion Meter are not precise and the tool must undergo continuous updates after changes.

Det finns flera sätt för en fastighetsägare att minska vakanser. Ett sätt är att konvertera fastigheten, eller delar av den, till ett annat ändamål som passar dagens efterfrågan. Lokalanpassningar har gjorts i alla tider med anledning av att det kan vara dyrare att riva och bygga nytt. En konvertering kan vara bra ur flera olika perspektiv. Ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv kan det leda till ökade sociala-, ekonomiska- och miljömässiga värden. Under 1970-talet byggdes många kommersiella fastigheter runt om i världen. Historiskt sett har den kommersiella fastighetsbranschen varit cyklisk. Nederländerna var ett land som under 1990-talet led av höga vakanser, framförallt på kontorsfastigheter. Under slutet av decenniet skapades verktyget Conversion Meter som ett hjälpmedel för att bedöma potentialen att konvertera kontorsfastigheter till bostäder.   Idag finns tecken på att kontorsfastigheter inte möter hyresgästernas krav. Effektiva och flexibla kontorsfastigheter i centrala lägen är, ur hyresgästernas perspektiv, en attraktiv arbetsplats. Föråldrade kontorsfastigheter i perifera lägen har en lägre efterfrågan och riskerar i framtiden att få en ännu högre vakansnivå.  Samtidigt finns en stark efterfrågan på bostäder för äldre runt om i landet. Sverige står inför utmaningen att tillhandahålla särskilda bostäder för den åldrande befolkningen. En konvertering av föråldrade kontorslokaler i perifera lägen till denna typ av bostäder kan på många sätt ses som en möjlighet. Några av anledningarna är att fastighetens lokalisering är mindre avgörande, möjlighet att teckna längre hyresavtal till en generellt sett högre hyresnivå än för kontorslokaler samt möjlighet till statliga subventioner. Studien har undersökt möjligheten att utveckla Conversion Meter för att ta fram ett verktyg som kan vara tillämpbart vid en konvertering av kontorsfastigheter till särskilt boende för äldre på den svenska marknaden. Tre fallstudier har genomförts med den modifierade versionen av Conversion Meter. Studien visar att det går att modifiera Conversion Meter. Det modifierade verktyget har i studien kompletterats med en kassaflödesanalys samt med ett tillägg i checklistan för riskbedömning. Studien har visat att verktyget huvudsakligen modifierats utifrån målgruppens preferenser samt svenska byggnadstekniska- och juridiska aspekter.  Fallstudierna visar, med hjälp av kassaflödesanalys, att det är lönsamt att konvertera kontorsfastigheterna till särskilt boende för äldre. Störst lönsamheten visar fastigheten i Upplands Väsby. Beräkningarnas utfall påverkas av kalkylräntan, vakansnivån och skillnader i hyresnivå före och efter konverteringen. Potentiella invändningar mot studien kan vara att vissa parametrar i Conversion Meter inte är tillräckligt precisa samt att verktyget måste kontinuerligt uppdateras efter förändringar i gällande regelverk. / There are several ways for a property owner to reduce vacancies. One way is to convert the property to another purpose. Adaption of properties has always been done due to the fact that it may be more expensive to demolish and rebuild. Conversions of vacant office properties into other uses are desirable from a sustainability perspective because it may lead to an increase in social-, economic-, and environmental values. During the 1970s many commercial properties were built around the world. Historically, the commercial real estate industry has been cyclical.  Netherlands was one of the countries that suffer due to high vacancies during the real estate crisis in the 1990s, especially in office buildings. By the end of the decade, Conversion Meter was created as a tool to assess the potential of converting office properties into housing. Today there are signs that office properties do not meet the tenant’s requirements. Efficient and flexible office properties in central locations are attractive as a workplace. While outdated office properties in less popular locations have a lower demand and hence might have a risk of high vacancy rates. At the same time there is a high demand on housing for the elderly. Sweden faces the challenge of providing care homes for the aging population. A conversion of obsolete office spaces in peripheral locations into care homes can be seen as an opportunity. There are several reasons why property owners would be interested in this market. This includes the location being less sensitive to location aspects, having the possibility to establish long leases, and the ability to receive government grants during conversion as well as generally higher rental levels as compared to office spaces. The main aim of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to develop a modified version of Conversion Meter to measure the potential for converting office properties into housing for elderly in Sweden. Three case studies have been conducted by creating and using a modified version of Conversion Meter with cash flow analysis for office properties in Lidingö, Sollentuna, and Upplands Väsby municipalities. The study shows that it is possible to modify Conversion Meter to measure the potential for converting office properties into care homes. In the study, Conversion Meter has been modified to a Swedish context and a cash flow analysis has been added. Additionally, political risks have been added to the tool. The main differences between the models are the target group's preferences, legal and building law, addition of cash flow analysis, and addition of political risks. By using cash flow analysis, the case studies show that it is profitable to convert office buildings into care homes. The greatest profitability observed is in the property in Upplands Väsby. The outcome of the calculations depends on the level of interest rates, vacancy rates, and differences in rental levels before and after the conversion. Potential biases to the study include parameters in the modified Conversion Meter are not precise and the tool must undergo continuous updates after changes.

Im Rahmen dieser Masterarbeit wurden die Arbeitsmethoden der Tragwerksplanung eines Ingenieurbüros im Zusammenhang mit der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung innerhalb der Baubranche untersucht. Konkret sollen die Einflüsse und Möglichkeiten von Building Information Modeling auf interne Prozesse und die damit verbundene Effektivität analysiert werden. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Identifikation der Produktivität des bestehenden Workflows und einem anschließenden Vergleich mit dem im Zuge dieser Arbeit entwickelten angepassten Workflow, welcher sich im Optimalfall als effektiver herausstellt. Dieser Vergleich soll an einem Fallbeispiel, dem Neubau eines 16-geschossigen Wohnquartiers in Jena stattfinden. Dafür wird der projektbezogene Bestandsworkflow in die verschiedenen Arbeitsschritte zerlegt, strukturiert und dahingehend systematisch beschrieben. Danach erfolgt in einer ähnlichen Vorgehensweise die Entwicklung eines angepassten Workflows, welcher ebenfalls zunächst vorgestellt wird. Diese beiden Workflows werden abschließend hinsichtlich verschiedener Parameter miteinander verglichen, um eine Bewertung der Effektivität treffen zu können. Dafür werden beide Arbeitsweisen der Tragwerksplanung anhand des gleichen Schemas analysiert. Im Zuge der Analyse des angepassten Workflows erfolgt die projektbezogene Beschreibung, um eine genaue Vergleichbarkeit zu Gewährleisten. Innerhalb der abschließenden Gegenüberstellung konnten signifikante Unterschiede bezüglich der zuvor definierten Parameter festgestellt werden. Die mit der Digitalisierung verbundene BIM-Methode kann die Arbeitsweisen der Tragwerksplanung in einem Ingenieurbüro maßgeblich beeinflussen. Vor dem Hintergrund der begrenzten personellen und finanziellen Ressourcen kleinerer Unternehmen bietet eine Anpassung der Workflows völlig neue Potenziale und kann als Chance angesehen werden, um die eigene Wettbewerbsposition nachhaltig zu stärken.:Abbildungsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1 Problemstellung 1.2 Ziele und Struktur der Arbeit 2 Bauvorhaben „Solar-Quartiers“ in Jena 2.1 Projektvorstellung – Fallbeispiel 2.2 Ökonomischer Zielkonflikt zwischen den Beteiligten 3 Erläuterung der Ausgangssituation im Ingenieurbüro Hubert Beyer 4 Erläuterung von BIM-Workflows 4.1 Workflow 1: Projektbezogener Bestandsworkflow 4.1.1 Aufstellung von statischen Berechnungen 4.1.2 Modellorientierte Kommunikation zwischen den Planungsbeteiligten 4.2 Workflow 2: Angepasster projektbezogener Workflow 4.2.1 Aufstellung von statischen Berechnungen 4.2.2 Modellorientierte Kommunikation zwischen den Planungsbeteiligten 5 Analyse der betrachteten BIM-Workflows 5.1 Bestandsworkflow 5.2 Angepasster projektbezogener Workflow 5.3 Vergleich beider Workflows und Analyse der Zielerreichung 5.4 Analyse hinsichtlich des ökonomischen Zielkonfliktes 6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis Eidesstattliche Erklärung / As part of this master's thesis, the working methods of structural planning of an engineering office were examined in the context of the progressive digitalization within the construction industry. Specifically, the influences and possibilities of building information modelling on internal processes and the associated effectiveness will be analysed. The aim of the work is to identify the productivity of the existing workflow and then compare it with the adapted workflow developed in the course of this work, which in the optimal case turns out to be more effective. This comparison will take place based on a concrete case example, the new construction of a 16-storey residential quarter in Jena. For this purpose, the project-related inventory workflow was first broken down into the different work steps, structured and described systematically. Afterwards, an adapted workflow was developed using a similar approach, which was also presented initially. Finally, these two workflows should be compared with each other regarding different parameters to be able to make an evaluation regarding effectiveness. For this purpose, both methods of structural design were analysed below based on the same scheme. In the course of the analysis of the adapted workflow, the project-related description is carried out to ensure exact comparability. Within the final comparison, significant differences with respect to the previously defined parameters could be observed. The BIM method associated with digitization can significantly influence the working methods of structural planning in an engineering office. Given the limited human and financial resources of smaller companies, adapting their workflows offers completely new potential and can be seen as an opportunity to sustainably strengthen their competitive position.:Abbildungsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1 Problemstellung 1.2 Ziele und Struktur der Arbeit 2 Bauvorhaben „Solar-Quartiers“ in Jena 2.1 Projektvorstellung – Fallbeispiel 2.2 Ökonomischer Zielkonflikt zwischen den Beteiligten 3 Erläuterung der Ausgangssituation im Ingenieurbüro Hubert Beyer 4 Erläuterung von BIM-Workflows 4.1 Workflow 1: Projektbezogener Bestandsworkflow 4.1.1 Aufstellung von statischen Berechnungen 4.1.2 Modellorientierte Kommunikation zwischen den Planungsbeteiligten 4.2 Workflow 2: Angepasster projektbezogener Workflow 4.2.1 Aufstellung von statischen Berechnungen 4.2.2 Modellorientierte Kommunikation zwischen den Planungsbeteiligten 5 Analyse der betrachteten BIM-Workflows 5.1 Bestandsworkflow 5.2 Angepasster projektbezogener Workflow 5.3 Vergleich beider Workflows und Analyse der Zielerreichung 5.4 Analyse hinsichtlich des ökonomischen Zielkonfliktes 6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis Eidesstattliche Erklärung

過去文獻少有探討不動產的收益穩定性，多重視市場租金或市場空置率的變化，但隨著辦公大樓證券化投資風潮，個別大樓的租金和空置率變化，以及大樓租金收益穩定性成為投資的重要判斷指標，而其中租戶結構更是辦公大樓租金收益穩定的主要來源，也是大樓空置率的重要影響因子，成為本文研究之焦點。本文實地調查台北市主要辦公室商圈中90棟辦公大樓，並以三階段最小平方法（3SLS）聯立模型分析影響個別辦公大樓租金及空置率的因素，研究結果發現，空置率增加1%將使每坪月租金減少13.09元，但每坪月租金增加100元會造成大樓空置率上升1.55%。其次，平均每層租戶數目多、租戶平均面積大、租戶以外商公司為主體、企業平均利潤率高、「金融及保險、不動產及租賃、專業科學及技術服務業」等行業佔大樓面積比例愈高等因素，皆能有效降低辦公大樓空置率，使投資人的租金收益更穩定。由此可知，成功的辦公大樓投資或證券化，租戶結構對於空置狀況的影響應加以重視，方能確保未來擁有穩定的租金收益。 因不動產證券化發展，辦公大樓投資組合情況也應受到市場重視，本文以90棟辦公大樓進行兩兩任意組合模擬，在現有資料下，結果為相較於個別辦公大樓投資，若將辦公大樓採兩兩投資組合，能獲得較高報酬及較低風險。而分析組合內容可發現，重視大樓的建物品質比重視租戶品質更能達到效率組合，若選擇「好建物」的大樓納入投資組合中，將能提高組合的報酬；若選擇「好租戶」的大樓納入投資組合中，將能降低組合的風險。 / Previous literatures mostly focus on the change in market rental and vacancy rate of office buildings, but rarely discuss the rental income stability of real estates investment. However, with the prevalence of office building securitization as investment targets goes on, the rental income stability of individual real estates has become an important indicator for investment purposes. Among many, tenant structure, the main focus of this study, is the major source of income stability of office buildings, and also an important factor to building vacancy rate. This study makes researches of ninety office buildings in the major business areas of Taipei, applying three stage least squares(3SLS) methods to analyze the factors that affect the rental and vacancy rate of individual office buildings. The empirical results of this study suggest that increasing per 1% in vacancy rate shall make decrease monthly rent by 13.09 $NTD/ping and increasing per 100$ NTD/ping in monthly rent shall make increase1.55% in building vacancy rate. Moreover, there are many factors, such as the average number of tenants on per floor, average rental size from per tenant, foreign firms are the main tenants of office building, the average firm return rate, can all efficiently lower the vacancy rate of office buildings, and make rental returns more stable for investors. Besides, if the industries of finance and insurance, real estate and rental, science expertise and technical service make up a high proportion of total floor surface will lower the vacancy rate.Therefore we know that, for a successful office building securitization or investment, the effect of tenant structure on vacancy rate should be more recognized in order to ensure a future possession of stable rental returns. Due to the development in the Real Estate Securitization, the situations in portfolio of office buildings should receive its share of attention from the market. This paper simulates 90 office buildings into random pairs and finds out that, in contrary to stand-alone investments, investing in pairs shall yield a higher return at a lower risk. Analyzing the contents of the portfolio, we can find out that, paying more attention on the quality of the building rather than on the quality of tenants can more easily attain efficiency. Putting a “good building” into an portfolio shall increase return, and putting in a building with “good tenants” shall reduce risk.

Denna avhandling behandlar stegljudet i två trähus på campus i Växjö. Staden lyfts ofta fram som en bra förebild inom miljö- och klimatfrågor. Det kommunala fastighetsbolag som äger, förvaltar och bygger universitetets byggnader är intresserade av dessa frågor när nya hus ska byggas. De två senast byggda husen är byggda med trästomme, som anses vara ett bra miljöval. Framtida hus förväntas även de byggas med trästomme. Dessvärre lyfts ofta problem angående akustiken upp i hus med trästomme. Ett av de befintliga husen på universitetsområdet sägs ha problem med stegljud och fastighetsägaren vill att detta potentiella problem bör förbättras för framtida byggnader. Syftet med denna studie är att konstatera hur akustiken i en framtida universitetsbyggnad med trästomme bör uppfattas och vilka stegljudskrav som bör ställas på byggnaden för att upplevelsen ska vara tillfredställande. För att få den kunskap utförs en enkätundersökning och stegljudsmätningar av de befintliga husen för att kartlägga vad som uppfattas som en tillfredsställande ljudmiljö. / This thesis deals with the impact sound of two wooden buildings on the campus site in Växjö. The city is highlighted frequently as a good model on environmental and climate issues. The municipal real estate company that owns, manages and builds the university's buildings, is interested in these issues when building new houses. The two most recently built houses are constructed with wooden frames, which is considered a good environmental choice. Future house is also expected to be built with wooden frames. Unfortunately problems due to acustics are often raised. One of the existing houses at the university are said to have problems with its impact sound and the property owner want this potential problem to be improved for future buildings. The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge from two existing wooden houses in the area. To do this a survey investigating how the acoustics of the buildings are perceived is compared with measurement of impact sound measurements.