Background: Due to the expansion of the mine in Kiruna, a large part of the city, including the city center, needs to be relocated. The town's foundations will become fragile and collapse.  Purpose: This study will explore how Kiruna’s corporate social sustainability strategies align with sustainable development so that the new society will benefit the stakeholders. It will look at this from an organizational perspective and see how the Municipality in Kiruna and the local mining company LKAB have handled it.  Method: An interpretative and inductive approach has been used to combine exploratory and explanatory methods to collect qualitative data through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. A thematic analysis is employed to identify patterns in how the various challenges are addressed, how the municipality and LKAB perceive the situation, and areas for potential improvement in the future.  Conclusion: The study focuses on effectively integrating CSR, Stakeholder theory, and Sustainable Development theory to address complex sustainability challenges. The study focuses on the importance of stakeholder engagement, strategies, and comprehensive CSR practices to ensure the three pillars of sustainability. This research provides valuable insights for future urban relocation projects, focusing on collaboration of sustainable planning.

摘 要 「權力」，無疑是政治學，乃至於整體社會科學中極為普遍而關鍵的概念。然而綜觀過去對於它的詮解，吾人卻很難覺得它已被作了系統化的闡釋。為求權力理論累積的可能，就傳統的各式認知、說法中，我們有必要重新加以整理，完整的從中抽繹出「權力」概念之全貌的必要。只不過在此之後，我們也必須認知到，在「權力」最普遍型式的系統圖式外，其實還有一套截然不同的論述形式暗藏其中。它對傳統的權力論述造成了一種解構的效果，也讓它有自另一層面加以反省與完整化的可能。 在本論文中，於第一章，筆者除於一開始對傳統權力論內容進行簡述外，主要之著重點還是在嘗試從傳統各說中，找出一普遍型式的權力圖式，以作為用以分析一般權力現象之基本理論架構﹔在第二章□，筆者則就在本研究中作為解構權力圖式取樣來源之莊子與傅柯，兩位哲人的生平及其主體論作一概述與比較，以為後文進行理論背景架設與鋪路﹔在第三章中，筆者則先就莊子與傅柯的權力論進行介紹與比較，而後再以其與普遍型式權力圖式進行對照，從而尋求對源自傳統權力論述而來之普遍型式權力圖式完整化之目的。 在本研究中，最終之研究目的僅在於整理出「權力」概念的理論分析架構。這是解決當前權力研究被含混理解之方，也是權力研究尋求更進一步能繼往開來的唯一必經之道。它只是一個開始，一個基礎的理論建構。它的成型，除了能提供一道可回頭完整觀照、分析經驗世界中權力現象的理論視野也創造了未來權力研究學科化累積與深入的可能。 關鍵字：權力、權力結構、權力運作、莊子、傅柯、解構、Power、Power Structure、Power Operate、Foucault。

A ampla divulgação do conceito de valor econômico adicionado (EVA®) fez com que as empresas utilizassem essa medida de desempenho para evidenciar o quanto de valor foi adicionado aos seus proprietários. Essas empresas esperam que EVA®s positivos aumentem o valor da empresa no mercado. Nesse sentido, alguns estudos comprovaram uma relação forte entre o EVA® e o retorno das ações no mercado, confirmando que o EVA® positivo valoriza a empresa no mercado (FELTHAM et al, 2004; SILVEIRA et al, 2004). Entretanto, ao se analisarem as medidas contábeis tradicionais, como lucro líquido e fluxo de caixa operacional, encontra-se uma forte relação dessas medidas com o retorno das ações e uma fraca relação do EVA® com o retorno das ações (BIDDLE et al, 1997). Neste trabalho, foi aplicado o estudo de Biddle et al, para todas as empresas não-financeiras de capital aberto listadas na Bovespa, no período de 1997 a 2006. Foi apurado o lucro líquido, o fluxo de caixa operacional, o EVA® e o lucro residual (EVA® sem ajustes contábeis) e foi analisada a relação dessas medidas com o retorno das ações das empresas brasileiras. Foi analisada também a influência dos ajustes contábeis na explicação do retorno das ações, para o mesmo período. Os testes de regressões com efeito fixo e efeito aleatório para as amostras com as variáveis independentes ajustadas e não-ajustadas mostraram que o poder de explicação, medido pelo r-quadrado, encontrado nos testes foi muito baixo. Este resultado se aproximou do encontrado por Biddle et al e Feltham et al, fato este que não permitiu afirmar claramente o quanto as medidas de valor econômico e as medidas contábeis explicaram o retorno das ações e se afastou dos resultados encontrados por Silveira et al fato este que poderia evidenciar que o mercado brasileiro apresentou alguma eficiência na sua forma semi-forte. / The huge propagation of the EVA® (Economic Value Added) concept allows companies to use this performance measure to prove how much value was added for the owners. These companies hope positive EVA®s increase firm values in the market. In this direction, some studies prove a strong association between EVA® and stock returns, confirming that the positive EVA® valorizes companies in the market (Felthan et al, 2004; Silveira et al, 2004). However, when analyzing mandated performance measures, such as earning and operate cash flow, there is a strong association between these measures and the stock returns, and a weak association between EVA® and stock returns (Biddle et al, 1997). At this study, Biddle et al study was applied to all of no-financial companies with open capital listed at Bovespa, from 1997 to 2006. Earning, operate cash flow, EVA® and residual income (EVA® without accounting adjustments) were verified, and the association between these measures and Brazilian company stock returns was analyzed. The influence of accounting adjustments in the explanation of stock returns was analyzed too, in the same period of time. The tests of fixed effect regression and random effect regression for the samples with independent, adjusted and non-adjusted variables showed that the explanation power, measured by r-square, found in the tests, was very low. This result got closer to the results presented by Biddle et al, which did not allow clearly stating how much the economic value and accounting measures explain the stock returns. In the other hand, this result got far from the results presented by Silveira et al, which could prove that Brazilian market has some efficiency in its semistrong-form.

No description available.

Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) is a form of Public-Private Partnerships that is commonly used to close the growing gap between the cost of developing and modernizing transportation infrastructure systems and the financial resources available to governments. When assessing the feasibility of a BOT project, private investors consider revenue risk - which is stemmed from the uncertainty about future traffic demand - as a critical factor. A potential approach to mitigating the revenue risk is the offering of revenue risk sharing mechanisms such as Minimum Revenue Guarantee options by the government. In addition to Minimum Revenue Guarantee options, a mechanism known as Traffic Revenue Cap options may also be negotiated, which makes the government entitled to a share of revenue when it grows beyond a specified threshold. Financial valuation of investments in BOT projects should take into account uncertainty about future traffic demand, as well as Minimum Revenue Guarantee and Traffic Revenue Cap options. The conventional valuation methods including Net Present Value (NPV) analysis are not capable of integrating the uncertainty about future traffic demand in the valuation of BOT projects and properly pricing Minimum Revenue Guarantee and Traffic Revenue Cap options. Real options analysis can be used as an alternative approach to valuation of investments in transportation projects under uncertainties. However, the appropriate application of real options analysis to valuation of investments in transportation projects is conditioned upon overcoming specific theoretical challenges. Current real options models do not provide a systematic method for estimating the project volatility, which measures the variability of investment value. Existing models do not provide a method for calculating the market value of Minimum Revenue Guarantee and Traffic Revenue Cap options. Also, current models are not able to characterize the impact of Minimum Revenue Guarantee and Traffic Revenue Cap options on private investors' financial risk profile. The overarching objective of this research is to apply the real options theory in order to price Minimum Revenue Guarantee and Traffic Revenue Cap options under the uncertainty about future traffic demand. To achieve this objective, a real options model is created that characterizes the long-term traffic demand uncertainty in BOT projects and determines investors' financial risk profile under uncertainty about future traffic demand. This model presents a novel method for estimating the project volatility for real options analysis. This model devises a market-based option pricing approach to determine the correct value of Minimum Revenue Guarantee and Traffic Revenue Cap options. An appropriate procedure is created for characterizing the impact of Minimum Revenue Guarantee and Traffic Revenue Cap options on the investors' financial risk profile. The proposed real options model is applied to a BOT project to illustrate the valuation process. The limitations of the proposed real options model, as well as the barriers to its implementation, are identified and recommendations for future research are offered. This research contributes to the state of knowledge by presenting a new method for estimating the project volatility, which is required for the real options analysis of transportation investments. It also introduces a risk-neutral valuation method for pricing the market value of Minimum Revenue Guarantee and Traffic Revenue Cap options in BOT projects. The research also contributes to the state of practice by introducing a novel class of assessment tools for decision makers that characterize the investors' financial risk profile under uncertainty about future traffic demand. Proper methods for pricing of Minimum Revenue Guarantee and Traffic Revenue Cap options are useful to public and private investors, in order to avoid wasting capital in transportation projects.

A ampla divulgação do conceito de valor econômico adicionado (EVA®) fez com que as empresas utilizassem essa medida de desempenho para evidenciar o quanto de valor foi adicionado aos seus proprietários. Essas empresas esperam que EVA®s positivos aumentem o valor da empresa no mercado. Nesse sentido, alguns estudos comprovaram uma relação forte entre o EVA® e o retorno das ações no mercado, confirmando que o EVA® positivo valoriza a empresa no mercado (FELTHAM et al, 2004; SILVEIRA et al, 2004). Entretanto, ao se analisarem as medidas contábeis tradicionais, como lucro líquido e fluxo de caixa operacional, encontra-se uma forte relação dessas medidas com o retorno das ações e uma fraca relação do EVA® com o retorno das ações (BIDDLE et al, 1997). Neste trabalho, foi aplicado o estudo de Biddle et al, para todas as empresas não-financeiras de capital aberto listadas na Bovespa, no período de 1997 a 2006. Foi apurado o lucro líquido, o fluxo de caixa operacional, o EVA® e o lucro residual (EVA® sem ajustes contábeis) e foi analisada a relação dessas medidas com o retorno das ações das empresas brasileiras. Foi analisada também a influência dos ajustes contábeis na explicação do retorno das ações, para o mesmo período. Os testes de regressões com efeito fixo e efeito aleatório para as amostras com as variáveis independentes ajustadas e não-ajustadas mostraram que o poder de explicação, medido pelo r-quadrado, encontrado nos testes foi muito baixo. Este resultado se aproximou do encontrado por Biddle et al e Feltham et al, fato este que não permitiu afirmar claramente o quanto as medidas de valor econômico e as medidas contábeis explicaram o retorno das ações e se afastou dos resultados encontrados por Silveira et al fato este que poderia evidenciar que o mercado brasileiro apresentou alguma eficiência na sua forma semi-forte. / The huge propagation of the EVA® (Economic Value Added) concept allows companies to use this performance measure to prove how much value was added for the owners. These companies hope positive EVA®s increase firm values in the market. In this direction, some studies prove a strong association between EVA® and stock returns, confirming that the positive EVA® valorizes companies in the market (Felthan et al, 2004; Silveira et al, 2004). However, when analyzing mandated performance measures, such as earning and operate cash flow, there is a strong association between these measures and the stock returns, and a weak association between EVA® and stock returns (Biddle et al, 1997). At this study, Biddle et al study was applied to all of no-financial companies with open capital listed at Bovespa, from 1997 to 2006. Earning, operate cash flow, EVA® and residual income (EVA® without accounting adjustments) were verified, and the association between these measures and Brazilian company stock returns was analyzed. The influence of accounting adjustments in the explanation of stock returns was analyzed too, in the same period of time. The tests of fixed effect regression and random effect regression for the samples with independent, adjusted and non-adjusted variables showed that the explanation power, measured by r-square, found in the tests, was very low. This result got closer to the results presented by Biddle et al, which did not allow clearly stating how much the economic value and accounting measures explain the stock returns. In the other hand, this result got far from the results presented by Silveira et al, which could prove that Brazilian market has some efficiency in its semistrong-form.

My diploma thesis is concerned with the scheme, constructive solution and implementation of the prototype and project. Via PC with the help of a circuit ASIX FT232BM, the prototype operates a ATTiny2313 microcontroller, which enables switching of the power part and PWM modulation outputs.The project describes operating by a programmable terminal AMIT APT3100(S) connected to a PC, and the wiring of a basic safety-loop and several measuring devices.

Master’s thesis presents the history and the present-day state of CNC machines and their control systems. This thesis describes both the basics and the advanced methods of programming which can provide the ability to create NC program for Sinumerik 840D to operate. The second part of the thesis deals with the development of the technology to machine the part (the frame of the reduction gear) and corresponding NC program. This program is created by means of the work-step programming (ShopMill). The final verification of the program was provided by means of simulation component of the control system.

A la chute du régime fasciste, l'Italie entre dans une reconstruction matérielle mais également idéologique et culturelle. En architecture, cette entreprise se traduit par des débats sur le lien à la tradition, le dialogue entre histoire et pratique du projet architectural et sur le rapport renouvellé entre l'édifice et la ville. Dans ce contexte, le post-modernisme trouve, à l'occasion de la première Biennale d'architecture de Venise, le territoire propice à son expression. Ce renouvellement intellectuel de la discipline est analysé à travers une trajectoire particulière : celle de Paolo Portoghesi. Cet architecte occupe tout au long de sa carrière des positions prépondérantes au sein de la discipline, dans l'enseignement, la recherche, la presse, l'édition et la pratique.La thèse a pour objectif de mettre en évidence à travers les discours et l'œuvre de cet architecte et les témoignages de ses contemporains, le rôle qu'il a joué dans l'histoire de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Après avoir étudier sa production en tant qu'historien de l'architecture, spécialiste du baroque romain (chapitre 1), l'étude démontre comment ces travaux sont utilisés dans la conception architecturale, faisant de lui un représentant de la critique opératoire (chapitre 2). L'étude de son action en tant qu'enseignant, directeur de publication et président de la Biennale de Venise permet de la positionner au sein de l'école romaine d'architecture (chapitre 3) et comme l'un des personnages centraux du post-modernisme en Europe (chapitre 4). Enfin, son parcours permet d'illustrer la transition qui s'opère entre une volonté d'adéquation avec l'esprit du temps pour une théorie de l'esprit du lieu, d'abord à travers la conception de la ville contemporaine (chapitre 5), puis à travers l'énoncé du concept de géoarchitecture. / Following the fall of the Fascist regime, Italy enters a phase of rebuilding and reconstruction, also on an ideological and cultural level. In the field of architecture, this phenomenon triggers debates about the link to the tradition, the dialog between history and practice of the architectural project, and a renewed relationship between the buildings and the city. This environment and the First Venice Biennale are conducive to Post-modernism theories to develop themselves. This intellectual renewal of the discipline is here analyzed via a particular focus: Paolo Portoghesi's one. This architect holds throughout his carrier several major positions in the educational field, research field, press sector, book publishing and also as a practitioner.The thesis aims at highlighting the role Portoghesi played in the history of the second half of the twentieth century, through his texts and works, and the testimonies of his contemporaries. After examining his work as an architectural historian and a Roman Baroque specialist (Chapter One), the study shows how his researches are used in the architectural conception, making him a representative of the operative criticism (Chapter 2). Considering his action as a teacher, Editor in Chief and President of the architectural section of the Venice Biennale, enables to position him in the Roman School of Architecture (Chapter 3) and as one of the major characters of Post-Modernism in Europe (Chapter 4). His life's path illustrates the transition between willing to stick to the spirit of the time and the theory of the genius loci, firstly through contemporary city conception (Chapter 5), then with the concept of “geo-architecture”.

No description available.