This study takes a cultural perspective in studying the "Alberta Arts District," a gentrifying neighborhood in Northeast Portland in which bohemian cultural production/consumption has become the dominant and commodified vision of the community. Survey data demonstrates residents' general opinions and levels of participation in the changing neighborhood. Forty long-time residents, black and white, homeowners and renters, are interviewed in-depth regarding their perceptions of change. Long-time residents of gentrifying neighborhoods are often overlooked as a less powerful group that only has to negotiate rising rents and property values. This study approaches the meaning of neighborhood changes for long-time residents who have the potential to react culturally, socially, and economically in a neighborhood where racial and economic differences are structured by segregation and divestment. In the course of identifying positive, negative, and mixed feelings about changes, long-time residents also establish their belonging in the neighborhood as it changes around them. This is often done through constructing symbolic boundaries around newcomers, new businesses, and new cultural events in the neighborhood. This study finds that although most long-time residents perceive changes to be positive, race and homeownership affect different outcomes for different groups. Particularly, long-time black residents may establish belonging as being black in a diminishing black community, whereas long-time white homeowners may establish belonging by being homeowners in the context of positive changes.

Artifacts recovered from archaeological excavations near the Willamette River in Lake Oswego, Oregon indicate the presence there of a Late Windust-Early Cascade Phase site possibly dating to 9,000 B.P. The assemblage includes 137 projectile points, bifaces or point fragments, nearly all of the Cascade-type. Two stem fragments and one complete point which are similar to those of the Windust Phase which dates 10,000-8,000 B.P. in the southern Columbia Plateau also were found. Stone knives, choppers, scrapers, hammerstones, cores and microblades also are included in the assemblage. No later type notched or stemmed points have been recovered from the site. If the hypothesized dates are valid, the site will be the oldest discovered to date in the Lower Willamette River-Portland Basin area. This thesis reports on the site, its excavation and its artifacts.

From June 1998 to July 1999, the dynamics of the plankton in Hagg Lake and Barney Reservoir were studied with the purpose to identify the succession dynamics of the planktonic species, to test the Plankton Ecology Group (PEG) model, and to explore the relationships between these successions and the physical and chemical variables.

On March 14, 1975, twenty-eight year old Portland Police Officer Kenneth Sanford shot and killed seventeen-year-old Rickie Charles Johnson in the back of the head during a sting operation. Incredulously, Johnson was the fourth person of color to be shot and killed by Portland police within a five-month period. Due to his age and surrounding circumstances, Johnson's death by Sanford elicited extreme reactions from varied communities of Portland. Unlike previous deaths of people of color by the police in Portland, Johnson's death received widespread attention from mainstream media outlets. In response, some white citizens decried Johnson's death as unjustified police brutality. Still, several white citizens defended the Portland Police Bureau and their actions. Members of Portland's African American community, however, firmly believed that Johnson's death was just another instance in the PPB's long history of police brutality within Portland's black neighborhoods. Johnson's death motivated young black activists in Portland, Oregon to form the advocacy group the Black Justice Committee (BJC). The BJC, along with several pre-established advocacy groups in Portland, demanded that the city host its first public inquest to investigate Johnson's death. A public inquest is a public "trial" that usually occurs after a sudden or unexpected death. Black citizens felt this public inquest would hold the city accountable for repeated mistreatment of the city's communities of color; whereas, the nearly all white city government believed a public inquest would quell racial unrest within Portland. Mayor Neil Goldschmidt and District Attorney Harl Haas agreed to host the inquest, at which assistant District Attorney John Moore questioned Officer Sanford's motivations and actions. Despite the advocacy efforts before the public inquest, the jury voted 4-1 for Sanford's innocence. The only black jury member casted the sole vote against Sanford's innocence. Heralded for its progressivity, the city of Portland, Oregon is contemporarily viewed as a liberal mecca where all are welcome to speak their truth and "Keep Portland Weird." However, communities of color have experienced widespread repression, oppression and discrimination since the establishment of the city. Whereas some may see Portland as a city that cherishes individuality, Portland's black community has been robbed of autonomy for generations. Police surveillance, harassment and brutality have plagued Portland's black community for years and continues to be a contentious issue within the city. This project focuses on the history of Portland's black community, the history of the Portland Police Bureau, and the relationship between the two. Starting with World War II and ending with Officer Sanford's public inquest in April 1975, this thesis showcases the unassailability of Portland's black activist community and the city's continued denial of culpability for police actions. Despite the inquest's results, Johnson's death and the advocacy surrounding the incident fueled the motivations of activists at both the national and state level, and encouraged the city to acknowledge the wrongdoings of the Bureau.

A geographical information system (GIS) was used to develop a regression model designed to predict flood magnitudes in the Sandy and Clackamas river basins in Oregon. Manual methods of data assembly, input, storage, manipulation and analysis traditionally used to estimate basin characteristics were replaced with automated techniques using GIS-based computer hardware and software components. Separate GIS data layers representing (1) stream gage locations, (2) drainage basin boundaries, (3) hydrography, (4) water bodies, (5) precipitation, (6) landuse/land cover, (7) elevation and (8) soils were created and stored in a GIS data base. Several GIS computer programs were written to automate the spatial analysis process needed in the estimation of basin characteristic values using the various GIS data layers. Twelve basin characteristic data parameters were computed and used as independent variables in the regression model. Streamflow data from 19 gaged sites in the Sandy and Clackamas basins were used in a log Pearson Type III analysis to define flood magnitudes at 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50- and 100-year recurrence intervals. Flood magnitudes were used as dependent variables and regressed against different sets of basin characteristics (independent variables) to determine the most significant independent variables used to explain peak discharge. Drainage area, average annual precipitation and percent area above 5000 feet proved to be the most significant explanatory variables for defining peak discharge characteristics in the Sandy and Clackamas river basins. The study demonstrated that a GIS can be successfully applied in the development of basin characteristics for a flood frequency analysis and can achieve the same level of accuracy as manual methods. Use of GIS technology reduced the time and cost associated with manual methods and allowed for more in-depth development and calibration of the regression model. With the development of GIS data layers and the use of GIS-based computer programs to automate the calculation of explanatory variables, regression equations can be developed and applied more quickly and easily. GIS proved to be ideally suited for flood frequency modeling applications by providing advanced computerized techniques for spatial analysis and data base management.

This project examines the landscape of the farming community of Beagle, Oregon prior to and during the Second World War and the effect on it due to the construction of Camp White, a World War II training facility. The Beagle landscape is examined through the prism of current theory that suggests that landscapes are not discrete units of analysis but are, instead, symbiotic relationships between land and people. Utilizing archives, contemporary newspaper accounts, photographs, oral histories, and archaeological investigation, the history of the construction of Beagle landscape, the effects of the construction of Camp White, the subsequent removal of Beagle residents, and postwar renewal are examined. The project concludes that the Beagle landscape was, and is, a holistic entity that, though dramatically changed in 1942, continues to exist and inform the lives of surviving original residents as well as the history of the Beagle area. / Graduation date: 2007

La Mine Colombia, située dans le District Aurifère d'El Callao, Venezuela, est considérée comme un gisement de type "géant" (i.e. > 500 t Au) car les réserves prouvées sont égales à 23 millions d'onces (= 740 t Au), ce qui fait de ce gisement le plus gros gisement du Craton Guyanais. La minéralisation est encaissée dans des formations basaltiques d'âge paléoprotérozoïque présentant toutes les caractéristiques des basaltes de plateau océanique. La minéralisation se localise au niveau de trois filons sécants sur la foliation, appelés "veine de quartz aurifère Colombia, América et Hansa". Ces "veines" sont en fait constituées par un réseau interconnecté de veines de quartz mais aussi d'ankérite et d'albite, délimitant une caisse filonienne, qui peut être définie par un mur et un toit, dans laquelle le réseau de veines englobe de nombreux fragments de basalte fortement pyritisés. L'or se rencontre quasi-systématiquement dans les fragments de métabasalte, en relation étroite avec la pyrite. Nous considérons ces systèmes de veines comme des "corridors" de déformation minéralisés, qui se seraient formés dans le domaine de transition fragile-ductile, en présence d'un même fluide hydrothermal à H2O-CO2-NaCl et à faible salinité. Ces corridors minéralisés, se formeraient en relation avec une succession de microséismes, à chaque microséisme, une nouvelle génération de pyrite cristalliserait dans les fragments de basalte. Cette pyrite renfermerait systématiquement de l'or soit en substitution dans le réseau cristallin du cristal, soit sous forme de nano-inclusions de sulfosels polymétalliques ; cet or " invisible " représenterait l'or primaire du gisement. De ce fait, nous considérons que l'essentiel de l'or "visible" du gisement serait secondaire et le produit de la remobilisation de l'or primaire "invisible". Nous considérons que cet événement tardif de déformation dans l'orogenèse Transamazonienne est primordial pour avoir des grains d'or visibles et donc un gisement économiquement exploitable.

The sheeted complex of the ~92 Ma Tenpeak pluton, in the Northern Washington Cascades crystalline core, forms a <1.5-km wide zone with a moderate, NE-dip at the SW margin of the pluton. Sheeted magmatic complexes, such as the one in the Tenpeak pluton, are common in plutons and represent examples of incremental growth of plutons. Though it is widely accepted that plutons are constructed incrementally over prolonged timescales of several million years, it is not clear if and to what degree individual batches of magma interact, the timing and size of each magma pulse, and the role, timing, and location of magmatic differentiation. This project uses a combination of field evidence, bulk rock chemistry, and mineral geochemistry to address the (1) role of magma mixing and fractionation, (2) constraints on the relative timing of magma differentiation, (3) diversity of mixing styles preserved, and (4) physical properties that dictate how individual batches of magma interact within this sheeted complex. Rock samples were collected throughout the complex from mafic, felsic, dioritic, thinly-banded, and gradational sheets. Field evidence shows a range of sheet contacts that vary from sharp to diffuse, strong prevalence of mafic enclaves, and localized cases of mechanical mixing in which plagioclase feldspars from a felsic sheet are incorporated into a mafic sheet. In general, sheet thickness increases farther from the contact with the White River shear zone. The bulk rock and mineral chemistry suggests that the felsic magmas in sheets formed independently from the more mafic and hybridized sheets. The composition of the felsic sheets cannot be modeling by binary mixing processes involving mafic and felsic magmas or result from fractionating the most mafic magmas. However, mass-balance calculations using a linear least-squares mass balance calculation and Rayleigh fractionation models indicate that it is possible to explain the range of felsic compositions by internal, crystal fractionation driven mostly by plagioclase crystallization (~40-58%). Negative Eu anomalies in amphiboles from the felsic sheets imply that plagioclase fractionation commenced prior to the onset of amphibole crystallization. With the exception of the most primitive mafic sheet sampled, the mafic and hybridized sheets represent variable proportions of the mafic parental magma and the range of felsic differentiated magmas. Efficient mixing that resulted in these mafic to hybridized magmas must also have occurred prior to mineral growth as the mineral chemistry reflects intermediate, mixed compositions. The bulk rock and mineral chemistry of the most primitive, mafic sheet suggest that it did not mix with any felsic magmas. However there is evidence that the mafic sheet underwent plagioclase fractionation prior to emplacement. This is evident by lower bulk rock Sr/Ba relative to calculated Sr/Bamelt of plagioclase that cannot be reconciled without removing ~40-58% plagioclase. In contrast to the felsic sheets, the amphiboles from this mafic sheet lack Eu anomalies implying that amphibole crystallization occurred prior to major plagioclase fractionation. Chemical evidence reveals that magma mixing played an important role in controlling the chemical composition of individual sheets and field observations suggesting that there was a range of mixing styles. Throughout the sheeted complex, there are localized sites of mechanical mixing where plagioclase phenocrysts from adjacent felsic sheets are mechanically mixed into mafic sheets. Evidence for mechanical mixing is present across both sharp and gradational contacts. This implies varying rheological and viscosity contrasts between different sheets, though in both cases crystallinity and viscosity appears sufficiently low to allow crystals to migrate across sheet contacts. Variability in sheet thickness and contact type suggests that the physical parameters (i.e. temperature, viscosity, rheology, and magma flux) of the system continue to evolve throughout the formation of the sheeted complex. Near the White River, sheets are thin and more heterogeneous but become progressively thicker (>302 m) and more felsic in composition up-section. The composition of plagioclase and amphibole is remarkably uniform in all of the felsic sheets suggesting that each sheet formed from an array of felsic parental magmas. Thicker, felsic sheets most likely reflect hotter conditions where larger magma fluxes could be accommodated or viscosity-temperature contrasts that were low enough to allow for efficient mixing between two adjacent sheets and therefore erase sheet contacts. / Graduation Date: 2013

Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa möjligheter och begränsningar med olika tekniska system för att identifiera kontakter på stridsfältet, främst med avseende på att minska risken för vådabekämpningar. Uppsatsen skall också belysa om införande av tekniska system för identifiering av kontakter är den enskilt bästa metoden för att undvika vådabekämpningar. Syftet är att läsaren skall uppnå en förståelse för vad olika typer av system för identifiering kan bidra med för att minska risken för vådabekämpningar. Utöver detta belyses andra nackdelar och fördelar med de olika tekniska systemen förutom just inom området identifiering. Uppsatsen beskriver olika händelser där vådabekämpningar skett och kopplar dessa mot hur olika tekniska system eventuellt hade kunnat minska risken för att vådabekämpningen skulle ha skett. Uppsatsen beskriver också ett antal olika tekniska system för identifiering av kontakter på stridsfältet. / The purpose of this essay is to shed light on possibilities and limitations regarding different systems for identification of contacts on the battlefield, mainly for the purpose of reducing fratricide. The essay will also shed light on if the introduction of systems for identification on the battlefield is the best one single method that will reduce fratricide. The purpose is that the reader will achieve an understanding of how different systems for target identification will reduce the risk for fratricide. In addition the possibilities and limitations of other systems in the field of combat identification will also be addressed. The essay describes different events where fratricide has occurred and connects these events with the possibilities and limitations of the identification systems described and how these systems could have reduced the risk for fratricide. The essay also describes different systems for target identification and combat identification.

International commercial harbor is being in international, liberal and global conflict. It is facing the pressure of domestic and overseas market¡¦s competition. The enterprises need to reform the organization urgently. Harbor organization is researching to change from the enterprising organization of transportation into administrative legal person. The characteristics have the autonomy of personnel matters and utilize human resource flexibly. It is realized by way of implementing functional flexibility, numerical flexibility, temporal or working-time flexibility, wage or financial flexibility. The object is to serve for shipping company and increases employees ¡¦organizational adaptability, job efficiency, employees¡¦ productivity, service quality, personnel cost reduction and achieving budget target. At the same time, the organization utilizes flexible strategy have to consider the employees who have realized the change of job conditions. BY adjusting employees¡¦ work attitude which including job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitment etc. And then, it will increase organizational performance really. The study surveys the case organization which is the employees of the Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau (KHB). It utilizes employees¡¦ questionnaires to survey the influences of organization performance during the period of the strategy of implementing organization reform. The study finds the following results: 1. The perception of employees has significantly influences on organizational performance. 2. The functional flexibility has significantly influences on organizational performance. 3. The numerical flexibility has significantly influences on organizational performance. 4. The temporal or working-time flexibility has significantly influences on organizational performance. 5. The wage or financial flexibility has significantly influences on organizational performance. 6. The employees ¡¦different point of view on human resource utilization strategy will produce some differences due to different characteristics. According to the research result, implementing human resource flexible utilization which has significantly influences on organizational performance mostly. But different point of view on the strategy of human resource utilizing still have differences due to different characteristics. The KHB needs various kinds of improvable action to integrate employees¡¦ different point of view by communicating and coordinating with employees. Let employees understand the organizational reform is very important. It is in favor of organizational performance and increasing competitive power.