Cette thèse porte sur le rêve et le récit de rêve dans les romans d’Anne Hébert, figure majeure de la littérature québécoise. Ses objectifs sont d’identifier une typologie de rêves à partir de la place du phénomène onirique au niveau du corpus et d’analyser les particularités de la transposition des rêves dans le discours, soit leur fonctionnement, afin de démontrer l’existence d’un discours onirique hébertien encadré par le discours romanesque. Une étude narratologique portant sur le contenu, l’instance narrative, le temps de la narration et la structure des récits de rêves dans les romans d’Anne Hébert sous-tend cette recherche et conduit à plusieurs résultats. Ainsi, le rêve comme moyen de révélation du surnaturel, le rêve prémonitoire, le rêve comme forme d’exil, la rêverie, le rêve remémoratif, le rêve comme reflet de la réalité et l’hallucination sont-ils autant d’expériences qui situent le personnage hébertien dans l’entre-deux, en provoquant des ruptures dans sa perception de la veille. Le discours romanesque illustre ces scissions par une grande fragmentation et par les relations complexes qu’il entretient avec le discours onirique au niveau du contenu, de l’instance narrative, du temps de la narration et de la structure du récit onirique. / This thesis focuses on the study of dreams and recollection of dreams in Anne Hébert's novels, an important Quebecois writer. The aims of this paper are to identify a dream pattern following the importance of the oneiric phenomenon as presented in the corpus and to analyze the particularities of dream transposition into the discourse and their purpose, in order to prove the existence of a Herbertian oneiric discourse framed by the Romanesque discourse.A narrative study of the content, the narrative instance, the narrative tense and the structure of the recollection of dreams in Anne Hébert novels underlie this research and lead up to various results. Thus, the dream as manner of supernatural revelation, the premonitory dream, the dream as a way of exile, the recalling dream, the dream as a reflection of reality and imagination are all experiences that place the Hebertian character between the two of them, causing breaches into his perception of wakefulness. The Romanesque discourse shows these scissions by a wide fragmentation and through the complex relations with the oneiric discourse within the content, the narrative instance, the narrative tense and oneiric structure.

Notes on the productivity of nostalgia is a treatise on otherness and memory, framed as entries into the notebook of a no-longer-young man who decides to visit places that have a nostalgic connection to him - places where he grew up, and places where he fell in love -and who is trying to overhaul the notion that you can't look back and move forward at the same time. / [I examensarbetet ingår utställningen "Little father, glorious stump":] The exam work consisted of a three-room installation of sculptural objects, activated by a live sound performance, as well as a 3D animation projected unto one wall of the gallery. / <p>Examensarbetet består av en skriftlig del och en gestaltande del. Alternativ titel anger namnet förden gestaltande delen. </p><p>The master work includes a written essay and a forming part. The alternative title is the name of the forming part.</p>

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

M.A. / The post-apartheid period has seen growing literary interest in issues of gender and sexuality. This dissertation reads literature as a type of cultural history and engages critically with the discursive and epistemological role of fiction within a broader palimpsest of discourses, theories and nomenclatures relating to sexuality. It maps the limitations of existing epistemological hierarchies and argues for the recognition of fiction as an ephemeral and complementary archive of same-sex subjectivities. While fiction can construct and shift signifying regimes, it also engages with the complexities and nuances of individual subjectivities as well as the affective elements of narratives in interesting and important ways. Focussing particularly on K. Sello Duiker’s The Quiet Violence of Dreams (2001), Gerald Kraak’s Ice in the Lungs (2006), and Mark Behr’s Kings of the Water (2009), this dissertation examines the ways in which representations of non-heteronormative sexualities impact on post-transitional literary culture in South Africa. Transition-era texts and discourses tend to serve particular political imperatives that demand the politicisation of identities. This dissertation destabilises the existing taxonomies of sexual identities and foregrounds the fluidity of both sexual desire and individual subjectivities. Furthermore, this dissertation interrogates the signifying regimes and discursive practices with which same-sex intimacies between men are represented. In addition, it interrogates the prevailing frameworks for the study of masculinities and shows how the novels under consideration illustrate alternative ways of conceptualising gender performativity. While there are of course a multiplicity of masculinities, through a close reading of the novels I argue that the performativity of masculinities is produced by the indeterminate, though undeniable, intersections between cultural gender norms and individual agency. This dissertation’s analysis of gender representations identifies masculinities as the site for the interrogation of myriad historical and cultural discourses including those relating to the South African Defence Force, the anti-apartheid movement and post-apartheid Cape Town. Accordingly, I argue that the three post-transitional novels under consideration resist the politics of collective mobilisation and undermine ideologically-sanctioned ‘official’ histories. As both a literary and a cultural history, this dissertation engages not only with the literariness of the novels but also with how they contribute to a broader cultural history of same-sex male subjectivities in South Africa.

The aim of this essay, As only the deceived one can love, is to investigate the city character in the book Mina drömmars stad (City of dreams) by swedish author Per Anders Fogelström. I will do this by using narratology and making a narrative analysis of the city as a protagonist, with help from Jimmy Vulovic’s Narrativanalys (”narrative analysis”) and Claes Göran Holmberg’s &amp; Anders Ohlssons Epikanalys – En introduktion (”epic analysis – an introduction”). All of these three theorists use the narratological tool-box of Gérard Genette, and I will use his tools in this essay as well. By doing this I will try to point out what this kind of personification of the city does to the story, and how it affects the readers point of view. One of the steps of the narrative analysis is to seek for information about the protagonist in its own environment, to see if there are any hidden clues about the identity of their character. In his book A universe of the mind – A semiotic theory of culture, Jurij M. Lotman writes about the semiosphere of the home, and how the ultimate place to seek for details about someone’s character is in someone’s home environment or surroundings. He demonstrates his thesis by analyzing the meaning of different homes in Michail Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita. Even if I try to read the city as a main character in City of dreams, it is inevitable that the city is also a stage, a scene and the environment where the story takes place. In the end of my analysis I will look to the environment of the city to try to draw conclusions about who this city of dreams really is.

This thesis explores the metaphoric cyborg concept, based on the classic essay "A Cyborg Manifesto" by Donna J. Haraway, through Claudia Springer and her analysis of cyborgs in popular culture, and in relation to Judith Butler and queer theory. By extending the cyborg term to include contemporary forms of cyborgship such as our internet lives and personas, I advocate discussion of philosophical matters concering man/machine-compounds today rather than tomorrow. The main purpose is to restore the cyborg concept as a meaningful analytic and philosophic tool for studying man/machine-relations, in a world where other theories concerning nature/culture, man/machine/animal, subject/object, and similar dichotomies, partly lack a technological perspective. Hopefully, this thesis manages to connect three decades of cyborg reflections from several points of view, posing interesting questions about our dealings and feelings towards our dear friends – the machines.

The younger generation shows a different consumption behavior compared to previousgenerations where the attitude towards debt and loans is more relaxed. In addition, manypeople also experience difficulties with saving money and the human brain is a major factorin the connection between money and consumption behavior. Dreams is an application whereyou can save money and they argue that they increase the user’s wellbeing, feeling of safetyand motivation towards saving money. Dreams is designed for the users to be able to savemoney in an easy, fun and innovative way. The black background with white text bothclarifies and creates contrast for the user. This qualitative study that is based on semistructured interviews will analyze how Dreams persuade their users to save money. The studyis based on Fogg’s behavior model for persuasive design and Persuasive system designmodel. Both models explain persuasive design that influences behavior. The results show thatthere are design factors that contribute to users saving in Dreams as well as design factorsthat would make Dreams more persuasive. / Den yngre generationen visar ett annorlunda konsumtionsbeteende jämfört med tidigaregenerationer, där inställningen till skulder och lån är mer avslappnad. Dessutom upplevermånga svårigheter med att spara pengar och den mänskliga hjärnan är en stor faktor ikopplingen mellan pengar och konsumtionsbeteende. Dreams är en app där man kan sparapengar och de argumenterar att de ökar användarens välmående, trygghet och motivation attspara pengar. Dreams är designad för att användarna ska kunna spara pengar på ett enkelt,roligt och innovativt sätt. Den svarta bakgrunden och vita texten som tydliggör och skaparkontraster för användaren. Den här kvalitativ studien som är baserad på semistruktureradeintervjuer kommer analysera hur Dreams övertygar sina användare att spara pengar. Studienutgår från Foggs beteendemodell och Persuasive system design model. Båda modellernaförklarar övertygande design som påverkar beteende. Resultatet visar att det finnsdesignfaktorer som bidrar till att användare sparar i Dreams samt designfaktorer som skullegöra Dreams mer övertygande.

Though Sylvia Plath’s poems and novel undergo frequent scholarly research, her short fiction is often overlooked. Plath’s journals influenced her short fiction writing, and her stories reflected Plath’s lived experiences. Plath’s short fiction, like her other works, explore themes of identity and detachment. Each of her protagonists exist in a personal limbo, and they strive to find their identities and to fit the roles in which they occupy. This thesis focuses on “Mary Ventura and the Ninth Kingdom,” stories from Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams, and additional research from scholarly journals and biographies, with comparisons to identity struggles shown in The Bell Jar and The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath. I found the catalysts for their identity crises stem from observations surrounding femininity, societal roles, and psychological wellness. Furthermore, this research shows Plath’s subjective writing habits and highlights her protagonists’ commonalities throughout her writing career.

Le premier objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la relation entre l’alexithymie et différents troubles du sommeil chez des patients diagnostiqués (N= 580) selon la polysomnographie et la classification de l’American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) et chez des sujets contrôle (N= 145) en utilisant l’Échelle d’Alexithymie de Toronto à 20 items (TAS-20). Le deuxième objectif était d’estimer le lien entre l’alexithymie et des caractéristiques de rêves suivant un Questionnaire sur les Rêves de 14 items. Les résultats confirment un lien entre l’alexithymie et les troubles du sommeil. Sa prévalence était supérieure dans le groupe clinique comparativement au groupe contrôle, et était différente selon les troubles. Les hommes cotaient plus haut que les femmes à l’Échelle d’Alexithymie de Toronto à 20 items (TAS-20) et sur ses sous-échelles DDF (difficulty describing feeling) et EOT (externally oriented thinking). L’EOT pourrait être impliquée dans les troubles de sommeil en étant l’unique sous-échelle, où un effet principal des diagnostics était significatif dans le groupe clinique. Pour les rêves, le score du TAS-20 corrélait positivement avec le facteur « détresse des cauchemars »; et négativement avec « rappel de rêves » et « signification des rêves ». Les sous-échelles du TAS-20 avaient des corrélations différentes: positive entre DIF et « détresse des cauchemars », négative entre DDF et « rappel de rêves » et EOT avec « signification des rêves ». À part quelques exceptions, ces modèles sont obtenus pour les groupes cliniques et non-cliniques, et pour les hommes et les femmes dans ces deux groupes. Ces résultats suggèrent un modèle consistant, et reproductible, de relations entre l’alexithymie et les composantes des rêves. / Using a large clinical group of patients suffering from sleep disorders (N= 580) and non-clinical comparison subjects (N= 145), the first aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between alexithymia and several different sleep disorders diagnosed from polysomnography following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine classification system and using a Canadian French translation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia scale (TAS-20). The second objective was to evaluate the link between alexithymia and dream characteristics using a 14-item Dreaming Questionnaire. Results confirm a relationship between alexithymia and sleep disorders. Its prevalence was higher in the clinical than the non-clinical group and differed according to sleep disorder diagnoses. Men scored higher than women on the TAS-20 total score and on the DDF (difficulty describing feeling) and EOT (externally oriented thinking) subscales. EOT could be implicated in sleep disorders pathology as it was the only subscale for which the sleep diagnosis effect was significant in the clinical group. Concerning the second objective, TAS-20 total score correlated positively with nightmare distress and negatively with dream recall; and correlated negatively with dream meaning. TAS-20 subscales were differentially correlated with the 3 dream factors of the Dreaming Questionnaire: DIF with increased nightmare distress, DDF with decreased dream recall and EOT with decreased dream meaning. With some exceptions, these patterns were obtained for clinical and non-clinical groups and for men and women. These results suggest a consistent and replicable pattern of relationships between alexithymia and dreaming components.

Les incorporations des mémoires épisodiques dans les rêves apparaissent en formes fragmentées et suivent un modèle temporel distinct qui suit une courbe sinusoïdale. Ce modèle est caractérisé par les incorporations immédiates, qui apparaissent 1-2 jours après l’événement (effet de résidus diurnes), et les incorporations tardives, qui apparaissent 5-7 jours après l’événement (effet de délai). Ces deux effets sont considérés comme des liens entre les processus de consolidation de la mémoire et la formation du rêve. Cette courbe temporelle a été observée pour une variété de stimuli expérimentaux. Cependant, aucune étude à date n’a démontré que le contenu des rêves réagit aux événements diurnes d’une manière plus générale et non-spécifique. Le but de notre étude était d’examiner si deux événements qualitativement distincts, un séjour nocturne au laboratoire (LAB), considéré comme un événement interpersonnel, et une tâche de réalité virtuelle (RV), considérée comme un événement non-interpersonnel, sont intégrés de façon différente dans le contenu onirique. Selon nos hypothèses, 1) les éléments spécifiques liés au LAB et à RV seraient incorporés dans les rêves avec des patrons tendances temporels différents, et 2) les incorporations spécifiques seraient associées à des changements plus généraux dans le locus de contrôle (LoC) du rêve. Vingt-six participants ont passé une nuit dans le laboratoire, ont été exposé à une tâche de RV, et ont rempli un journal de rêve pendant 10 jours. Les rapports de rêve ont été cotés pour les éléments spécifiques portant sur LAB et sur RV, et pour l'évolution générale de LoC du rêve. Nos deux hypothèses ont été confirmées: 1) les incorporations de LAB et RV sont négativement corrélées et apparaissent dans le rêve selon des modèles temporels différents. Les incorporations du LAB ont suivi une courbe sinusoïdale en forme de U, avec un effet de résidu diurne et un effet de délai. Les incorporations de RV ont suivi un patron différent, et ont eu un maximum d’incorporations au jour 4. 2) les scores du LoC du rêve étaient plus externes pour le jour 1 (max incorporations du LAB) et plus internes pour le jour 4 (max incorporations de RV). Ces modèles d'incorporation distincts peuvent refléter des différences dans la façon dont les deux événements ont été traités par les processus de consolidation de la mémoire. Dans ce cas, une expérience interpersonnelle (LAB) était incorporée plus tôt dans le temps. Les résultats suggèrent que LoC du rêve reflète les processus de mémoire plus généraux, qui affectent le contenu du rêve entier, et qui sont partiellement indépendants des incorporations spécifiques. / Memories for a daytime event reappear in fragmented form in dream content following a distinct, U-shaped, temporal pattern: immediate incorporations appear on days 1-2 after the event (day-residue effect) and delayed incorporation appear on days 5-7 after the event (dream-lag effect). These two effects are thought to reflect memory consolidation processes linked with dreaming. The U-shaped pattern has been observed for a variety of experimental stimuli, however, no studies have investigated whether dream content also reacts to daytime events in a more general or non-specific way. The aim of this study was to examine whether two qualitatively distinct events, an overnight laboratory (LAB) stay, considered as an interpersonal event, and virtual reality maze task (VR), considered as a non-interpersonal event, are incorporated differently into dream content. We expected that 1) specific elements related to the LAB and VR events would be expressed with different temporal patterns, and 2) these specific incorporations would be associated with more general changes in Dream locus of control (LoC). 26 participants spent one night in the laboratory, underwent a VR maze task, and kept a dream diary for 10 days. Dream reports were scored for specific LAB and VR elements and for general changes in Dream LoC. Two main findings confirmed our expectations: 1) LAB and VR incorporations were inversely related and exhibited distinct temporal patterns. LAB incorporations were U-shaped with both day-residue and dream-lag effects. VR vi incorporations followed a different pattern, with a peak on day 4. 2) Dream LoC scores were more external for day 1 (peak of LAB incorporations) and more internal for day 4 (peak of VR incorporations). These different incorporation patterns may reflect differences in how memory consolidation processes dealt with the two events, with the interpersonal experience being incorporated earlier in time. Dream LoC findings may reflect more general memory processes that are partially independent from the specific incorporations and that affect construction of the whole dream narrative.